Showing papers on "African studies published in 1988"
TL;DR: The value of ethnic categorization, as a means of looking at Africa's past, has recently come under critical scrutiny as mentioned in this paper, as it is becoming increasingly aware that many of the ethnic divisions that are today a concrete reality did not exist in a conceptual form, before the end of the nineteenth century.
Abstract: Part of the process of 'modernization' in Africa entailed the classification of detail into manageable units. People who were recognized in Europe as 'experts' in specific fields descended on the continent in order to draw up borders and boundaries that were, because of their grounding in science, conceived of as objective. With an unshakable belief in positivism, the philosophy linking science with improvement, the nineteenth century industrial bourgeoisie believed these categories to be givens that were as historically discrete as they were incontrovertible. What they produced was a concept of the world rendered neat, well-ordered and understandable by the natural and human sciences. Homogeneity replaced heterogeneity; unity and reason replaced disunity and confusion. This belief in the modernizing rationality of science was strongly to structure the way in which future generations made sense of African society. As part of this epistemological revolution, experts in linguistics and ethnography classified the population of Africa into different groups. Defined by scientific enquiry, these ethnic groups became the basic unit of analysis of historians and other social scientists involved in African studies. However, the value of ethnic categorization, as a means of looking at Africa's past, has recently come under critical scrutiny. Historians are becoming increasingly aware that many of the ethnic divisions that are today a concrete reality did not exist, even in a conceptual form, before the end of the nineteenth century.3 But, while a growing
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, technology, ethnicity and ideology: basotho miners and shaft-sinking on the South African gold mines are discussed. But they do not consider the role of women in the mining process.
Abstract: (1988). Technology, ethnicity and ideology: basotho miners and shaft‐sinking on the South African gold mines. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, Culture and Consciousness in Southern Africa, pp. 257-278.
60 citations
TL;DR: The Zimbabwean war of liberation: struggles within the struggle as mentioned in this paper is a seminal work in the field of Southern African studies. But it is not a complete account of the entire war.
Abstract: (1988). The Zimbabwean war of liberation: struggles within the struggle. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, Culture and Consciousness in Southern Africa, pp. 304-322.
53 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988TL;DR: In this article, the second edition of the second book, the authors present a collection of illustrations from the first edition of this book, illustrated with illustrations from both the first and the second editions.
Abstract: List of illustrations Acknowledgements Note on the second edition 1. Prologue 2. Economy and society, 1880-1940 3. Government and politics, 1880-1940 4. Culture and religion, 1880-1940 5. Economy and society, 1940-85 6. Government and politics, 1940-85 7. Culuture and religion, 1940-85 8. Democracy and dependence, 1985-95 9. Epilogue Bibliographical essay Index.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, family, crime and political consciousness on the East Rand, 1939-1955, were discussed, with a focus on South African families and their relationships with crime.
Abstract: (1988). Family, crime and political consciousness on the East Rand, 1939–1955. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 393-420.
41 citations
TL;DR: The Bantu World and the origins of a captive African commercial press in South Africa are discussed in this paper, with a focus on the early 20th century Bantus.
Abstract: (1988). Bantu World and the origins of a captive African commercial press in South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 351-370.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the roots of a long-established tradition of state anti-street trader policies are examined, and the post-1976 policy shift from repression to tolerance of street traders is highlighted.
Abstract: Within South African studies there has emerged a school of "urban research from below" stressing studies of the world of and economic existence of the "ordinary" or "common people" in the city. The present paper constitutes an exploration of the historical geography of the urban informal sector in South Africa, investigating the underdevelopment and changing complexion of street trading activities. The roots of a long-established tradition of state anti-street trader policies are examined, and the post-1976 policy shift from repression to tolerance of street traders is highlighted. The pattern of successes and failures of attempts by communities of black hawkers to invade areas ostensibly declared to be "white" urban space are chronicled.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the works of Charles Van Onselen and Belinda Bozzoli are treated in considerable detail because they represent the "social historical" perspective, and both the structuralist and social historical variants are analyzed in terms of their historical methods.
Abstract: Marxism has evolved as the dominant intellectual perspective in South Africa, replacing South African liberalism, because liberalism has failed to acknowledge the connection between capitalism and apartheid. But the emergent Marxist paradigm was divided into two distinct poles: the "structuralists" and the "social historians." The tension between these two alternative perspectives has pervaded a number of sub-fields, including studies of rural relations, labour and social movements, and class and culture. The works of Charles Van Onselen and Belinda Bozzoli are treated in considerable detail because they represent the "social historical" perspective. Both the "structuralist" and "social historical" variants are analyzed in terms of their historical methods.
22 citations
TL;DR: The power house, prison house, and its use in the Nazareth Baptist Church are discussed in this article. But the use of the power house is not discussed in this paper.
