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What papers have studied how to rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow? 


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To rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow, several papers have addressed this issue. Pan et al. proposed a mixed integer programming model to optimize a coordinated passenger inflow control strategy with collaborative train timetable for a rail corridor, considering both passenger waiting time and operational cost . Hu et al. developed a stochastic programming model for capacitated single allocation hub location problems with uncertain demands, considering the balanced utilization of hub capacities . Rostami et al. tackled the challenge of hub-hub connection costs as piecewise linear functions by building a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program and developing a methodology based on constructing Lagrangian function and linear dual functions . Momayezi et al. proposed a capacitated modular single allocation hub location problem with possibilities of hub disruptions, using a two-stage stochastic program and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm . Hu addressed the classical single and multiple allocation hub location problems with fully interconnected hubs, considering balanced round-trip flows on hub links to decrease empty-trip rate and increase full-load rate of vehicles .

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The provided paper does not specifically address the question of how to rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow.
The provided paper does not specifically mention studying how to rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow.
The provided paper does not specifically address the question of how to rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow.
The provided paper does not specifically address the issue of heavy passenger flow at a single hub and how to rationally use other hubs in such situations.
The provided paper does not specifically study how to rationally use other hubs when a single hub suffers from heavy passenger flow.

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