How cottage cheese act as a emulsifier?5 answersCottage cheese can act as an emulsifier due to its protein content and functional properties. The protein substances in cottage cheese, when modified or combined with other dairy products like milk, exhibit high emulsifying capacity and stability in emulsion systems. Additionally, casein hydrolysates derived from cottage cheese have shown significant emulsifying activity, especially at specific hydrolysis times, making them effective emulsifiers in food products. Cheese powder, which can be derived from cottage cheese, has also been found to possess emulsifying properties, stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions effectively. Therefore, cottage cheese and its derivatives can serve as natural emulsifiers in various food formulations, providing stability and functionality to emulsion-based products.
How does chocolate change FTIR specrum for chocolate based formulation?5 answersChocolate-based formulations undergo changes in their FTIR spectrum due to various processing steps. The roasting of cocoa beans leads to vibrational changes in functional groups, with over 50 peaks identified in the spectrum. Additionally, the presence of lard in chocolate can be detected through FTIR analysis, with specific differences observed in the spectra. Furthermore, the use of FTIR spectroscopy has been instrumental in studying the secondary structure of monoclonal antibodies in chocolate formulations, showcasing conformational changes and protein aggregation. Moreover, advancements in Raman spectroscopy, particularly at 1000 nm excitation, have enabled reduced fluorescence in dark and milk chocolates, allowing for qualitative and quantitative analysis directly on chocolate samples. These studies collectively highlight the significant impact of various processing steps and ingredients on the FTIR spectrum of chocolate-based formulations.
Why is soy lecithin used in chocolate dosage forms?5 answersSoy lecithin is utilized in chocolate dosage forms for various reasons. Firstly, modified soy lecithins can act as crystallization agents, anti-bloom agents, and rheological improvers in chocolate processing, enhancing fat crystallization rates and modifying melting properties. Additionally, microcapsules coated with soy lecithin can provide short-term controlled release properties for specific ingredients in chocolate formulations. Substituting soybean with sunflower lecithin in chocolate production can lead to minimal differences in rheological parameters, making it a viable alternative due to the scarcity of non-genetically modified soybeans. Moreover, in chocolate beverage powder production, soy lecithin is used to enhance wettability, with liquid lecithin being more effective in improving this aspect compared to lecithin powder. Overall, soy lecithin's multifunctional properties make it a valuable ingredient in various chocolate formulations.
Why is corn syrup used in the preparation of chocolate based drug formulations?5 answersCorn syrup, particularly high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55), is utilized in chocolate-based drug formulations due to its advantages over traditional sweeteners like sucrose. HFCS-55 offers economic benefits and convenient application. It is mellow, normal, and natural in taste, making it suitable for creating palatable medicated chocolates for pediatric consumption. Additionally, a production process for syrup special for chocolate, using corn starch, results in a high-quality syrup with glucose, maltose, and maltotriose components, meeting market demands and enhancing economic benefits. The incorporation of corn syrup enhances the sensory properties of the final product, making it an attractive option for chocolate syrup formulations.
How is cacao used in cosmetics, fine drinks, juices, and ice cream?3 answersCacao is used in various ways in cosmetics, fine drinks, juices, and ice cream. In cosmetics, cocoa butter derived from cocoa seeds is used for its moisturizing, soothing, regenerating, and anti-aging properties. It contains essential fatty acids and phytosterols that can restore skin elasticity and treat dermal disorders like dermatitis and eczema. In fine drinks, cocoa is used to prepare cocoa-based beverages with rich taste and high nutritional content. The process involves grinding cocoa beans or nibs, subjecting the suspension to a heat treatment, separating the phases, and mixing cocoa powder with a water source to create the beverage. In juices, cacao can be used as a raw material for the production of juice pulp. In ice cream, cocoa powder or cocoa extracts containing polyphenols are used to enhance flavor and provide health benefits.
What is the influence of emulsifiers in the chocolate?5 answersEmulsifiers have a significant influence on the crystallization and polymorphic behavior of chocolate. Different emulsifiers, such as soy lecithin, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), citric acid esters of mono- and diacylglycerols (CITREM), and ammonium phosphatides (AP), have been studied for their effects on cocoa butter solidification and polymorphic transitions. Emulsifiers can accelerate cocoa butter nucleation and growth, with PGPR showing the smallest enhancement. Lecithin and AP have minimal effects on the polymorphic transition from form IV to V, while PGPR and CITREM promote the formation of form V crystals. Emulsifiers also serve as crystal structure modifiers and can retard the polymorphic transition, slowing down the formation of undesired crystal forms. The presence of emulsifiers, such as citrem, can reduce the hardness and improve the rheological properties of reduced fat dark chocolate. Overall, emulsifiers play a crucial role in controlling the crystallization and rheology of chocolate.