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When was Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education formed? 

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Our results reveal the determinant but delicate role played by the band council in developing forestry entrepreneurship in the community.
From these findings we suggest a course for future research, and identify key policy challenges for the future of social forestry and for Indonesia.
The region's urban forestry research can be enhanced and made more meaningful by strengthening national and international networking within the research community, across disciplines, as well as between researchers and those commissioning and using research.
The creation of Forestry Development Funds in the districts could be a sustainable approach to running the Community Forestry programme in Nepal.
These issues may be essential for advancing research in individual forestry and for improving policy objectives and programmes on forest planning and management within the increasing demands for sustainable forestry and rural development.
Together, these contexts suggest that those engaged in forestry research and education for development will need to be politically and institutionally astute, and proactive and strategic, in catalysing and pursuing opportunities; and that various collaborative models, both nationally and internationally, will remain important vehicles for sharing resources, commanding the attention of decision-makers, and realising development impacts.
This study suggests that Community Forestry (CF) programmes together with extension and environmental education programmes should be encouraged in order to reduce dependence on the natural forests.
It is argued that the systematic forestry introduced in India by Brandis was along the lines of forestry developed in very different social and ecological conditions, and that its development was greatly constrained by colonial inter ests.
The data to be generated in the coming years in the areas of forestry at both national and international levels suggest that we should revise the research priorities and strategies.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Kevin L. O'Hara, Hal Salwasser 
9 Citations
Without educational programs in profes- sional forestry at high research universities, institutional support for forest science research and postbaccalaureate forestry education can erode rapidly.

Related Questions

What is the history of forest rights act in Jammu and Kashmir?4 answersThe Forest Rights Act (FRA) in Jammu and Kashmir has significant implications for the local economy and livelihoods. The region harbors a variety of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that are crucial for the income generation of the local population. Studies have shown that NTFPs, such as wicker handicraft and Punica granatum, play a vital role in the livelihoods of people in districts like Pulwama and Ramban. The dependence on these resources reflects their impact on the local economy, with potential for establishing micro-enterprises. The recognition and sustainable management of these forest products under the FRA can enhance the economic well-being of the people in Jammu and Kashmir, showcasing the intertwined history of forest rights and local livelihoods in the region.
What is history of forest protection in India?5 answersThe history of forest protection in India is rich and complex, spanning thousands of years. Initially, forest definitions evolved with changes in national administration, transitioning from commercial to ecological focuses, often neglecting ecological and subsistence values. Post-independence, forest laws were established, giving states jurisdiction over public and private forests, allowing timber extraction for profit while also recognizing individual or community rights to forest land or products. In recent decades, conservation policies have intensified, particularly focusing on protecting endangered species like tigers, leading to conflicts between local communities and forest guards, impacting socio-economic dynamics and necessitating social resistance movements. The Forest Rights Act of 2006 marked a paradigm shift towards recognizing forest-dwelling communities' rights over forest resources, challenging the colonial legal frameworks.
Who are the stakeholders of Forest based Care Initiatives (FCIs)?5 answersForest-based Care Initiatives (FCIs) in Italy have a wide range of stakeholders, including private entities, civil society, and local people groups. These initiatives aim to provide inclusive wellbeing services to a diverse target user group and create business opportunities. The stakeholders involved in FCIs have positive perceptions and attitudes towards forest resources and tree planting. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), a model multi-stakeholder initiative, also has various stakeholders involved in its governance, including non-governmental and market actors. These stakeholders play a role in determining new standards for forestry but face challenges in transforming commercial forestry practices and addressing deforestation. Overall, the stakeholders of FCIs and the FSC contribute to the development and management of forest resources, with a focus on sustainable practices and the well-being of both people and the environment.
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