Showing papers on "Antecedent (grammar) published in 1995"

Enduring Involvement with Shopping

Abstract: The concept of involvement with respect to shopping was explored. A test to distinguish enduring versus situational involvement with shopping was developed and administered to a representative sample of 712 French adults. Four dimensions of involvement were defined: leisure, economic, social, and apathetic. Two sets of variables, sociodemographics and locus of control, were tested as potential antecedent conditions to enduring involvement. The results confirmed that enduring involvement with shopping is a four-dimensional construct, although cluster analysis yielded four different patterns of involvement with shopping that were a combination of the aforementioned dimensions.

On-line and off-line reflexive resolution in Japanese logophoric sentences

Abstract: This study investigates on-line and off-line resolution of a Japanese reflexive,jibun, for logophoric sentences, i.e., complex sentences involving a matrix verb that reflects one's point of view feelings, or state of consciousness, and for nonlogophoric sentences, i.e., complex sentences involving a subordinate adverbial clause. According to Kuroda's (1973) thesis and Chomsky's (1981) binding principle (for nonlogophoric sentences only), the reflexive in the logophoric sentences can be associated with the subject of both a matrix sentence and a subordinate sentence whereas that in the nonlogophoric sentences can only be associated with the subject of the subordinate sentence. In Experiment 1, 42 students were administered a probe-recognition task in which a probe was given for the subject either of the matrix sentence or of the subordinate sentence immediately after the end of the subordinate clause or at the end of a sentence following the matrix verb. Recognition times were faster for a matrix-subject probe than for a subordinatesubject probe regardless of the sentence type and probe position. In Experiment 2, 40 students were administered an on-line antecedent identification task in which they were required to quickly and accurately identify, when given a probe, the antecedent of the reflexive, with the probe given after the reflexive or at the end of a sentence. Regardless of the sentence type, matrix-subject was judged to be the antecedent of the reflexive more often than subordinate-subject, with the effect of probe position being negligible. An offline study required 136 students to indicate the antecedent(s) for the two types of sentence given in their entirety. No effect of sentence type was found. Findings indicate that neither Kuroda's thesis nor Chomsky's binding principle is applied when Japanese speakers parse logophoric and nonlogophoric sentences.

Negation and verb second in Breton

Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of Breton phrase structure and examines its consequences for the reformulation of the ECP in Rizzi (1990b). Particularly, I argue that subjects must be antecedent governed. I demonstrate that a number of aspects of Breton syntax, particularly subject agreement phenomena in V2 root clauses, are thus explained. In the course of the argument, I present an alternative to the standard analysis of a V2 language, in which I treat V2 not as an absolute characterization of a language containing certain rules, but rather as one relative to the instantiation of an abstract feature [Aff] (see Laka 1990) and the nature of C0 (Platzack 1986, Rizzi 1990a).

Towards an Account of Extraposition in HPSG

Abstract: This paper investigates the syntax of extraposition in the HPSG framework. We present English and German data (partly taken from corpora), and provide an analysis using lexical rules and a nonlocal dependency. The condition for binding this dependency is formulated relative to the antecedent of the extraposed phrase, which entails that no fixed site for extraposition exists. Our analysis accounts for the interaction of extraposition with fronting and coordination, and predicts constraints on multiple extraposition.

Towards an account of extraposition in HPSG

Abstract: This paper investigages the syntax of extraposition in the HPSG framework. We present English and German data (partly taken from corpora), and provide an analysis using a nonlocal dependency and lexical rules. The condition for binding the dependency is formulated relative to the antecedent of the extraposed phrase, which entails that no fixed site for extraposition exists. Our account allows to explains the interaction of extraposition with fronting and coordination, and predicts constraints on multiple extraposition.

