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What is the role of intestinal epithelial cells in microbe uptake?

Intestinal mucosa

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Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a role in the uptake of microbes. IECs express the β-glucan receptor Dectin-1 and can phagocytose β-glucan-containing fungal particles via LC3 associated phagocytosis (LAP) . They sense luminal fungal particles and internalize them via LAP, contributing to the maintenance of mucosal tolerance towards commensal fungi . In addition, IECs form a selective barrier between the gut lumen and circulation, preventing the uptake of infectious or immunologically relevant solutes . However, in certain conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal obstruction, there can be a co-existing paracellular and transcellular barrier defect in the intestinal epithelium, allowing bacteria to pass through and be endocytosed by IECs . Microfold cells (M cells) are responsible for the internalization of certain bacteria, such as the probiotic L-92 strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, for subsequent delivery to dendritic cells and immunomodulation .

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI Uromodulin-SlpA binding dictates Lactobacillus acidophilus uptake by intestinal epithelial M cells. Sae Yanagihara, Takashi Kanaya, Shinji Fukuda, Gaku Nakato, Misaho Hanazato, Xue-Ru Wu, Naoyuki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Ohno - Show less +7 more 01 Aug 2017-International Immunology 29 Citations	The role of intestinal epithelial cells in microbe uptake is to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein uromodulin, which specifically binds to the surface layer protein A (SlpA) on microbes, facilitating their uptake by microfold cells (M cells).
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Commensal bacterial internalization by epithelial cells: An alternative portal for gut leakiness. Linda C.H. Yu 23 Feb 2015-Tissue barriers 15 Citations	The role of intestinal epithelial cells in microbe uptake is to internalize nonpathogenic, noninvasive enteric bacteria via lipid raft-mediated endocytic pathways, potentially contributing to chronic intestinal inflammation.
Open access•Posted Content•DOI Human intestinal epithelial cells can internalize luminal fungi via LC3-associated phagocytosis Makena Ali 15 Dec 2022	The provided paper is about the internalization of luminal fungi by human intestinal epithelial cells via LC3-associated phagocytosis. It does not mention the specific role of intestinal epithelial cells in microbe uptake.
Book Chapter•DOI Role of the Epithelium in Diseases of the Intestine Jörg D. Schulzke, Michael Fromm - Show less +1 more 01 Jan 2020	The paper does not specifically mention the role of intestinal epithelial cells in microbe uptake.

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