Showing papers on "Anisakis published in 1978"

Anisakis and anisakiasis

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the literature on Anisakis, including use of the nematode as a biological tag in applied fishery science. The genetic diagnosis of Anisakis is presented as: three lips, each bearing a bilobed anterior projection, which carries the single dentigerous ridge; interlabia absent; excretory gland with duct opening between ventrolateral lips; oesophagus with anterior muscular portion (preventriculus) and posterior ventriculus, the latter being oblong and sometimes sigmoid or as broad as long; no oesophageal appendix or intestinal caecum; vulva in middle or first third of body; spicules of male unequal; preanal papillae numerous; postanal papillae including a group of three or four pairs set close to the tip of the tail on the ventral side. While euphausiids appear to be important crustacean hosts of Anisakis at least in offshore areas, further is required to show other crustaceans to be significant, possibly in inshore waters. Further investigation may show squid to be of greater significance in the transmission of Anisakis to final hosts than the literature indicates, bearing in mind the importance of squid in the diet of many cetacean species. Several aspects of development remain obscure. In view of the taxonomic importance of the “excretory system” in ascaridoid nematodes, its physiological functions are poorly understood; Anisakis may prove to be a useful experimental model for investigation of these functions. With regard to accidental infection of man with Anisakis, further study might be made of a possible allergic predisposition to severe gastrointestinal reaction.

Anisakis and Eosinophil. I. Detection of a Soluble Factor Selectively Chemotactic for Eosinophils in the Extract From Anisakis Larvae

Abstract: Studies were undertaken in order to determine if Anisakis larva itself has the ability to attract eosinophils. Extracts from Anisakis larvae were examined for both neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic activities with both in vitro and in vitro assay systems. When the soluble extract was injected intradermally into normal guinea pigs, a profound accumulation of eosinophils was observed at the injection site. The cells started to accumulate at the site within 1 hr and the number of eosinophils at the site reached its peak at 8 hr after the injection of the extract. Such eosinophilic accumulation was enhanced in a dose-response fashion over the range of 0.5 to 50 µg protein. The strong chemotactic activity of the Anisakis extract for eosinophils was confirmed when in vitro chemotaxis assays were performed with Boyden chemotactic chambers. Interestingly, no chemotactic activity for neutrophils was found at those concentrations of the extract with which the eosinophil effect was observed. These results indicate that the factor described here, in addition to the various known immunologic factors, may play an important role in the development of eosinophilia in anisakiasis.

Long‐term survey data (1965‐1972) on the occurrence of Anisakis larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) in herring, Clupea harengus L., from the North Sea

Abstract: The occurrence of larval Anisakis in North Sea herring was examined during the period 1965-1972 using a sampling method which yielded comparable data for all eight years. Data on abundance of infestation in several herring stocks pointed to remarkable fluctuations over the study period with an increase in the period 1966-1968 followed by a decrease in the period 1968-1972. Of various hypotheses that may explain this situation, it is concluded that changes in the migration behaviour of the herring may be responsible. Other data and statistics are discussed with special reference to variations in infestation level in different samples and to the occurrence of adult nematodes in marine mammals.

The Occurrence of Larval Anisakid Nematodes in small Gadoids from Scottish Waters

Abstract: Larval anisakid nematodes are among the most abundant helminth parasites of commercially exploited marine fish in the North-East Atlantic. Consequently, the biology of Anisakis and Phocanema in commercially sized fish from the North-East Atlantic has been quite extensively studied in recent years (see for example Davey, 1972; Rae, 1972; Young, 1972; Platt, 1975). There is, however, little available information on the occurrence of larval anisakids in small fish or species not used for human consumption. This is an important gap in our knowledge since information on the infection of such fish will increase our understanding of the circulation of these parasites within the marine environment and the levels of infection in commercial species.

Larvae of Anisakidae in marine fish of coastal waters near Jakarta, Indonesia.

Abstract: Three species of marine fish were collected from the waters around Seribu Islands, near Jakarta, Indonesia, and examined for nematode larvae of the family Anisakidae. Larvae were found in 719 (49%) of 1.459 Rastrelliger kanagurta, 445 (50%) of 884 Decapterus russelli, and 217 (41%) of 531 Sardinella sirm. Larvae from a subsample of 150 infected fish, 44 R. kanagurta, 86 D. russelli, and 20 S. sirm, were examined microscopically and only Anisakis type I and Terranova type B larvae were found. In all three species of fish the Anisakis larvae predominated. The Anisakis larvae found in these fish are a potential source of infection for humans in Indonesia; however, human anisakiasis has not yet been reported from this country.

Study on the helminthiasis of Rutilus frisii katum from the South Caspian Sea.

Abstract: Four different species of helminths: Anisakis spp. Diplozoon paradoxum, Aspidogaster limacoides and Asymphylodera kubanicum were found in 1.4%, 28%, 15% and 5% of 140 Rutilus frisii katum from the south Caspian Sea respectively. Generally, the number of worms collected was low and cannot be considered pathogenic to examined fish.

Helminths of the Alimentary Tract from a Stranded Herd of the Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus

Abstract: Six species of helminths were collected from the gut of 37 Lagenorhynchus acutus. The following are new host–parasite records: Pholeter gastrophilus, Oschmarinella laevicaecum, Tetrabothrius forsteri, Anisakis sp., and Bolbosoma sp. Stenurus globicephalae was also found. Prevalence for O. laevicaecum was 49% and for T. forsteri 78%. Key words: Atlantic dolphins, digenea trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, acanthocephala, biological tags

Survey on Anisakid larvae in marine fish from fish markets in Jakarta.

Abstract: Anisakid parasites were found in fish commonly sold in the markets of Jakarta. The larvae found were Anisakis type I and Terranova type B. The rate of infection of these two different Anisakid larvae infecting different species of fish was discussed. To date, no human infection has as yet reported in Indonesia. This may be due to the fact that Indonesians do not usually eat raw fish.