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What is the process of bone remodeling?

Bone resorption

Mechanosensitive channels

Bone remodeling period

Hydrostatic equilibrium

Bone remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a complex physiological process crucial for maintaining bone health and structure. It involves the continuous renewal of bone tissue through a sequence of cellular events, where old bone is replaced by new bone without altering the bone's shape. This process is orchestrated by various bone cells, including osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which interact at different stages with progenitors, other cells, and bone matrix constituents. Mechanical forces play a vital role in bone remodeling, as they are essential for skeletal adaptation to changing conditions and maintaining bone homeostasis. Mathematical models have been developed to simulate bone remodeling, focusing on the mechanotransduction mechanism where mechanical stimuli are translated into biochemical signals to regulate osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Understanding bone remodeling is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for conditions like osteoporosis.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling Lijun Wang, Xiuling You, Lingli Zhang, Changqing Zhang, Weiguo Zou - Show less +4 more 18 Feb 2022-Bone research 70 Citations	Bone remodeling is a lifelong process involving osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-driven resorption, adapting bones to mechanical forces. This balance maintains bone structure and mass in response to changing conditions.
Open access•Book Chapter•DOI Cell Interaction and Mechanobiological Modeling of Bone Remodeling Process Rabeb Ben Kahla, Abdelwahed Barkaoui, Fatma Zohra Ben Salah, Moez Chafra - Show less +3 more 16 Dec 2020 2 Citations	Bone remodeling is regulated by a network of cells, hormones, and signaling pathways. Mechanotransduction triggers osteocytes to signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts, controlling bone resorption and formation in response to mechanical stimuli.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Bone Remodeling Process Based on Hydrostatic and Deviatoric Strain Mechano-Sensing Natalia Branecka, M. Erden Yildizdag, Alessandro Ciallella, Ivan Giorgio - Show less +3 more 06 May 2022-Biomimetics 4 Citations	Bone remodeling involves evolving bulk and shear moduli independently to adapt bone tissue to environmental changes. This process is modeled based on energetic arguments, allowing for different material parameter evolutions.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence Simona Bolamperti, Isabella Villa, Alessandro Rubinacci - Show less +2 more 18 Jul 2022-Bone research 32 Citations	Bone remodeling is a continuous, cellular operational process involving all bone cells interacting to replace old bone with new, ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence without changing bone shape.

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What is neuronal remodeling?5 answersNeuronal remodeling refers to the process crucial for shaping the precise connectivity of the mature nervous system. It involves pruning of excessive neural connections followed by regrowth of adult-specific ones to refine neural circuits. This process is essential for normal brain development in both vertebrates and invertebrates, with Drosophila being a valuable model due to its extensive and well-characterized remodeling events during metamorphosis. Neuronal remodeling plays a significant role in neural plasticity, contributing to the dynamic changes in dendritic structures under various conditions, including both physiological and pathological states. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing neuronal remodeling is crucial, as errors in this process are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia and autism.

What are the effects of hypermagnesemia on bone remodeling?4 answersHypermagnesemia, an electrolyte disturbance characterized by elevated magnesium concentrations in the blood, can have effects on bone remodeling. Magnesium is involved in various physiological functions, including bone metabolism. Studies have shown that hypermagnesemia can lead to abnormal bone mineralization in newborns. Additionally, hypermagnesemia has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes, such as respiratory and cardiovascular negative outcomes, neuromuscular dysfunction, and coma. In terms of bone cell function, unloading and microgravity, which can induce alterations in bone cell function and skeletal structure, have been shown to affect bone metabolism. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that magnesium can modulate parathyroid gland function, which is critical in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy, a bone disease commonly seen in dialysis patients. Overall, hypermagnesemia can have implications for bone remodeling and bone health.

In what context was the beginning of the research related to the tissue remodeling and simulation process?5 answersThe beginning of the research related to tissue remodeling and simulation process was focused on understanding the mechanism of tissue remodelling and its role in achieving mechanical stability. The concept of tensional homeostasis, where there exists a target stress for a cell and remodelling functions to move the cell stress towards that target, was an important foundation for this research. The research also aimed to study the factors that help the cell move towards mechanical stability, such as the deposition and removal rates of collagen in a fibre network. Another aspect of the research was investigating how geometrical designs of tissue mechanical constraints affect tissue remodeling processes. The integration of an in vitro mesenchymal tissue experimental model with a computational model allowed for the investigation of the relationship between mechanical design and tissue remodeling.

What is chromatin remodelling?3 answersChromatin remodeling is a process of gene expression regulation that occurs in both normal cells and pathological conditions. It involves the reconfiguration of the structure of nucleosomes, which are the basic units of chromatin. This remodeling is carried out by ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, which act as molecular machines. These enzymes interact with chromatin through ATPase domains that contact DNA at specific locations on the nucleosome surface. They also have diverse accessory domains and subunits that play important roles in modulating their activity. Chromatin remodeling complexes, such as the SWI/SNF complex, are composed of protein subunits that can be mutated or change their expression in diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also play a role in regulating chromatin remodeling. Understanding the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling and its regulation has potential clinical applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases.

What are the mechanisms of chromatin remodeling?5 answersChromatin remodeling is a complex process that involves various mechanisms. One mechanism is the percolation effects at the level of nucleosome interactions, which allows for ultrasensitive chromatin expansion. Another mechanism involves the SWI/SNF remodeling complexes, which can be affected by consistent influence on the subunits and the genes encoding them, as well as the non-coding RNAs that regulate their operation. Histone variants and their chaperones also play a crucial role in chromatin remodeling, maintaining epigenetic regulation and influencing processes such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes utilize ATP hydrolysing-DNA translocase motors to induce structural transformations in the chromatin, including nucleosome sliding, eviction, and editing. These mechanisms of chromatin remodeling contribute to the regulation of chromatin accessibility, nucleosome assembly, and nucleosome editing, ultimately impacting cellular and developmental processes.

What is targeted bone remodeling?1 answersTargeted bone remodeling refers to a specific type of bone remodeling that is directed towards specific sites in the bone. It is different from stochastic bone remodeling, which occurs randomly throughout the bone. The extent to which targeted remodeling occurs and its relationship with non-targeted (stochastic) remodeling is still being researched. It is important to understand the control mechanisms and independence of these two forms of remodeling, as they may respond differently to therapeutic interventions.

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