Is FLT3 implicated in radiation resistance?5 answersFLT3, a receptor tyrosine kinase frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is not directly implicated in radiation resistance. However, studies have shown that FLT3 inhibitors induce autophagy as a resistance mechanism in FLT3-ITD+ AML. Additionally, research on radiation-induced harm biomarkers identified Flt3L as a potential biomarker for radiation exposure. While FLT3 itself is not linked to radiation resistance, understanding its role in AML and its interactions with other pathways, such as autophagy induction, can provide insights into overcoming resistance mechanisms in cancer treatment, including potential implications for radiation resistance.
What is the role of FLT3 ITD in fetal development during pregnancy?5 answersDuring fetal development, FLT3 ITD mutation plays a crucial role in hematopoietic stem cell depletion and myeloid progenitor expansion in adult stages but not in fetal stages. FLT3 ligand (Flt3L) controls the numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) by regulating lymphoid progenitor cells in the fetal liver and common lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow, impacting the development of Peyer's patches and adult intestinal ILCs. FLT3 expression is highly restricted on lymphoid progenitors, influencing B and T lymphopoiesis by regulating early B cell progenitors and early thymic progenitors in adult mice but not in fetuses. Overall, FLT3 ITD and its interactions with other mutations affect hematopoietic progenitors differently during fetal and adult stages, potentially influencing the susceptibility to leukemic transformation and shaping mutation spectra in human leukemias.
What genes are regulated by FLT3?5 answersFLT3 regulates several genes involved in different biological processes. FLT3-ITD mutant-type acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes (FerRGs). Increased expression of FLT3 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with Tourette's Syndrome (TS). In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), FLT3 is implicated in immune cell infiltration and is correlated with the expression of ALOX5 and FTL3 genes. FLT3 inhibition in AML cells leads to upregulation of inflammatory genes and confers susceptibility to glucocorticoids, resulting in enhanced cell death.
What's the role of ELOVL4 in cancer ?5 answersELOVL4 plays a role in cancer by functioning as a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin, head, and neck regions. It is a downstream target of RIPK4 and is part of the NOTCH-RIPK4-IRF6-ELOVL4 signaling axis, which acts as a potent tumor suppressor in SCCs. In neuroblastoma, ELOVL4 is transcriptionally repressed by the oncogene MYCN, and its expression is associated with better overall clinical survival. In esophageal cancer, circ_0008078, which induces ELOVL4 expression, inhibits malignancy through the miR-191-5p/ELOVL4 pathway. The specific role of ELOVL4 in other types of cancer is not mentioned in the provided abstracts.
How does the FLT3 ITD mutation affect the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia?4 answersThe FLT3 ITD mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a significant impact on prognosis. Patients with FLT3-ITD mutations have a poor prognosis and a higher risk of relapse. The type of FLT3-ITD mutation is important in determining prognosis. The dup + ins type of FLT3-ITD mutation is associated with a poor prognosis among non-APL patients. Additionally, the presence of comutations, such as DNMT3A, further worsens the prognosis in AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations. However, haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) can overcome the poor prognosis associated with FLT3-ITD and DNMT3A comutations. FLT3 inhibitors, such as midostaurin and gilteritinib, have shown promise in improving outcomes for AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutations. Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors is a challenge, and novel therapeutic strategies are being investigated to overcome this.
What kind of cell population that Flt3 ligand affect?2 answersFlt3 ligand affects the population of dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, it influences the development and differentiation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Flt3 ligand is required throughout cDC2 differentiation, but surprisingly dispensable during late-stage cDC1 differentiation. In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), FLT3 is aberrantly expressed in blasts, indicating a pathological role of FLT3 in B-ALL. Flt3 ligand also plays a role in the expansion of CHILPs (common helper-like innate lymphoid precursor) in the bone marrow, which can differentiate into various helper innate lymphoid cell subsets. Overall, Flt3 ligand affects the development and function of dendritic cells and plays a role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.