Showing papers on "Abdominal obesity published in 1988"

Muscle and Adipose Tissue Morphology and Metabolism in Cushing's Syndrome*

Abstract: Femoral and abdominal adipose tissue cellularity and metabolism as well as muscle morphology and metabolism were examined in women with Cushing’s syndrome and compared with those in nonobese women and obese women with the android and gynoid types of fat distribution. Cushing’s syndrome was characterized by abdominal obesity and enlarged abdominal fat cells, with adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity elevated 2–3 times that in normal women and low lipolytic capacity. Muscle tissue in women with Cushing’s syndrome had a relatively low proportion of type I (30%) and a high proportion of type IIB (32%) muscle fibers, similar to those in android obesity (45% and 25%, respectively) and in contrast to fiber composition in gynoid obesity (55% and 12%, respectively). Glycogen synthase activity in the lateral vastus muscle was very low. We suggest that the enlargement of abdominal fat depots in women with Cushing’s syndrome is at least partially due to elevated adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity and low lip...

Relationship of Body Fat Distribution Pattern to Atherogenic Risk Factors in NIDDM: Preliminary Results

Abstract: Because recent knowledge indicates that the distribution of fat deposits in men may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the degree of obesity alone, some risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated in 51 middle-aged men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Abdominal adiposity (waist/hip ratio, WHR) was related to parameters of metabolic control, lipid parameters, and known vascular complications in three different groups. In groups with abdominal obesity, mean annual hemoglobin A1 was significantly (P less than .01) higher than in patients without an abdominal fat distribution. Atherogenic index was significantly increased in the group with the highest WHR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels were significantly decreased in both groups with upper-body fat distribution. The frequency of peripheral vascular disease, coronary ischemic heart disease, and hypertension was most prominent in diabetic subjects with an abdominal fat mass distribution. A highly significant (P less than .001) correlation was present between WHR and HDL-chol and WHR and the total-cholesterol/HDL-chol ratio; this significant correlation remains after correction for body mass index. A similar correlation could be found between WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. These results demonstrate an association of excess abdominal fat, even without manifest obesity, with worse diabetes metabolic control, cardiovascular complications, and blood lipid levels actually considered to play an important role in atherogenesis.

Regional differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in relation to body fat distribution and menopausal status in obese women.

Abstract: Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined in the abdominal and femoral regions in 25 pre- and 25 post-menopausal obese women, matched for body mass index and fat distribution. LPL activity was not different in pre- and post-menopausal women. Regional differences of the same magnitude were observed in pre- and post-menopausal women with femoral obesity. Such differences were not found in women with abdominal obesity either pre- or post-menopausal. Furthermore the abdominal/femoral ratio of LPL activity was positively correlated (P less than 0.05) to waist/hip ratio, independently of age, body mass index, fat cell size ratio and menopausal status. These data indicate that in obese women the regional differences in LPL activity are related to body fat distribution. The menopausal status does not seem to be a sufficient and necessary condition to abolish the typical female regional differences in LPL activity in adipose tissue from obese women.

Are regional metabolic differences of adipose tissue responsible for different risks of obesity

Abstract: Recent research has shown that statistical correlation of disease is usually stronger to abdominal distribution of adipose tissue than to obesity. Abdominal distribution of adipose tissue in women is associated to other male characteristics of muscle tissue mass and morphology, as well as signs of androgenicity in circulating hormones. Abdominal adipose tissue is sensitive to lipolytic stimuli. It might be considered that the endocrine aberrations in combination with elevated concentrations of circulating free fatty acids might cause the complications associated with abdominal obesity.

Hypertension in obese and non-obese non-insulin dependent diabetics a matter of regional adiposity?

Abstract: There is growing evidence that differences in fat distribution can be predictive for differences in the prevalence of metabolic disturbances, cardio-vascular disease, stroke and death, independent of commonly used indices of obesity. This study evaluates regional body fat distribution as a possible main reason for hypertension in obese and non-obese type II diabetics. 42% of normal weight diabetics with abdominal obesity are hypertensive versus 47% of obese diabetics; only 5% hypertension could be found when a lower body segment fat distribution is present. A significant (p less than 0.001) correlation exists between fat mass topography and both systolic (r = 0.49) and diastolic (r = 0.49) blood pressure. This correlation remains true after correction for body mass index and percent glycosylated hemoglobin. These results suggest that localization of fat in the upper body segment should be considered as a additive risk for hypertension.