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What is the relationship between the braking-index and the rotation period of a pulsar?

Spin (aerodynamics)

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The braking index of a pulsar, which quantifies the rate at which its rotation frequency decays over time, is intricately linked to its rotation period. Young pulsars, with shorter rotation periods, tend to exhibit lower braking indices compared to older, more stable pulsars. This deviation from the canonical model's prediction of a braking index of 3 is attributed to factors like glitch activity and additional energy loss mechanisms beyond magnetic dipole radiation. Studies suggest that the spin properties of pulsars, including their rotation periods, are significantly correlated with the magnitude of the braking index, indicating a strong relationship between these two parameters. The rotational evolution of pulsars is influenced by various factors, making the relationship between braking index and rotation period a complex and dynamic interplay in understanding pulsar behavior.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Apparent dispersion in pulsar braking index measurements caused by timing noise A. Vargas, Andrew Melatos - Show less +1 more 03 May 2023-Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	The braking index variance in pulsars is influenced by timing noise amplitude, with a stronger effect when the stochastic process deviates from the assumed red noise model.
Journal Article•DOI The influence of deceleration and internal structure on the braking index of pulsars: Simplest model for the star Fabio da Silva Bortoli, Natan Vanelli Garcia, Nadja S. Magalhães, Carlos Frajuca - Show less +3 more 13 Jan 2023-Astronomische Nachrichten	The braking index of pulsars is influenced by the rotation period; as the star decelerates less due to reduced moment of inertia, the braking index decreases, aligning more closely with observational data.
Modelling the braking"index'' of isolated pulsars E. C. A. Araujo, V. A. De Lorenci, Patrick Peter, L. S. Ruiz - Show less +3 more 26 Feb 2023	The braking index of isolated pulsars, influenced by magnetic dipole radiation and shape wobbling, deviates from pure MDR predictions, impacting the relationship with the rotation period.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Effects of Spin Properties on Braking Indices of 208 Glitching Pulsars 24 Apr 2023-International journal of astrophysics and space science	The braking index of pulsars is significantly influenced by the spin properties, with a strong correlation between the rotation period and the magnitude of the braking index.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Modelling the braking "index'' of isolated pulsars 26 Feb 2023	The braking index of isolated pulsars is related to the rotation period, indicating how the angular velocity changes over time due to magnetic dipole radiation and possible shape oscillations.

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