What will happen to the hatchability of zebrafish exposed to plant extract?4 answersExposure of zebrafish embryos to plant extracts can impact their hatchability. Studies on various plant extracts like Christia vespertilionis, Eryngium foetidum, Graptophyllum pictum, Momordica charantia, and Labisia pumilarevealed that higher concentrations of these extracts reduced hatchability. The extracts caused delays in development, altered hatching times, and even complete lack of hatching at elevated concentrations. This effect was observed to be concentration-dependent, with adverse impacts on the early stages of zebrafish development. Therefore, exposure to certain plant extracts can significantly affect the hatchability of zebrafish embryos, indicating a potential toxicity concern at higher concentrations.
How MDA serves as a biomarker for toxicity in fish liver?4 answersMalondialdehyde (MDA) is utilized as a biomarker for toxicity in fish liver due to its association with lipid peroxidation. Exposure to contaminants like 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB) and phthalates induces a significant increase in MDA levels in fish liver, indicating oxidative stress and potential toxicity. Studies on microplastic exposure demonstrate elevated MDA levels in fish liver, reflecting oxidative damage and activation of detoxifying mechanisms. The measurement of MDA, along with antioxidant enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, and GPx, provides insights into the extent of oxidative stress and the response to toxicants in fish liver. Therefore, MDA serves as a valuable indicator of oxidative damage and toxicity in fish liver, aiding in the assessment of environmental contaminants' impact on aquatic organisms.
Why protein content in liver did not reach normal concentration even after treatment with extract in fish?5 answersThe protein content in the liver of fish did not reach normal concentrations even after treatment with extracts due to the significant hepatic alterations caused by the extract ingestion, leading to slight but statistically significant damages in the liver. Additionally, exposure to cyanobacterial crude extract resulted in liver dysfunction, with changes in key hepatic enzymes and energy metabolism, including decreased protein concentration in plasma. Furthermore, exposure to crude cyanobacterial extracts led to severe impairment in the liver of crucian carp, indicated by substantial increases in enzyme activities and marked changes in energy-related biomolecules in the plasma. These combined effects of extract exposure on liver function and protein metabolism likely contributed to the failure to restore normal protein concentrations in the liver of the treated fish.
Amelioration of SOD, CAT, GPx levels affected by cadmium in liver of fish by plant extracts4 answersPlant extracts have shown potential in ameliorating the levels of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) affected by cadmium in the liver of fish. Studies have demonstrated that exposure to cadmium leads to oxidative stress and a decrease in the activity of these antioxidant enzymes in fish liver. However, plant extracts such as Catharanthus roseus (CR) extract and Punica granatum flower extract (PG) have been found to have protective effects against cadmium-induced liver damage by enhancing the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx. These extracts have shown the ability to counteract the oxidative damage caused by cadmium exposure, thereby potentially restoring the levels of these crucial antioxidant enzymes in the liver of fish.
What are the recent papers on heavy metal contamination in tilapia fish in Bangladesh?5 answersHeavy metal contamination in tilapia fish in Bangladesh has been the focus of recent research. Studies have found that fish samples from various regions in Bangladesh, including urban, peri-urban, rural areas, and the Dhaleswari River, have shown high levels of heavy metal contamination. The heavy metals detected in these fish samples include chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The concentrations of these heavy metals in fish have been found to exceed the maximum allowable levels set by international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This indicates a potential health risk for humans consuming contaminated tilapia fish in Bangladesh. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of these heavy metals in fish have also been found to be high, indicating a high potential for these metals to accumulate in fish tissues. Continuous consumption of contaminated fish from these areas may lead to serious health complications.
What are the results of research done on the concentration of Pb in Tilapia zilli?5 answersResearch on the concentration of Pb in Tilapia zilli revealed that the fish accumulated heavy metals, including Pb, in their tissues. The concentration of Pb in the effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate treatment plant was found to be above the permissible level of discharge. In the liver and gills of Tilapia zilli collected from Kafinchiri water Reservoir, the accumulation of Pb was detected, with concentrations ranging from 2.7μg/g to 9.6μg/g in the liver. In the downstream liquid habitat of Tenggang river, where the accumulation of HMs was higher, T. Zilli showed higher induction of metallothioneins (MTs) in the liver, indicating the accumulation of Pb. In the Farfazai pond in Kano city, Nigeria, the gills of Tilapia zilli contained higher concentrations of Pb ions compared to the pond water samples. Overall, these studies demonstrate that Tilapia zilli can accumulate Pb in their tissues, indicating the potential health risks associated with consuming fish from polluted bodies of water.