What is sperm freezing?4 answersSperm freezing, also known as sperm cryopreservation, is a method used to preserve and store sperm cells for future use. It is commonly used in various fields, including genetic preservation, fertility treatment, and research purposes. The process involves extracting sperm cells and subjecting them to freezing temperatures, usually in the presence of cryoprotectants, to protect the cells from damage during freezing and thawing. Sperm cryopreservation has been successfully practiced in different animal species, including killifish, domestic animals such as bovines, caprines, ovines, equines, and camelids, and humans with impaired spermatogenesis. The technique offers several benefits, such as the long-term storage of genetic resources, synchronization of gamete availability, and the sharing of genetic lines between laboratories. It also reduces the need for live populations and provides flexibility for future experiments and research projects.
How long takes water to freeze in -1°C?3 answersWater can freeze at temperatures below 0°C, but the time it takes to freeze at -1°C is not specified in the abstracts provided.
Which developmental stage should embryos be frozen?4 answersEmbryos should be frozen at the blastocyst stage for optimal results. The study found that vitrification during the early blastocyst stage (D5) resulted in a significantly higher re-expansion rate compared to the morula stage (D4) and the expanded blastocyst stage (D6). Another study also supports this finding, stating that blastocyst-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfer (ET) had a higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) compared to cleavage-stage frozen-thawed ET in young patients who had previously undergone one failed fresh ET cycle. Therefore, freezing embryos at the blastocyst stage is recommended for successful cryopreservation and subsequent transfer.
How does the freezing temperature affect the freshness of meat?4 answersFreezing temperature has a significant impact on the freshness of meat. Low temperatures, such as -20°C and -70°C, effectively slow down the growth rate of microorganisms and enzymatic activity that cause meat spoilage. Frozen storage also reduces the growth of bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae, further preserving the quality and safety of the meat. However, freezing can negatively affect certain quality attributes of meat, such as tenderness, water holding capacity, color, and flavor. The extent of these effects depends on factors such as freezing rate, storage temperature, and duration. Temperature fluctuations during refrigeration can also impact meat quality, leading to changes in parameters such as total volatile basic nitrogen, total viable count, lipid oxidation, myofibril protein degradation, and bacterial species richness/diversity. Overall, proper freezing and refrigeration temperatures are crucial for preserving the freshness and quality of meat products.
How season weather affect fruits and vegetables?5 answersSeasonal weather conditions have a significant impact on the growth and production of fruits and vegetables. The cool, dry season is generally considered the best time for vegetable production, as pest and disease pressures are low and temperatures are moderate. However, the rainy season brings high temperatures and humidity, which can encourage the return of pests and make it difficult to produce certain vegetables without additional inputs such as plastic row covers and pesticides. Changes in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation can influence crop production. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration can have both positive and negative effects on crop production, with increased CO2 enhancing photosynthesis and water use efficiency, but also potentially affecting crop quality. Heat stress during the growing season can reduce fruit set and quality, while reduced or irregular precipitation can decrease yields and quality. Temperature, light, and moisture are important factors affecting vegetable growth, and planting should be adjusted according to regional climatic characteristics. Climate change, including temperature increase and elevated levels of greenhouse gases, can directly and indirectly affect the production and quality of fresh fruit and vegetable crops.
Chances freeze eggs?5 answersEgg freezing offers young women the chance to preserve their fertility potential and have a healthy pregnancy at a time of their choosing. Technological advancements in assisted reproduction treatment have improved the success rates of egg freezing, making it comparable to conventional IVF treatment. Delaying starting a family until the late thirties or beyond significantly reduces the chances of success and increases the risk of miscarriage. Donor eggs may not be a viable option due to supply constraints and ethical concerns. Freezing a woman's eggs at a younger age "freezes in time" her fertility potential and provides the opportunity for a healthy pregnancy. Egg freezing is becoming more popular and is now offered by fertility clinics to healthy women as a means to extend their reproductive options.