What make pycnoclines in sea water?
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Pycnoclines in seawater are primarily formed due to various factors such as seasonal sea ice-ocean interactions, buoyancy budgets, and turbulent diffusion. The presence of a zonal channel in the Southern Ocean and the nonlinear interplay between temperature and salinity distributions play crucial roles in generating the permanent pycnocline in the Southern Ocean . Additionally, numerical models show that freshening from river runoff and net heat gain contribute to the development of pycnoclines in shelf and slope waters, resulting in a pycnocline salinity maximum . Machine learning techniques combined with traditional pycnocline gradient determination methods are used to predict pycnocline characteristics based on partial ocean hydrological data, emphasizing the importance of accurate modeling for understanding pycnocline dynamics .
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| Pycnoclines in sea water are formed by sudden changes in vertical density, influenced by factors like density, depth, and the number of layers, as defined in the traditional pycnocline concept. | |
14 Feb 2022 | The Southern Ocean's permanent pycnocline is primarily generated by seasonal sea ice-ocean interactions near the Antarctic continental slope and winter sea ice edge, creating strong salinity-based stratification. |
23 Citations | Pycnoclines in sea water are formed due to seasonal variations in buoyancy, turbulent diffusion, entrainment, and mixed-layer shallowing, driven by surface buoyancy and energy inputs, as studied in the Middle Atlantic Bight. |
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