Abstract: (1988). Power house, prison house — an oral genre and its use in Isaiah Shembe's Nazareth Baptist church. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, Culture and Consciousness in Southern Africa, pp. 204-227.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse the impact of l'Eglise on the premiers sentiments nationalistes and the mouvements politiques in Angola, and propose quelques reflexions theoriques sur la relation entre les missions and le nationalisme.
Abstract: L'histoire du nationalisme angolais est etroitement liee a l'histoire des Eglises et missions chretiennes. Au cours de la periode coloniale, l'Eglise fut une institution politique et sociale. L'A. analyse l'impact de l'Eglise sur les premiers sentiments nationalistes et les mouvements politiques en Angola. Son objectif est de montrer comment l'Eglise a encourage et a la fois empeche le developpement d'une culture anti-coloniale et nationaliste. Avant, il propose quelques reflexions theoriques sur la relation entre les missions et le nationalisme
TL;DR: McAdoo and the Virginia Jubilee singers in South Africa 1890-1898 as discussed by the authors described a feeling of prejudice, which they attributed to the racism of the South African population.
Abstract: (1988). ’A feeling of prejudice’. Orpheus M. McAdoo and the Virginia Jubilee singers in South Africa 1890–1898. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 331-350.
TL;DR: The above quotation from a prominent South African theologian seems eminently applicable to a country where the system of apartheid has given rise to theologies which are either strongly supportive of or sharply antagonistic to the status quo as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The above quotation from a prominent South African theologian seems eminently applicable to a country where the system of apartheid has given rise to theologies, which are either strongly supportive of or sharply antagonistic to the status quo. Indeed, at the present juncture one can hardly think of another country, where theology is so passionately engaged in as South Africa. The reason is that there are few places where oppression is so evident, where the oppressed are so capabele of speaking for themselves, where religion is such a prominent social and political factor, and where the stakes on both sides are so high. Although the main divide in South Africa is that between proapartheid and anti-apartheid theologies, this is not what the present paper will be about. Not that the topic in itself is unimportant. On the contrary, it is of vital importance, but it is unlikely that discussing it at this point would yield much in the way of fresh insights. Anybody familiar with the South African churches knows more or less what the theological arguments pro and contra apartheid are, and those arguments have not changed substantially over the years. What has changed is the number of their practitioners and adherents, considering which it is to be noted that anti-apartheid
TL;DR: In this article, Bogumil Jewsiewicki et al. present a Requiem for Africanism, a collection of essays on the history of Africa, focusing on the role of the oral tradition in the development of African history.
Abstract: Introduction - Bogumil Jewsiewicki One Historiography or Several? A Requiem for Africanism PART ONE: THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF AFRICAN STUDIES African Historians and Africanist Historians - Ndayel E Nziem Knowledge and Perceptions of the African Past - Jan Vansina Epistemological Ethnocentrism in African Studies - Wyatt MacGaffey PART TWO: THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ORAL DISCOURSE Profile of a Historiography - Henri Moniot Oral Tradition and Historical Research in Africa The Past in the Present - Jean Bazin Notes on Oral Archaeology Confronting the Unequal Exchange of the Oral and the Written - J P Cretien African History and the Rule of Evidence - David Henige Is Declaring Victory Enough? Afterthoughts on the Historiography of Oral Tradition - Jan Vansina PART THREE: AFRICA FROM THE OUTSIDE: FROM IMPERIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY TO AFRICANIST HISTORIOGRAPHY The Idea of Progress in the Revision of African History, 1960-1970 - Caroline Neale Decolonization in Africa - Michael Twaddle A New British Historiographical Debate? Africanist Historiography in France and Belgium - Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch and Bogumil Jewsiewicki Tradition and Trends Africanist Historical Studies in the United States - David Newbury Metamorphosis or Metastasis? The Historiography of South Africa - Shula Marks Recent Developments PART FOUR: AFRICA FROM WITHIN: NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHIES Nigerian Academic Historians - E J Alagoa Nigeria - Paul E Lovejoy The Ibadan School and its Critics Marxian Method and Historical Process in Contemporary Ethiopia - Robert S Love Senegalese Historiography - Mohamed Mbodj and Mamadou Diouf Present Practices and Future Perspectives The Development of Sengalese Historiography - Martin A Klein Historical Research in Zaire - Mumbanza Wa Bawele and Sabakinu Kivilu Present Status and Future Perspectives PART FIVE: WHICH WAY OUT? TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPING HISTORIOGRAPHY OF AFRICA The Method of 'Histoire Immediate" - Benoit Verhaegen Its Application to Africa Dar es Salaam and the Postnationalist Historiography of Africa - Henry Slater Populist Political Action - Jean-Francois Bayart Historical Understanding and Political Analysis in Africa Toward a Responsible African Historiography - Christophe Wondji
TL;DR: In this paper, farm labour, agrarian capital and the state in colonial Zambia: the African Labour Corps, 1942-52, and the African National Congress (ANCC) were discussed.
