Showing papers on "Abductive reasoning published in 1987"

Reasoning About Change: Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract: Reasoning About Change presents a comprehensive approach to temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence.

Found ations of assumption-based truth maintenance systems: preliminary report

Abstract: In this paper we (1) define the concept of a Clause Management System (CMS) -- a generalization of de Kleer's ATMS, (2) motivate such systems in terms of efficiency of search and abductive reasoning, and (3) characterize the computation affected by a CMS in terms of the concept of prime implicants.

A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses

Abstract: A general problem-solving mechanism is described that is especially suited for performing a particular form of abductive inference, or best explanation finding. A problem solver embodying this mechanism synthesizes composite hypotheses by combining simple hypotheses to satisfy explanatory goals. These simple hypotheses are formed by instantiating prestored explanatory "concepts." In this way the problem solver is able to arrive at complex integrated conclusions which are not prestored. A computationally feasible task-specific problem-solving mechanism is presented for a particular information-processing task which is, nevertheless, of very great generality. The task is that of synthesizing coherent composite explanatory hypotheses based upon a prestored and possibly vast collection of hypothesis-generating concepts. This is seemingly a common task of intelligence and potentially a major component of diagnostic reasoning, especially where single-fault assumptions are inappropriate. The mechanism is described both functionally and structurally; that is, the why and what of the main computations are described, together with algorithms that show how each of these computations can be accomplished. The mechanism integrates a classification machine, used for selecting plausible hypotheses, with a specialized means-ends machine, used for assembling a best explanation from the plausible hypotheses thus selected and for pointedly investigating alternative explanations. There are also two other specialized mechanisms for the subsidiary functions of recognizing the applicability of a hypothesis to the situation and of interpreting the situation-specific raw data to satisfy the informational needs of the other components.

Legal reasoning in 3-D

Abstract: This article contains a theory of normative defeasible reasoning based on the modal deontic logic 3-D. The concept of “relative weight” between competing norms is defined, and 3-D is used to formalize two types of legal reasoning (“subsumptive” and “means/end”). A general overview is given of a PROLOG program, 3dpr, that implements the 3-D based theory of normative reasoning.

An expert system approach to diagnosis of product quality deviations

Abstract: The diagnostic task of relating observed product quality data to operating parameters involves mapping from magnitude and directional changes in product quality attributes to explanatory changes in operating parameters. Working knowledge is typically in the form of individual parameter-product quality relationships. Thus, the predominant diagnostic task is one of assembling an overall hypothesis about changes in operating parameters from relationships which offer pieces of explanatory information. This kind of inferencing is referred to generically as Abductive Inference, where, given observed data, an explanation is found which best accounts for the data. A computational structure which captures general aspects of this type of reasoning is hypothesis assembly in which interacting hypothesis parts are combined to form an overall explanatory hypothesis.

Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop: Proceedings of a Workshop Held in St. Louis, Missouri on April 21-23, 1987

Abstract: : Contents: Semantically Sound Inheritance for a Formally Defined Frame Language with Defaults; Module-Oriented Programming in ABE: Modules and Datatypes; Annual Report of the Experimental Knowledge Systems Laboratory; On Making Expert Systems More Like Experts; The Loom Knowledge Representation Language; A Framework for Situation Assessment: Using Best-Explanation Reasoning to Infer Plans from Behavior; Concurrency in Abductive Reasoning; an Experiment in Knowledge-Based Signal Understanding Using Parallel Architectures; An Instrumented Architectural Simulation System; Considerations for Multiprocessor Topologies; RUM: A Layered Architecture for Reasoning with Uncertainty; Progress in Reasoning with Incomplete and Uncertain Information Part I: Reasoning with Uncertainty ; Part II: Analogical Reasoning; Part III: Reasoning with Incomplete Information; An Algebraic Foundation for Truth Maintenance; Logics of Justified Belief; Using T-norm Based Uncertainty Calculi in a Naval Situation Assessment Application; A role for Assumption Based and Nonmonotonic; Justifications in Automating Strategic Threat Analysis, and A Mathematical Theory for Diagnosis Based on the MONAD Concept.