What is the epidemiology of leishmaniasis?
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Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by female sand-fly vectors. It has various clinical manifestations, including cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The disease is highly correlated with poverty, malnutrition, and poor sanitation. Risk factors for leishmaniasis include immunocompromised hosts, crowded living conditions, and malnutrition. Diagnostic procedures for leishmaniasis include serological tests such as ELISA and rK-39, as well as clinical examination. Treatment options include antimony-based drugs, Liposomal Amphotericin-B, Miltefosine, Paromomycin, Pentamidine, and Sitamaquine. Drug resistance is a major problem, particularly with antimony-based drugs. The incidence of leishmaniasis varies by region, with higher rates observed in endemic areas. The disease affects individuals of all ages, with a higher incidence in children and males. The epidemiology of leishmaniasis is influenced by factors such as climate change, migration, and changes in the notification system.
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| The paper provides information on the epidemiology and temporal trends of leishmaniasis in the city of Barcelona between 1996 and 2019. | |
| Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Al-Ramadi, Iraq, with a prevalence rate of 59/100,000. It mainly affects individuals younger than 20 years, with a higher incidence during the winter months. The most commonly involved sites are the hands, face, and feet. | |
| The paper provides information on the prevalence of leishmaniasis in different regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with the highest incidence observed in North Waziristan. It also mentions that the majority of infected patients were males and children under 10 years old. | |
| The paper provides information on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, including the main risk factors such as malnutrition, poor sanitation, and living conditions, as well as immunocompromised hosts. | |
| The paper provides information on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, including its transmission by sand-fly vectors and its correlation with poverty, malnutrition, and environmental factors. |
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