Reflexive Resolution in Parsing Japanese Logophoric and Nonlogophoric Sentences

Abstract: This study addresses online resolution of the Japanese reflexive, jibun, for logophoric and nonlogophoric sentences in which the reflexive was manipulated to relate more often with a subject of a subordinate sentence (subordinate-subject) than with that of a matrix sentence (matrix-subject). 48 students were administered an antecedent identification task on which they were required to identify quickly and accurately the antecedent of the reflexive with a marker given to them either immediately after the end of a sentence following a matrix-verb or 4 sec. later. Despite the manipulation, the matrix-subject was predominantly judged to be the antecedent of the reflexive regardless of the sentence type. However, the subordinate-subject as the judged antecedent of the reflexive increased on the average from around 30.6% immediately after the end of the sentence to 50.1% 4 sec. later. Findings indicate that Japanese speakers are insensitive to the logophoricity involved in the reflexive sentences and a certain ...

On-line reflexive resolution in japanese causative garden path sentences

Abstract: -This study explored the time course in which lexical information in causative verbs influences the identification of the antecedent of a Japanese reflexive pronoun, jibun. Since verb information specifies that the reflexive is bound to the indirect object despite its being ordinarily associated with the subject in Japanese sentences, this requires parsers to revise the syntactic representation they had prwiously formed. 42 students were required to identify quickly the antecedent when given a marker which was placed immediately after the reflexive, immediately at the end of the sentence following a verb, or 4 sec. after the end of the sentence. Correct identification was almost nil immediately after the reflexive, increasing to 20.3% correct immediately after the end of the sentence and 52.4% correct 4 sec. after the end of the sentence. This finding indicates that the verb-control information is not used immediately when parsing sentences in which the verb occurs at the end of the sentence. Thus, the products of moment-to-moment initial syntactic computation are not immediately mapped onto the final semantic interpretations.

Correlations between the Clinical Picture and the Intentionality in Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Patients

Abstract: The results are presented of catamnestic research on 24 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia at the first clinical episode confirmed according to the ICD-10 criteria. The clinical picture rate

"the gates of hell shall not prevail against it" (matt 16:18): a study of the history of interpretation

Abstract: After mentioning the building of his Church, Jesus stated to Peter (as translated in the KJV) that “the gates of hell shall not prevail against it” (Matt 16:18). The statement, found only in Matthew’s account of the gospel, has the crucial words pylai hadou, the negated verb katischyein, and the object pronoun autes (whose antecedent is uncertain).

On antecedent contained ellipsis

Abstract: This paper argues that elliptical VPs do not necessarily present cases of VP ellipsis. Certainrelative clauses that contain elliptical VPs are analysed as instances of transitive verb phraseellipsis. A storing account of ellipsis resolution is given. Resolution of TVP ellipsis is achievedby resolving a binary relation that derives from an antecedent TVP. This avoids the problem ofantecedent containment with internal antecedents and also accounts for clause-externalantecedents. A NP scoping analysis is dispensed with. Cases of elliptical relative clauses thatare instances of antecedent contained VP ellipsis lead to a revision of quantifier storing.Considerations concerning external antecedents show shortcomings of recent accounts ofantecedent-ellipsis parallelism.

The Archetype of the House in the Great Gatsby

Abstract: Human imagination is involved in lights and shadows, in presences and absences, in doubt and certainty — man carries on the mystery to be solved: that of imagination in continuous labor, through the ages, exciting, in uninterrupted activity, the curiosity of men, avid in knowing and in revealing themselves. From the great many books addressing the study of imagination, come many doubtful assertions and uncertain negatives; nevertheless, there are some points of consensus. One of them is the impossibility of establishing rigid boundaries between reason and imagination, which does not mean to assert equality between what is rational and what is imaginary. It can be said that integration exists and, sometimes, that there is antecedent evidence of what is imaginary with its archetypal, symbolic and mythic elements.

Trust in the Distribution Channel: A Theoretical Perspective

Abstract: Contemporary institutional economics recognizes that exchange relationships are maintained by mechanisms of price, authority, and trust. Although these "process'' variables may be linked in a variety of ways, the marketing literature often assumes authority as antecedent to trust. The purpose of this paper is to suggest conditions under which trust influences authority structures. Couched in extant theory we propose a reconceptualization of the "Structure