What is the objective of the study "The Neurotoxic Effects of Imidacloprid on Rat kidney: A Comprehensive Investigation"?
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The study aimed to comprehensively investigate the neurotoxic effects of imidacloprid on rat kidneys. Imidacloprid, an extensively used insecticide, was found to induce significant toxic effects on rat kidneys, leading to alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage. The research explored the impact of imidacloprid on renal injury markers, histopathological changes, and molecular mechanisms involving ROS overproduction, NF-KB signaling pathways activation, and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathways. The study highlighted the detrimental effects of imidacloprid on kidney function, emphasizing the importance of understanding the toxicological implications of this commonly used insecticide on renal health .
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2 Citations | Not addressed in the paper. |
| The study aims to investigate the hepatorenal toxicity mechanisms induced by imidacloprid and hexaflumuron in rats, focusing on oxidative stress, apoptosis pathways, and gene expression changes. | |
30 Jun 2021 | The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxic effects of imidacloprid nanoemulsion on rats, focusing on kidney and liver functions, body weight, and DNA damage. |
| Not addressed in the paper. |
Related Questions
What are the specific neurotoxic effects observed in rats after exposure to imidacloprid?5 answersRats exposed to imidacloprid (IMI) exhibited various neurotoxic effects. These effects included altered neurobehavioral performance, decreased neurotransmitter levels (such as dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), oxidative stress with elevated levels of malondialdehyde and reduced antioxidant capacity, and histopathological changes in the brain like neuronal degeneration and gliosis. Additionally, IMI exposure led to inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity, disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and impaired cholinergic function. Furthermore, exposure to IMI resulted in altered monoamine neurotransmitter levels in various brain regions, indicating potential neurochemical disruptions. These findings collectively highlight the detrimental impact of IMI on the nervous system of rats, emphasizing the need for protective measures against pesticide-induced neurotoxicity.
How does imidacloprid affect humans?3 answersImidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been reported to have various effects on humans. It has been found to promote adipogenesis and cause insulin resistance when combined with a high-fat diet. Additionally, imidacloprid has been shown to have potential effects on human health, although the specific details are not mentioned in the abstracts provided. It is important to note that the abstracts do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of imidacloprid on humans, and further research is needed to fully understand its impact on human health.
How does imidacloprid affect mammals?3 answersImidacloprid affects mammals by causing a range of effects including biochemical alterations, lethality, wasting, atrophy of lymphoid and gonadal tissues, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. These effects have been observed in multiple species of wildlife, domestic animals, and laboratory species, from fish to birds and mammals. In white-tailed deer, imidacloprid exposure at field-relevant doses has been shown to decrease water consumption, thyroid hormone function, fawn survival, jawbone lengths, body weight, and organ weights. It also negatively affects adult female genital organ weight and activity levels in both adult females and fawns. Imidacloprid kills larval and adult flea stages rapidly by blocking insect-specific nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle contractions and irreparable damage to nerves and muscles. It prevents the development of flea populations in human or animal dwellings. In insectivorous bats, imidacloprid toxicity interferes with vocal, auditory, orientation, and spatial memory systems, leading to decreased expressions of FOXP2, prestin, and otoferlin, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction-related apoptosis in specific brain regions. Imidacloprid exposure during embryonic development in chicks has been shown to cause neural tube defects, neuronal differentiation dysplasia, suppression of F-actin accumulation, reduced expression of BMP4 and Shh, decreased cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis.
How does imidacloprid affect soil, air, and water?5 answersImidacloprid affects soil, air, and water in various ways. In soil, imidacloprid application can alter the dynamics of microorganisms and change soil biochemical properties, leading to a reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon content and negative effects on soil enzymes and microbial populations. Imidacloprid can also dissipate from soil more rapidly under submerged conditions and higher soil moisture, and is prone to photo-degradation. In air, imidacloprid can contaminate aquatic ecosystems through spray drift and surface runoff, potentially affecting the structural and functional endpoints of freshwater ecosystems, such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and organic matter decomposition. In water, imidacloprid can be detected as a trace contaminant, and its transformation products, such as imidacloprid-nitroguanidine, can be present in actual river water samples, potentially causing pollution.
Which are the effects of imidacloprid on soil, air, and water?5 answersImidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, has been found to have negative effects on various organisms in soil, air, and water. In soil, imidacloprid negatively impacts the growth and development of soil amoebae, such as Dictyostelium discoideum. In aquatic ecosystems, imidacloprid can contaminate water through spray drift, surface runoff, and groundwater leaching. It has been shown to have significant effects on zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and some phytoplankton taxa, as well as water quality variables. Imidacloprid can also be detected in river water samples and has the potential to cause pollution in paddy fields. Additionally, imidacloprid dissipation from soil is influenced by factors such as soil moisture, light, and pH, with faster dissipation observed under submerged conditions and in non-sterile soils. Furthermore, imidacloprid exposure has been found to induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes in soil bacteria, such as Bacillus weihenstephanensis, which may help in resisting the toxic effects of the insecticide.
How does imidacloprid affect the environment?5 answersImidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been found to have various effects on the environment. Studies have shown that imidacloprid can accumulate in the environment and cause chronic exposure to non-targeted species. It can also inhibit the growth of antral follicles in mice and affect hormone levels, gene expression, and follicle morphology. Imidacloprid can depress the photodegradation of imidacloprid under ultraviolet irradiation, altering the photolysis pathway and producing more toxic intermediate products. Additionally, imidacloprid can cause destructive changes in tissue structure and increase reactive oxygen species in non-target insects, leading to severe toxicity. Furthermore, imidacloprid has been found to alter the physiological response to motion stimuli in hoverfly pollinators, potentially affecting flight control and navigation. These findings highlight the potential risks and impacts of imidacloprid on the environment and non-target organisms.