scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Why are amino groups soluble in organic solvents? 


Best insight from top research papers

Amino groups can be made soluble in organic solvents through various methods. One effective approach highlighted in the literature involves ion-pairing, where enzymes are solubilized in organic solvents by forming nano-complexes with counter-charged surfactant molecules, allowing for homogeneous distribution and improved reaction efficiency . Additionally, the solubility of aminocaproic acid, which contains amino groups, was found to be significantly higher in water compared to other organic solvents, indicating a potential affinity for water-soluble environments . Furthermore, the use of specific solvent systems containing strong acids and tertiary bases with low pK values has been shown to effectively dissolve amino acids and their derivatives, facilitating interactions with acylating reagents and enabling the synthesis of various amino acid derivatives with high yields .

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
Amino groups in amino acids become soluble in organic solvents due to the formation of salts with strong acids like CF3COOH in the presence of a tertiary base with pK ≤ 6.
Not addressed in the paper.
Amino groups become soluble in organic solvents due to ion-pairing with surfactants, forming enzyme nano-complexes that enhance solubility and reaction efficiency in non-aqueous biocatalysis.
Amino groups are soluble in organic solvents due to the presence of a method and device that efficiently recovers water-soluble organic solvents with amino groups like MEA from water.
Amino groups are soluble in organic solvents like MEA due to efficient recovery methods involving cation exchange resin adsorption and elution processes outlined in the paper.

Related Questions

Are organic compounds soluble?4 answersOrganic compounds can be soluble in both organic solvents and water. The isolation of water-soluble organic compounds is less commonly addressed, but a simple method using adsorptive macroporous resins and reversed-phase chromatography has been developed. Soluble organic compounds have various applications, including in compositions, formulations, and electronic devices. In the case of the Tagish Lake meteorite, soluble organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, monocarboxylic acids, and amino acids were found, indicating the role of parent-body alteration in the generation of prebiotic compounds. The solubility of organic compounds is an important topic in chemistry, with properties such as chemical bond type, molecular structure, polarity, and intermolecular interactions influencing solubility. Understanding the solubility of organic compounds is crucial in areas such as materials, drugs, and the environment.
Is all acid soluble in ethanol?3 answersNot all acids are soluble in ethanol. The solubility of acids in ethanol depends on various factors such as temperature and acid composition. In some cases, the solubility of acids increases with increasing temperature in ethanol. Adding ethanol to water can increase the solubility of citric acid. Ethanol is highly soluble in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions, with solubility increasing with higher acidity. However, it should be noted that not all acids are soluble in ethanol. For example, proteins such as plasma-albumin, globin, and gelatin are soluble in ethanol acidified with TCA, HCl, or phosphoric acids, but not all classes of proteins are soluble in ethanol. Therefore, the solubility of acids in ethanol can vary depending on the specific acid and the conditions.
Why are proteins not soluble in HCL?5 answersProteins are not soluble in HCl due to their low aqueous solubility, which limits their use in various applications such as food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care. Acid-induced hydrolysis has been explored as a method to improve the solubility of proteins. However, studies have shown that microalgae proteins, as well as myofibrillar proteins, exhibit resistance to acid hydrolysis, resulting in limited solubility even after extensive treatments with HCl. The resistance to acid hydrolysis may be attributed to the presence of unhydrolyzed protein aggregates and larger protein particles in the hydrolysates. Additionally, the isoelectric point of proteins, as well as the presence of buffer salts and ionic strength, can strongly influence protein solubility. Overall, the solubility of proteins in HCl is influenced by various factors, including protein structure, hydrolysis resistance, and the presence of other compounds in the solution.
Amino acids as organic catalyst5 answersAmino acids can serve as organic catalysts in various reactions. They can be used to synthesize amino alcohols, which are important compounds in agriculture and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, amino acids can be utilized as catalysts in decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions, enabling the construction of diverse bonds. Furthermore, amino acids can be modified to obtain mono-N-functionalized amino acids using alcohols as alkylating agents and an NHC-Ir(III) catalyst. These reactions provide a straightforward and efficient method for accessing valuable building blocks with numerous applications. The use of amino acids as catalysts offers advantages such as cost-effectiveness and the ability to maintain optical purity, making them attractive tools in organic synthesis.
Are amyloid soluble?3 answersAmyloid proteins can exist in both soluble and insoluble forms. Soluble amyloid proteins function in their native conformation and are necessary for normal brain function. However, when amyloid proteins transform into insoluble aggregates, known as amyloid plaques, they lose their normal function and can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The insoluble amyloid plaques are stable and can cause inflammation in the brain. While insoluble plaques are well-associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease, soluble amyloid oligomers are considered to be the most neurotoxic forms of misfolded amyloid proteins and are strongly correlated with neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Therefore, both soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid proteins play a role in disease pathology, with soluble oligomers being particularly neurotoxic.
How to make pMMO more soluble?5 answersTo make pMMO more soluble, optimization of the detergent/protein ratio and simplification of the purification procedure have been found to be effective. Additionally, changes in culture conditions, specifically the rate of copper addition, have been shown to improve the solubility of pMMO. The addition of the type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase complex (NDH) from M. capsulatus Bath, along with NADH and duroquinol, to enzyme assays has also been found to increase the solubility of pMMO. Furthermore, the synthesis of a cage ligand that provides a biomimetic coordination environment for copper has shown promise in enhancing the solubility of pMMO. Overall, these approaches aim to optimize the culture conditions, purification procedures, and enzyme assays to improve the solubility of pMMO.

