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What is the role of CoQ-10 in biosyntesis of mithocondrial ATP?

Reactive oxygen species

Regulation of gene expression

Mitochondrial disease

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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in mitochondrial ATP synthesis by functioning as a cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, facilitating electron transfer. CoQ10 is essential for maintaining redox homeostasis, ferroptosis regulation, and sulfide oxidation. Deficiencies in CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes can lead to severe mitochondrial diseases, affecting various cellular functions. Additionally, CoQ10 acts as an antioxidant, preventing lipid peroxidation and regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics. It influences the activity of enzymes, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications, impacting inflammatory processes and lipid metabolism. CoQ10 deficiency can result from genetic mutations or pharmacological interventions, such as statins, highlighting its critical role in cellular energy production and overall mitochondrial function.

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Neuroimaging in Primary Coenzyme-Q10-Deficiency Disorders Juliane Münch, Jannik Prasuhn, Lucia Laugwitz, Cheuk-Wing Fung, Brian H.Y. Chung, Marcello Bellusci, Ertan Mayatepek, Dirk Klee, Felix Distelmaier - Show less +8 more 01 Mar 2023-Antioxidants 1 Citations	Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in mitochondrial ATP synthesis by functioning as a cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, aiding in electron transfer for ATP production.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI A novel COQ7 mutation causing primarily neuromuscular pathology and its treatment options Ying YeYing Wang, Evren Gumus, Siegfried Hekimi - Show less +2 more 05 May 2022-Molecular genetics and metabolism reports 10 Citations	CoQ-10 is crucial for mitochondrial respiration as an electron transporter. Defects in CoQ-10 synthesis, like the COQ7 mutation, can lead to severe mitochondrial diseases due to primary CoQ-10 deficiency.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Сучасні уявлення про роль убіхінону в процесах метаболізму клітини V. Dziuba, Melitopol State PedagogicalUniversity named after Bohdan Khmelnitsky, O. Kuchmenko - Show less +2 more 01 Apr 2017 2 Citations	CoQ-10 is essential in the respiratory chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitating ATP synthesis. It acts as a cofactor and influences enzyme activity, impacting energy metabolism.
Open access•Dissertation•DOI Studying the role of coenzyme Q10 in mitochondrial calcium and redox signaling Szilvia Csábi 30 Jun 2022	Not addressed in the paper.

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What is the role of CoQ-10 in preventing apoptosis in cancer cells?4 answersCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a crucial role in preventing apoptosis in cancer cells by exerting antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Studies have shown that CoQ10 can reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in various diseases, including cancer. Specifically, in a pancreatic cancer model, delivery of oxidized CoQ10 led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, triggering anti-cancer effects and cell death in vitro and in patient-derived organoids and tumor xenografts. Additionally, CoQ10 has been demonstrated to increase the rate of apoptosis in skin cancer cells while sparing normal cells, ultimately reducing tumor growth in animal subjects. These findings collectively highlight the potential of CoQ10 as a therapeutic agent in preventing apoptosis and combating cancer progression.

What is coenzyme Q-10?5 answersCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential enzyme that plays a vital role in the electron transport chain and acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It is naturally produced in all cells through a specialized mitochondrial pathway and can be found in two forms: ubiquinone (oxidized form) and ubiquinol (reduced form). CoQ10 levels decrease with age, leading to a potential deficiency that can be supplemented through oral intake from sources like fish, vegetables, and dairy products. This enzyme is crucial for ATP synthesis, stabilizing lipid membranes, stimulating cell growth, and inhibiting cell death, while also exhibiting antioxidant properties that help combat oxidative stress and prevent various diseases like cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions.

What is the role of magnesium in the synthesis of ATP?4 answersMagnesium plays a crucial role in the synthesis of ATP. It is required as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including ATP metabolism. Magnesium is essential for the activity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which catalyze the ligation of amino acids to tRNAs using ATP. It is also involved in the phosphorylation of methanol by ATP. In the mitochondrial ATP synthase, magnesium is important for transition state formation during ATP synthesis. Additionally, a new ion-radical mechanism of enzymatic ATP synthesis has been discovered, where magnesium complexes facilitate electron transfer reactions in the catalytic sites of ATP synthase and kinases. Overall, magnesium is necessary for various steps in ATP synthesis and is essential for the proper functioning of the enzyme systems involved in this process.

What is atp synthase for?5 answersATP synthase is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of ATP, which is the universal energy currency in biological systems. It plays a crucial role in fueling cellular processes, ranging from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. The enzyme is composed of 18 protein subunits, with pathogenetic variants in genes encoding these subunits or assembly factors being responsible for fatal human diseases. ATP synthase is found in all known forms of life and generates cellular energy through a rotary catalytic mechanism. It is also involved in the organization of mitochondrial cristae morphology and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and motor neuron diseases. The structure, function, and evolution of ATP synthase are influenced by its particular lipid environment, emphasizing the importance of studying these features within their context.

What are the potential benefits of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of cancer?3 answersCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has potential benefits in the treatment of cancer. Administration of CoQ10 to subjects with pancreatic cancer increases the number of subjects exhibiting stable disease and improves progression-free survival, overall survival, and time to progression. CoQ10 has also been shown to be effective in treating refractory cancers such as colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, and uterine cancer in patients who have failed prior chemotherapeutic regimens. Additionally, CoQ10 plays a role in mitochondrial function, acts as an antioxidant, and has anti-inflammatory properties, which are relevant in the pathogenesis and treatment of various age-related disorders, including certain types of cancer. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of CoQ10 in cancer treatment.

Can CoQ10 supplementation enhance mitochondrial function assessed by P/O ratio?5 answersCoQ10 supplementation has been shown to improve mitochondrial function in various contexts. In bovine oocytes, CoQ10 increased ATP production, mitochondrial polarization/mass, and Oct4 protein levels, while decreasing oocyte death and pAMPK activation. In sheep oocytes, supplementation with CoQ10 resulted in increased blastocyst formation and hatching rates, improved mitochondrial distribution and membrane potential, and reduced oxidative stress. In patients with Huntington's disease, CoQ10 supplementation increased serum CoQ10 levels and improved mitochondrial function. In middle-aged men, both MitoQ and CoQ10 supplementation reduced mitochondrial ROS levels, but did not significantly impact mitochondrial function. In patients with mitochondrial cytopathies, CoQ10 treatment improved brain and muscle mitochondrial respiration efficiency. However, none of the abstracts specifically mention the P/O ratio as an outcome measure for assessing mitochondrial function.

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