Is Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger susceptible against Ulva intestinalis treatments?5 answersCandida albicans and Aspergillus niger have been studied in various contexts regarding their susceptibility to different treatments. While Candida albicans has been found to be susceptible to certain antifungal agents like clotrimazole and ketoconazole, Aspergillus niger has shown high efficiency in removing BOD5, NH4, NO3, and EC from wastewater. However, Ulva lactuca extract did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. On the other hand, Ulva fasciata extract showed promising results in protecting against invasive candidiasis in mice, reducing inflammatory reactions and improving antioxidant defenses. Therefore, based on the available data, Ulva lactuca treatment may not be effective against Candida albicans, while Ulva fasciata extract could potentially offer benefits in combating Candida infections.
Why is candida albicans a pathogen in the vagina of some women and not others?5 answersCandida albicans can become a pathogen in the vagina of some women due to its ability to induce differential pathogenicity by eliciting specific host responses, such as increased fungal shedding and epithelial cell detachment. The expression and processing of the Ece1p toxin, candidalysin, across C. albicans isolates can also contribute to varying pathogenicity levels. Additionally, interactions with host factors like albumin can enhance C. albicans' damage potential independent of traditional virulence factors like adhesion and filamentation. Clinical isolates of C. albicans exhibit strain-specific interactions with macrophages, showcasing the heterogeneity in host-pathogen responses that can influence pathogenic outcomes. These factors collectively highlight the complex interplay between C. albicans strains and host responses, leading to variability in pathogenic behavior among different individuals.
Is commensal Candida albicans transferred via birth?5 answersYes, commensal Candida albicans can be transferred via birth. Studies have shown that infants can acquire Candida species, including C. albicans, early in life. Research has demonstrated the vertical transmission of Candida albicans from mothers to newborns, particularly in vaginally born infants. Furthermore, investigations have highlighted the nosocomial transmission of C. albicans in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), indicating the transfer of strains from healthcare workers to patients. Additionally, a study revealed the vertical transmission of C. albicans strains, including an antifungal-resistant strain, from mothers to their children. These findings emphasize the potential for Candida albicans colonization to occur during birth, either from the mother or through nosocomial sources, highlighting the importance of understanding and controlling Candida transmission in healthcare settings and from mother to child.
Does candida albicans cause oral thrush?4 answersCandida albicans is the main causative agent of oral thrush, an opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity. Oral thrush is a common infection, especially in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The presence of C. albicans in the oral cavity is usually asymptomatic in healthy adults. However, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition of C. albicans from a commensal organism to a pathogen. The transition is facilitated by various virulence factors of C. albicans, including cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and drug resistance. The co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria in the oral cavity is crucial for its persistence and colonization. The host immune response, particularly the T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response, plays a central role in maintaining C. albicans in its commensal state and preventing tissue invasion. Animal models, such as the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis, have been instrumental in understanding C. albicans virulence factors and host susceptibility to infections.
What is the inhibitor for candida albicans oral target?5 answersThe compound 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclopentanol was identified as an inhibitor for Candida albicans biofilm formation. Additionally, quercetin derivatives were found to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, with 2,6-diisopropyl quercetin showing the smallest MIC value. Triazole derivatives were identified as potential antifungal agents against Candida albicans, inhibiting ergosterol production and biofilm formation. 2-alkylaminoquinoline derivatives, specifically compound 1 and compound 12, were found to attenuate hyphal formation and cytotoxicity of Candida albicans. Compounds that inhibit hyphal morphogenesis were identified through screening existing drug libraries, with an interaction with the endocytic pathway suggested as the mechanism.
Candida albicans regulators and oral bacteria5 answersCandida albicans interacts with oral bacteria through physical attachment, extracellular signals, and metabolic cross-feeding, which influences the cellular and biochemical composition of the biofilm and contributes to the development and clinical management of oral diseases. Changes in the mucosal bacterial microbiota induced by dietary sucrose can modulate C. albicans virulence, with sucrose increasing total bacterial burdens and reducing alpha diversity, while Lactobacillus inhibits C. albicans growth. Selected bacterial species, such as Streptococcus sanguinis, S. gordonii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and A. viscosus, can increase hyphal production and virulence gene expression in C. albicans biofilms, while Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits virulence gene expression and hyphae production. Candida albicans may potentially influence the balance between the oral bacterial ecosystem and the host, leading to oral infectious diseases. The relative abundance of certain bacteria, such as Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Rothia, and Corynebacterium, is higher in denture plaques, and C. albicans is positively correlated with acidogenic bacteria and negatively correlated with Leptotrichia and pathogens associated with periodontitis and endocarditis.