Abstract: (1988). Farm Labour, agrarian capital and the state in colonial Zambia: the African Labour Corps, 1942–52. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 371-392.
TL;DR: In this paper, the critique of Mary Kingsley's role in mission education in colonial Africa is discussed. But the critique is restricted to a specific context: Africa's history of education.
Abstract: (1988). Missionary education in colonial Africa: the critique of Mary Kingsley. History of Education: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 283-294.
TL;DR: The authors discusses the existing literature on the development of women's wage labour in Africa and the issues it raises in terms of the double-day and the emergence of a segregated labour market, and suggests that if we wish to develop an adequate labour history which incorporates a labour history of women, it is necessary to look outside the boundaries of 'formal' labour history.
Abstract: This article begins with a discussion of the issues which have dominated different perspectives within African labour history: the existence of a 'target' labour force; the issue of the 'commitment' of the industrial labour force; and, from a different theoretical position, the particular significance of the southern African contract labour force and the 'labour aristocracy' debate. The concentration upon these issues is placed against the colonial and post-colonial trends in African economies and the ideological assumptions of the existing approaches to African labour history. Labour history in Africa has focused on men's labour because it has concentrated upon wage labour, a labour market in which only a small proportion of African women participate. The article discusses the existing literature on the development of women's wage labour in Africa and the issues it raises in terms of the 'double' day and the emergence of a segregated labour market. It goes on to suggest that if we wish to develop an adequate labour history which incorporates a labour history of women, it is necessary to look outside the boundaries of 'formal' labour history. Firstly, it is necessary to focus on studies of women's household labour in the peasant economies of West Africa and on the migrant labour, 'native reserve' economies of southern Africa. Secondly, it is necessary to examine the literature on the development of petty commodity production in African societies in order to determine the place of women within the 'informal' sector. This places in context the relatively sparse literature on the manner in which women have been incorporated into the wage labour force and suggests the appropriate direction for African labour history.
Book•
01 Jan 1988
01 Jan 1988
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The Languages of African Literature African Literature for Whom? The Question of Audience The Making of a Literary Tradition Realisms, African Reality and the African Past African Literature, Literature Engagee Negritude and the Critics Bibliography Index.
Abstract: The Languages of African Literature African Literature for Whom? The Question of Audience The Making of a Literary Tradition Realisms, African Reality, and the African Past African Literature, Literature Engagee Negritude and the Critics Bibliography Index
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A survey of the evidence from three countries reveals no certain pattern, but suggests the emergence of practices of "diarchy-tension-laden cooperation-between party and government and between courts and administration as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Africa's present circumstances of economic adversity may offer new opportunities for democratization, as a result of the decline of state direction of economies, a rise of class-based pluralism and the use of legal-institutional means for criticisms and participation. This paper investigates the responses to economic decline of a sampling of African political commentators, 1980-1985, and reports of the uses of institutional means of participation, 1981-1986. A survey of the evidence from three countries reveals no certain pattern, but suggests the emergence of practices of "diarchy"-tension-laden cooperation-between party and government and between courts and administration.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical reformulation to modify Marxist theory into a Marxian approach which accounts for the impact of the world capitalist economy on the masses of the African population is presented.
Abstract: Applying Marxist categories to Africa has always posed problems most particularly when dealing with the self-employed. Most sub-Saharan countries have populations who are mostly self-employed in various capacities, and yet the focus of most African labor history has been on wage earners, following the traditional Marxist perspective regarding the emergence of a proletariat. Not coincidentally, such a focus has also eliminated from consideration the class position of most women and most agricultural laborers. Petty commodity production tends to be overlooked or regarded as transient, and yet it has been growing at a rapid rate. This paper attempts a theoretical reformulation to modify Marxist theory into a Marxian approach which accounts for the impact of the world capitalist economy on the masses of the African population. It is heavily influenced by socialist feminist analyses which view the household as a power structure allocating labor and resources, and by studies of small African entepreneurs and the social impact of development projects.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the Second African Conference edited by Kirsten Holst Peterson; Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala, 1988; pp 223, price not mentioned, and
Abstract: Criticism and Ideology: Second African Conference edited by Kirsten Holst Peterson; Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala, 1988; pp 223, price not mentioned.
TL;DR: The business of business: an analysis of the political behaviour of the South African manufacturing sector under the nationalists is presented in this article, with a focus on the role of women in the manufacturing sector.
Abstract: (1988). The business of business: an analysis of the political behaviour of the South African manufacturing sector under the nationalists. Journal of Southern African Studies: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 421-445.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Pfaff as mentioned in this paper looks at the new capitals being planned by Africa and compares them with the ones being planned in South Africa and the USA, and concludes that Africa is the most promising continent.
Abstract: D Pfaff of the Department of African Studies, University of Stellenbosch, looks at the new capitals being planned by Africa.