Why DMSO toxic to cells?
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exhibits toxicity to cells due to various reasons outlined in the provided contexts. Studies have shown that high concentrations of DMSO induce cell death mechanisms, including cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1 . Furthermore, DMSO has been associated with significant clinical side effects in patients receiving cell-therapy products, affecting cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and allergic systems . The toxicity of DMSO is evident in its impact on gene expression, microRNA deregulation, and epigenetic changes in tissues like cardiac and hepatic microtissues . Despite being widely used, DMSO can cause adverse reactions such as nausea, chills, cardiac arrhythmias, and neurological symptoms, leading to concerns about its safety and cytotoxicity . Therefore, the toxic effects of DMSO on cells are multifaceted, ranging from molecular disruptions to clinical manifestations.
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| Papers (4) | Insight |
|---|---|
| DMSO induces significant changes in cellular processes and the epigenetic landscape, impacting gene expression, microRNAs, and DNA methylation, suggesting it is not inert and potentially toxic to cells. | |
| DMSO is toxic to cells at concentrations above 0.40%, causing inhibition of proliferation and increased cell death in HepG2 and Huh-7 cell lines. | |
10 Citations | DMSO is toxic to cells due to its broad toxicities causing clinical side effects and altering NK and T-cell markers and function, hindering the development of DMSO-free cryopreservation methods. |
| DMSO is toxic to cells due to inducing caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage, leading to cell death mechanisms even at low concentrations, as shown in RA FLSs studies. |
Related Questions
What is the cytotoxic effect of DMSO?4 answersDMSO has been shown to have cytotoxic effects in various studies. It has been found to reduce the toxicity of the anticancer ruthenium complex KP1019, leading to a decrease in its bioactivity. Additionally, DMSO has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in preimplantation embryos, leading to developmental defects and decreased implantation rates. Furthermore, DMSO has been found to have cytotoxic effects on human leukemic T cells, causing a decrease in viability and proliferative response. These studies suggest that DMSO can have cytotoxic effects on different cell types and can impact the effectiveness of certain drugs.
What are the applications of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)?5 answersDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has various applications. It is commonly used as a solvent due to its low toxicity, affordability, and accessibility. DMSO is also utilized as a reagent for the synthesis of functionalized molecules, as it can serve as a carbon source, sulfur source, and oxygen source. Additionally, DMSO has been used for cryopreservation of cells and tissues, as it can penetrate cell membranes and prevent freeze-thaw injuries. Recent studies have shown that DMSO possesses immunomodulatory effects, including immune enhancement and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a potential therapeutic option for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, DMSO has been investigated for its preventive effects against radiation-induced nervous system diseases in individuals receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers.
What are the effects of DMSO2 on the human body?5 answersDMSO2, also known as dimethyl sulfoxide, is not mentioned in any of the provided abstracts. Therefore, there is no information available on the effects of DMSO2 on the human body.
What are the mechanisms of action of DMSO?5 answersDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has multiple mechanisms of action. It can induce cell fusion, cell differentiation, and enhance the permeability of lipid membranes. DMSO also acts as a cryoprotectant, protecting against ischemic injury and enhancing resistance to infection. In terms of heme synthesis, DMSO stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin in erythroid cells. Additionally, DMSO can modulate membrane structure and function by inducing water pores in lipid bilayers, which enhances the penetration of active molecules through the membrane. The presence of DMSO in lipid membranes also makes them more flexible, facilitating membrane fusion and enabling the membrane to withstand osmotic and mechanical stresses during cryopreservation. These findings provide insights into the various ways in which DMSO can affect biological systems and suggest its potential applications in fields such as cell therapy and drug delivery.
What role of DMSO in MTT assay?3 answersDMSO is used as a solvent in the MTT assay to dissolve the insoluble formazan crystals. The MTT assay is based on the conversion of MTT into formazan crystals by living cells, which determines the mitochondrial activity of these cells. The formazan crystals are insoluble in water, so DMSO is used to solubilize them and create a colored solution that can be quantified. The use of DMSO as a solvent allows for accurate measurement of the optical densities directly on the MultiScreen plate, improving the reproducibility and accuracy of the assay. DMSO has the same optical refraction index as the filters used in the assay, making it possible to measure the absorbance without loss of cells or formazan crystals.
What is DMSO solvent?5 answersDMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is a polar aprotic solvent that is commonly used in various applications. It has the ability to solubilize both polar and nonpolar molecules that are otherwise poorly soluble in other solvents. DMSO is known for its extensive miscibility with water and most common organic solvents, making it a versatile solvent in chemical reactions and organic synthesis. It has a high dipole moment and dielectric constant, which contribute to its solubilizing properties. DMSO is also used as a co-solvent in systems containing guanine-rich DNA, where it can affect the stability of G-quadruplex structures. However, it is important to note that DMSO can have toxic effects at higher concentrations, causing cellular toxicity and apoptosis-inducing factor translocation in neuronal cells. Researchers should consider the concentration of DMSO and its potential toxicity when using it as a solvent in biological assays or in vivo administration.