How does voluntary disclosure affect information asymmetry in financial markets?5 answersVoluntary disclosure plays a crucial role in influencing information assymetry in financial markets. Studies show that firms engaging in voluntary disclosure tend to reduce information assymetry by providing more transparent information to investors and stakeholders. Specifically, firms that actively participate in disclosure initiatives like the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) experience lower information assymetry risks compared to those that do not disclose or provide incomplete information. Moreover, voluntary disclosure not only enhances the quality of financial reporting but also increases investor interest, ultimately contributing to a decrease in information assymetry. Overall, voluntary disclosure acts as a mechanism to bridge the gap between firms and investors by providing more comprehensive and transparent information, thereby reducing information assymetry in financial markets.
How does non-financial reporting influence corporate governance?4 answersNon-financial reporting plays a crucial role in influencing corporate governance by enhancing transparency and accountability. It provides stakeholders with valuable information beyond financial performance, allowing them to assess the company's social and environmental impacts. The presence of non-financial reporting is directly linked to the long-term success of a company, as stakeholders are increasingly interested in sustainable practices. Additionally, independent board members, board size, and the type of auditor can moderate the impact of non-financial reporting on corporate governance. The relationship between non-financial reporting and corporate governance mechanisms is complex and underexplored, highlighting the need for more qualitative research to guide organizations in integrating sustainability into their governance practices.
What markets are big in non-team sports?5 answersNon-team sports markets, particularly in non-Olympic events, are gaining attention amidst challenges like inadequate policy guidance and funding shortages. These markets are influenced by factors such as competition policies, centralization of rights sales, and the impact of digital telecommunications on television rights sales. In competitive markets, agents can affect prices due to their market power, often stemming from limited numbers, information access, and strategic interdependence. Additionally, prediction markets for various forecasts, including sports outcomes, operate in a decentralized framework using automated market makers to ensure liquidity and financial properties, with proposed trading fees to compensate liquidity providers. The evolving nature of non-team sports markets requires continued policy support, financial attention, and market-oriented development strategies for sustained growth.
What are the different types of non financial reporting?4 answersNon-financial reporting encompasses various types of reporting, including environmental reporting, sustainability/durability reporting, social reporting, ethics and durability reporting, corporate reporting, corporate governance reporting, social responsibility reporting, integrated financial and non-financial information reporting, risk and capital management reporting. It is also referred to as sustainability reporting, which involves measuring, disclosing, and being accountable for organizational performance in terms of economic, environmental, and social aspects. Non-financial reporting is seen as a tool for shifting from a short-term focus on financial performance to a long-term, holistic disclosure framework that considers social and environmental impacts. Integrated reporting, a form of non-financial reporting, includes material and substantial information about an entity's prospects, governance, strategy, and actions, reflecting its social and commercial viability. The content of non-financial reporting research varies, and further research is recommended, particularly in-depth qualitative inquiries, to support the practice of non-financial reporting.
Do lower information frictions increase transactions and welfare in digital markets?4 answersLower information frictions in digital markets have the potential to increase transactions and welfare. The digital economy has reduced market frictions, such as search and entry costs, which can lead to more efficient market functioning. However, the sharing of data on online platforms can lead to externalities that depress the price of data and result in excessive data sharing. Antitrust law has largely failed to address the challenges posed by digital markets, which can facilitate the creation and maintenance of durable market power. Empirical research shows that the Internet as a channel for products has lower prices and smaller price adjustments compared to conventional retail outlets, indicating lower friction in Internet competition. The impact of digitization and consumers' preferences for the digital medium on content markets can have mixed effects on social welfare, with the optimal strategy for publishers depending on market conditions.
Do companies with higher levels of non-disclosure suffer in terms of their market valuation?5 answersCompanies with higher levels of non-disclosure may suffer in terms of their market valuation. Compliance and quality governance disclosure have been found to be value relevant in the UK, suggesting that firms with better compliance and explanations for non-compliance tend to have higher market valuations. On the other hand, asymmetric accounting policies, such as conservative or aggressive disclosure, can alter the relative risk faced by investors and affect market liquidity, leading to lower expected returns for firms. Additionally, market myopia, which causes investors to overvalue short-term earnings, can be reduced with the implementation of sustainability disclosure mechanisms, leading to a decrease in market inefficiency and potentially higher market valuations for companies classified as high sustainability reporters. Overall, higher quality non-financial disclosure, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, has been found to deliver economic benefits, including greater analyst coverage, higher levels of institutional ownership, and higher valuations in stock and bond markets.