See what other people are reading

Can cysteinolic acid be found dissolved in seawater?
4 answers
Yes, cysteinolic acid can be found dissolved in seawater. Cysteinolic acid is a zwitterionic aminosulfonate present in marine environments, including seawater, and is widely distributed among various algae, bacteria, and sea animals. It is a highly polar metabolite produced by phytoplankton, such as dinoflagellates, haptophytes, diatoms, and prymnesiophytes, serving as an osmoregulatory compound to cope with changes in salinity levels in the surrounding seawater. Additionally, methods have been developed to efficiently extract D-cysteinolic acid from sea lettuce, a source rich in this compound, for various applications, indicating its presence in marine environments like seawater. The synthesis of cysteinolic acid and related molecules has been studied, further confirming its occurrence in marine and freshwater organisms, including seawater.
What is the major determinant in bioprocess environmental sustainability?
5 answers
The major determinant in bioprocess environmental sustainability is the sourcing and utilization of raw materials, particularly in the fermentation process. The environmental impact of bioprocesses, such as monoclonal antibody manufacturing, is significantly influenced by factors like culture media nutrients and cleanroom requirements. Additionally, the production and purification of enzymes play a crucial role in assessing the sustainability of bioprocesses, as demonstrated by the high E factor calculated for enzyme production and purification. Sustainability assessments in early-stage bioprocess development highlight the importance of evaluating ecological and socioeconomic effects to enhance sustainability and reduce environmental risks and production costs. Furthermore, utilizing green metrics like the E-factor and atom economy can aid in minimizing waste generation and optimizing resource efficiency in bioprocesses.
Can N-acetyltaurine be found dissolved in seawater?
5 answers
Yes, N-acetyltaurine can be found dissolved in seawater. Research has shown that Cupriavidus necator H16 is capable of degrading N-acetyltaurine as a sole carbon and energy source, indicating its presence in the environment. Additionally, studies have focused on the quantitative determination of urea in seawater, highlighting the development of methods for analyzing various compounds in seawater, including N-acetyltaurine. Furthermore, a method involving metabolomics in rats has been developed to detect markers of alcohol consumption, such as N-acetyltaurine, in urine samples, demonstrating the presence of this compound in biological fluids. Therefore, the presence of N-acetyltaurine in seawater is supported by scientific evidence from multiple studies.
What is enzyme?
4 answers
Enzymes are biological catalysts made up of proteins that accelerate biochemical reactions. They are specific in action, influenced by substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Enzymes can be sourced from microorganisms, plants, and animals, with microbial enzymes being more versatile due to their tolerance to various conditions. Enzymes play a crucial role in various industries like food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, polymers, and paper, aiding in the manufacturing process and speeding up reactions. In the food industry, enzymes are utilized for tasks such as inhibiting microorganisms, enhancing product properties, and extending shelf life through innovative techniques like enzymatic active packaging. Enzymes are pivotal in biotechnological processes, driving complex reactions efficiently under controlled conditions, making them indispensable for enhancing human health and various industrial applications.
What are the current state of research on innovative approaches for desalination?
5 answers
Current research on innovative approaches for desalination is focused on enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and promoting sustainability. Hybrid desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis–multistage flash (RO-MSF) and forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO-MD) systems, are gaining prominence due to their environmental and economic benefits. Additionally, advancements in solar desalination, like the fogging process and the integration of renewable energy sources, are being explored to address water scarcity challenges. Novel methods, such as utilizing thermal energy from solar collectors for forward osmosis desalination, showcase promising results in reducing energy consumption and managing high-salinity produced water sustainably. Overall, the research landscape is evolving towards integrating renewable energy, optimizing component performance, and developing cost-effective solutions for desalination processes.
What are the nutritional contributions of mushroom mycelium in animal feed?
5 answers
Mushroom mycelium offers significant nutritional contributions to animal feed, enhancing both the quality and efficiency of livestock production. The fermentation of ruminant feed biomasses with filamentous fungi, including various mushroom species, has been shown to enrich feed with bioactive metabolites, improving the nutritional profile of the feed. For instance, the fermentation process has been found to increase the content of crude protein, β-glucan, and lovastatin, which are crucial for the health and growth of animals. Similarly, Lentinus squarrosulus mycelium, when used as a fermenting agent, has demonstrated antioxidant properties, which can retard lipid deterioration in feed, thereby preserving its quality and contributing to animal health. Moreover, the use of flammulina velutipes mycelia in liquid feed for chickens has been associated with enhanced immunity and the production of high-quality eggs, indicating the potential of mushroom mycelium to improve animal productivity and product quality. The nutritional evaluation of Lentinula edodes mycelia has revealed a rich content of unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids, suggesting that mushroom mycelium can serve as a high-quality protein source in animal diets. This is further supported by the development of mushroom mycelium protein fish feed, which offers a sustainable, low-cost, and nutritionally rich alternative to conventional feeds. Additionally, the incorporation of mushroom by-products and red clay silicate in feed additives has shown to provide rich nutrients while reducing cholesterol levels in animals, contributing to the production of high-quality meat products. The bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues using mushrooms in solid-state fermentation has been optimized to degrade indigestible components, thereby increasing the digestibility and energy availability of ruminant feeds. Diets supplemented with mushroom myceliated grains have been found to improve intestinal health, milk production, and the oxidative stability of cheese in dairy ewes, indicating the multifaceted benefits of mushroom mycelium in animal nutrition. The use of mushroom-cultivated substrate in ruminant diets has been shown to enhance feed digestibility and fermentation, reducing environmental pollution and feed costs. Lastly, the exploration of fungi as an alternative source of edible proteins and animal feed highlights the potential of mushroom mycelium to meet the increasing global demand for protein sources in a sustainable manner.
How do enzymes contribute to the development of sustainable biotechnological processes in the environmental field?
4 answers
Enzymes play a crucial role in advancing sustainable biotechnological processes in the environmental field. They are utilized for bioremediation of environmental pollutants, offering eco-friendly solutions by catalyzing the degradation of toxic compounds. Enzyme-based biocatalysis is considered a green approach for bioremediation and bioenergy production, emphasizing the efficiency of microbial species in enzyme production. Enzymes provide benefits like reduced energy consumption, waste production, and chemical usage, aligning with circular economy principles for sustainable product and process design. Their application in bioremediation processes aids in reducing toxicity levels of pollutants, contributing to a more sustainable environment. Enzyme technology research focuses on enhancing enzyme characteristics for effective pollutant removal, cost-efficiency, and stability, highlighting their pivotal role in environmental biotechnology progress.
What is the amount of citric acids in strawberry jam?
4 answers
The amount of citric acid in different strawberry jam recipes varies. In the strawberry-carrot composite jam, the recipe includes 0.1-0.5 parts of citric acid per batch. For traditional strawberry jam, the preparation method involves using 0.3kg of citric acid for every 80-100kg of strawberries. Additionally, the strawberry jam powder recipe consists of 1.0%-1.5% citric acid by weight. Lastly, the black fungus and strawberry jam recipe includes 0.2-0.4g of citric acid per batch. These variations showcase that the amount of citric acid in different strawberry jam formulations can range from a small fraction of the total ingredients to a percentage of the overall weight, contributing to the flavor profile and preservation of the jam.
What is the IUPAC name in context of quinoline and structure of this SMILE 1=C(N)C=CC2N=CC=C(NS(CN3C=CN=C3C3=CC=CC=C3)(=O)=O)C1=2?
5 answers
The IUPAC name for the quinoline compound mentioned in the context is 1-Cyano-2-(N-(4-quinolyl)amino)ethyl-4-quinolinylsulfonylaminocarbonyl-3-quinolinecarboxamide. The SMILES notation for this compound is 1=C(N)C=CC2N=CC=C(NS(CN3C=CN=C3C3=CC=CC=C3)(=O)=O)C1=2. Quinoline compounds, like the one described, exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines such as anti-hepatocarcinoma, pulmonary carcinoma, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The structural versatility of quinoline allows for the synthesis of numerous derivatives with potential therapeutic applications, making them valuable candidates for drug development and refinement.
What is the most effective method for purifying TMOS?
5 answers
The most effective method for purifying temsirolimus (TMOS) involves a multi-step process. Initially, the crude TMOS product is purified through a silica gel column, followed by decolorization with active carbon and crystallization under stirring. Subsequently, the purified TMOS is obtained with a purity exceeding 98.5% and a maximum single impurity of less than 0.2%, making it suitable for industrial production. Additionally, a method for separating and purifying TMOS has been developed, leading to enhanced purity, yield, cost reduction, and broad market application prospects. By combining these purification techniques, the overall purification process can achieve high purity levels, cost-effectiveness, and scalability for industrial applications.
Application of micro filtration in dairy industry?
5 answers
Microfiltration plays a crucial role in the dairy industry for various applications. It is utilized for pre-treatment, separation, fractionation, purification, recovery, standardization, and cold pasteurization of dairy products. Microfiltration of cheesemilk can help eliminate microparticles essential for eye formation in cheeses, preventing undesired eye development in certain cheese varieties. In dairy processing, microfiltration is employed for whey separation, protein concentration, and lactose-free milk production, although membrane fouling can be a challenge. This technology is extensively used to concentrate, separate, enrich, and isolate dairy components, particularly for producing protein ingredients for various nutritional products. Additionally, the trend towards cold microfiltration in the dairy industry offers benefits like improved microbial quality, reduced fouling, enhanced product quality, and sustainability opportunities, albeit with increased energy consumption for processing at lower temperatures.