How are urban communities identified by aquatic environments?4 answersUrban communities in aquatic environments are identified based on various factors such as habitat type, location, biodiversity metrics, and focal taxa. Studies have shown that urbanization along rivers and agricultural land can lead to differences in aquatic communities along a gradient from agricultural headwaters to urbanized lower reaches. Additionally, the use of molecular tools like DNA metabarcoding has been instrumental in observing cyanobacteria diversity in urban lakes, highlighting the importance of understanding microbiomes in urban environments. Fish diversity in urban areas is influenced by environmental variables, with native fish diversity being strongly affected by water quality in lentic systems. Furthermore, urban development shapes pond community structure, with urban ponds supporting more nonnative species and having slightly higher beta diversity compared to greenspace and rural ponds.
How does urbanization impact the waterscapes in Kolkata, India, according to Mitra and Banerji (2018)?5 answersUrbanization in Kolkata, India, significantly impacts the waterscapes by encroaching upon water bodies and reducing their surface area. Additionally, the rapid urbanization in the city has led to the generation of a substantial amount of urban sewage, with a significant portion remaining untreated and finding its way into rivers and water bodies. The expansion of built-up areas due to urbanization has resulted in the loss of green spaces, croplands, and wetlands, leading to a fragmented city morphology and concretization of the landscape. Furthermore, the loss of vegetation cover driven by urbanization has contributed to increased carbon emissions and urban heat island effects, impacting the overall ecosystem resilience and hydrological cycles in urban environments.
What is the importance of water in the environment?5 answersWater plays a crucial role in the environment. It is essential for human survival, as well as for plant and animal life, atmospheric processes, and life within soils. Water is also integral to many production processes, livelihoods, and economies. Additionally, water is a driver of human mobility, migration, and displacement, and is increasingly central to explaining environmental migration in the context of climate change. The chronic experiences of household water insecurity and poor water governance shape migration decision-making. Furthermore, water is important for the emergence and sustenance of life. Liquid water and carbon molecules have physical and chemical properties that make them optimized compound-solvent pairs, and hydrothermal environments were important for the origin of life on Earth. Overall, water is fundamental for supporting biodiversity, natural processes, and ecosystem services, and its protection is crucial for sustaining ecosystem integrity.
Are waterbody mentioned or consider as urban green space?4 answersWater bodies are mentioned and considered as part of urban green spaces in the provided abstracts. The abstracts discuss the importance of water bodies in urban landscapes and their role in creating waterfront landscapes. They also highlight the problem of the formation of near-water depressed spaces in cities and propose ways to revitalize these areas, including the development of green and open public spaces. The abstracts emphasize the ecological and aesthetic benefits of water bodies in urban environments and the need for their proper development and transformation. Additionally, the abstracts discuss the ecosystem services provided by urban ponds, such as flood resilience and improvement of water quality, and the importance of considering these benefits in urban planning. Finally, the abstracts mention the encroachment on water bodies due to rapid urbanization in Chinese cities and the need for conservation and protection of urban water bodies.
What is urban ecology and why it is important?5 answersUrban ecology is a rapidly growing research field that focuses on the study of organisms and their interactions in urban environments. It examines the relationships between biological components (such as plants, animals, and microorganisms) and physical components (such as soil, water, and climate) in urban areas. Urban ecology is important because it helps us understand the impacts of urbanization on ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as the effects of human activities on the environment. It provides valuable insights into the functioning of urban ecosystems and the services they provide, such as climate regulation, pollution purification, and support for economic and social development. By studying urban ecology, we can develop strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization, promote sustainable practices, and create healthier and more livable cities.
How water bodies reduce urban heat?5 answersWater bodies reduce urban heat by providing a cooling effect on the local thermal environment. The cooling effect of water bodies is influenced by factors such as the spatial density, area proportion, and distribution pattern of the water bodies. During the day, water bodies have a higher cooling effect compared to the night. The cooling effect is positively correlated with the area proportion and landscape shape index (LSI) of the water bodies, but the efficiency of the cooling effect decreases with increasing area proportion. Small water bodies may have negligible local thermal effects, but their immediate surroundings can become cooler through shading and natural ventilation. Water bodies tend to absorb and store more heat, resulting in lower surface temperatures compared to flat concrete surfaces. Water bodies can lower daytime temperatures in surrounding areas, with a maximum cooling effect of 3.02 °C. Bigger ponds have greater cooling benefits, and lowering the water temperature further improves the cooling effect.