Are mine tailing complex for alkali activation and application in wastewater treatment?5 answersMine tailings can be challenging for alkali activation due to their low reactivity under alkaline conditions, necessitating pretreatment methods to enhance their suitability for solidification/stabilization. However, alkali activation shows promise in immobilizing harmful heavy metals within the structure of mine tailings, making them suitable for applications in wastewater treatment. Various studies have explored the use of alkali activation to stabilize mine tailings, with findings indicating that the addition of activating solutions like calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate can improve the immobilization efficiency of sulfates, arsenic, and other harmful elements. Additionally, the formation of amorphous hydroxides through an alkali suspension approach has shown to efficiently remove and reclaim trace metals from mine tailing leachates, making it a viable option for wastewater treatment.
How does activated sludge affect the treatment of wastewater?4 answersActivated sludge plays a crucial role in the treatment of wastewater. It enhances the removal efficiency of pollutants such as organic compounds, nutrients, and toxic substances. The addition of activated sludge to the wastewater treatment process can improve the stability and microbial activity of the biological processes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It also helps in the removal of emerging organic pollutants present in the wastewater. The properties of activated sludge, such as viscosity, settleability, and nitrification reaction, significantly impact the oxygen transfer efficiency in the treatment process. The combination of activated sludge with other treatment technologies, such as activated carbon, can further enhance the removal efficiency of pollutants. Overall, activated sludge is a versatile and effective component in wastewater treatment, contributing to the successful removal of contaminants and ensuring the quality of treated effluents.
Is the activated sludge the unique method for wastewater treatment?4 answersThe activated sludge is a commonly used method for wastewater treatment. However, there are other methods as well. One method involves treating wastewater in an activated sludge process followed by a sedimentation step for separation of sludge and treated effluent water. Another method includes adding the wastewater or sludge to a reactor and mixing it with a stream to decrease the ratio of alkalinity to ammonium, thereby decreasing pH. Additionally, a technology has been developed to enhance the settling properties of activated sludge by removing poor settling floc, which can easily be integrated into current wastewater treatment infrastructure. Furthermore, the addition of probiotics, such as Saccharomyces yeast and bacteria strains, has shown promise in treating aquatic wastewater with high salinity. Therefore, while the activated sludge method is widely used, there are alternative methods and technologies available for wastewater treatment.
How does electron beam ionizing radiation affect the treatment of industrial wastewater?5 answersElectron beam ionizing radiation has been shown to be effective in the treatment of industrial wastewater. It can degrade harmful organic compounds that are difficult to remove using conventional methods. The electron beam generates oxidizing and reducing radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals, which can oxidize and degrade pollutants in the water. The electron beam treatment has been applied to various water matrices, including secondary effluent, granular activated carbon effluent, and ultrapure water, with high removal rates observed. The technology has been implemented for municipal and textile industry wastewater treatment, and its availability in different operation parameters makes it applicable for different end-users. Electron beam irradiation can also be used for the degradation and detoxification of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, improving water quality. There is ongoing research and development to increase the productivity of electron beam water treatment for large-scale applications.
Why is aeration necessarry in intensive composting?1 answersAeration is necessary in intensive composting because it ensures the growth of adequate aerobic microbe populations, stabilizes and transforms waste into a soil treatment, and minimizes odor and phytotoxicity problems in composts produced. Aeration rates significantly affect the physicochemical indexes of compost, including O2 content, water content, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen loss. It also affects ammonia emissions, which increase at high temperatures due to nitrogen loss. Optimizing the ventilation method can significantly increase seed germination rate. Aeration mechanisms and systems, such as aeration beds and composting systems, facilitate the aeration and/or drying of organic matter, materials, or biomass during the composting process. The invention of a cutting-type aeration compost method improves compost uniformity, porosity, oxygen utilization rate, and heat distribution, reducing energy consumption, composting time, and operation difficulty. Detachable air supplying devices on compost sheds control required conditions for fermenting compost and allow for easy installation, management, and maintenance.
What is biomass in activated sludge process?14 answers