Showing papers on "Antifungal antibiotic published in 1968"

The effect of polyene macrolides on the prostate gland and canine prostatic hyperplasia.

Abstract: Candicidin,1-2 one of the polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotics, has been known for 15 years as a poltent and effective therapeutic agent active against a wide variety of yeast and fungi, including numerous animal pathogens. Produced by a strain of Streptormyces griseus isolated in 1948, the first in vivo evaluation of candicidin3 was made in 1953. As is characteristic of all polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotics, candicidin is far less toxic by oral administration than by parenteral routes. Generally, very little, if any, absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is believed t;o occur. As a result, most clinical applications of these antibiotics are largely limited to topical use including the vaginal area. The sole oral application of these antibiotics to date has been the treatment of yeast and fungal infections of the intestinal tract. In a series of studies designed to determine the extenit anid nature of the oral toxicity of candicidin in dogs and other laboratory animals, a rather interesting observation was made. With daily oral administration of candicidin at doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight and higher for periods of 30 days and more, examinationi of different body organs at autopsy indicated that one principal reaction was an apparent reduction in the size of the prostate gland. This preliminary observation of the effect of orally administered candicidin on the prostate gland volume stimulated further investigat;ions to determine the possible effects of candicidin and related polyene macrolides on canine prostatic glandular hyperplasia. The results of these studies are reported here. In cases of old dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy, confirmed by pretreatment needle-punch biopsy at laparotomy followed by histological examination, oral treatment with a variety of tetraene, pentaene, and heptaene macrolides produced marked reductions in the texture and volume of the glands. The heptaene macrolides, candicidin and amphotericin B, in particular, produced posttreatment needle-punc:h biopsies exhibiting marked histological changes involving diminutions of gland diameters and epithelial cell heights associated with reduced congestion, granularity, and papillations. It is suggested that the polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotics as a class may be active for the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy by oral route. Materials and Methods.-Mongrel dogs, destined for the pound, preselected oil the basis of age (approximately 7-15 years) and of the possibility of the presence of prostatic glandular hyperplasia as iniitially determined by rectal palpation, were obtained for these studies. The dogs were acclimatized to kennel conditions for 7 days. Final selection for experiment was made after surgical examination by laparotomy to establish the hypertrophic condition of the prostate glands. Anesthesia was induced by myothesia (sodium secobarbital and mephenesin, 5:3). The prostate glands were exposed by a midliie abdominal inicision from the pubis to the umbilicus. The peritoneum was entered,

Zur Kenntnis von Levorin A und Candicidin

Abstract: A sample of Russian provenance of the antifungal antibiotic levorin A, containing 30,000 microbiological units of activity/mg, was shown to consist of several components. Three components, designated levorin A1, A2 and A3, were isolated and shown to be distinguishable by their partition coefficients in the system chloroform-methanol-borate buffer pH 8.4 (2:2:1). An enriched sample of the antifungal antibiotic candicidin, prepared from a commercial preparation of American provenance, showed a very similar pattern of distribution as levorin A did in 600 transfers. Levorin A2, the main component of the levorin A sample, was not distinguishable within the error limits of the applied tests, from the main component of the enriched candicidin sample.

Studies on Polyoxins, Antifungal Antibiotics

Abstract: Polyoxins, antifungal antibiotics produced by Streptomyces cacaoi var. asoensis, are consisted of many active fractions such as A, B, D, E, F, G and etc., and have antifungal activities selectively against several plant pathogenic fungi. In this paper, fungicidal activities of Polyoxins against sheath blight of rice Pellicularia sasakii (Shirai) S. Ito, and behaviours in plant tissue were investigated.Among many active fractions, D fraction was the most effective for control of this disease. In vitro, Polyoxin complex was more active than organic arsenic compounds and other fungicides against the fungus. In the pot test in greenhouse, Polyoxin complex showed the same protective effect and the same inhibitory effect on development of lesion as methanearsonic acid-ferric, ammonium salt complex. Treating on rice plants, Polyoxin complex showed about the same stability for ultra violet as those of organic arsenic compounds.By bioassay method, it was recognized that Polyoxin complex penetrated into leaves of kidney bean from back side to surface and sheaths of rice plants from surface to tissue inside. Dipping the cut end of stem of kidney bean and no wounded root of rice plant into the solution of Polyoxin complex, a remarkable amount of Polyoxin complex was found to be absorbed and translocated. Being treated by Polyoxin complex on sheaths of rice plant, no rising of active fraction of Polyoxin was observed in the upper part of no wounded sheaths or diseased sheaths of rice plants, but a remarkable amount of active fraction of Polyoxin was observed in the upper of sheaths which were injured by needle prick method. We could not obtain any definite results of penetration of Polyoxin complex into mycelium of sheath blight of rice plant.

Studies on versicolin, a new antifungal antibiotic from Aspergillus versicolor. II. Isolation and purification.

Abstract: Versicolin is a new antifungal agent isolated from the culture broth of a new strain of Aspergillus versicolor. The antibiotic is specifically active against pathogenic fungi, particularly Trichophyton rubrum which causes 90% of the skin infections occurring in Calcutta and eastern India.

Partial structure of the peptide antibiotic stendomycin as determined by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: THE antifungal antibiotic stendomycin has been isolated1 from Streptomyces antimycoticus and chemical studies have revealed that this is not a homogeneous compound but a family of closely related antibiotics which differ from each other in their fatty acid constituents2–4. On the basis of chemical evidence, structure I has recently been suggested by Bodanszky et al.5 for the chief stendomycin component. The fatty acid constituent of this tetradecapeptide lactone was further characterized as isomyristic acid2, and structure II was ascribed5 to the basic amino-acid residue B.

The constituents of glutinosin

Abstract: The antifungal antibiotic glutinosin is shown to consist essentially of a mixture of verrucarins A and B. Similar mixtures are produced by several strains of Myrothecium verrucaria and M. roridum.

Method of controlling rice blast

Abstract: Antifungal antibiotics N-329A and N-329B, having substantially the same physico-chemical properties as antibiotics nonactin and valinomycin respectively, are produced by cultivating streptomyces tsusimaensis n. sp. especially S. tsusimaensis ATCC 15141 or a mutant or variant thereof in an aqueous nutrient medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source and trace inorganic elements at 25 DEG to 32 DEG C. under aerobic, preferably submerged, conditions. A typical medium contains corn starch, soybean meal, glycerol, corn steep liquor, calcium carbonate and sodium chloride in aqueous solution of pH 7.0. Yields of antibiotic N-329A or N-329B vary with temperature, degree of aeration and duration of cultivation. The broth is clarified using a filter aid and the separated cake extracted with a solvent such as acetone. The acetone is removed, the residual crude re-extracted with petroleum ether and the extract concentrated to form crystals, which on recrystallization from acetone, give pure antibiotic N-329A. The mother liquid is further concentrated, chromatographed on alumina and eluted with petroleum ether. After evaporation of the solvent from the eluate, the residue is crystallized from acetone or methanol to give pure antibiotic N-329B. The antibiotics are active against bacteria, fungi and yeast and are particularly useful for controlling pathogenic fungus growth on plants (see Division A5). ALSO:Germicidal agricultural compositions particularly effective against phytopathogenic fungi comprise antibiotic N-329A (or the closely related antibiotic nonactin) and for antibiotic N-329 B (or the closely related antibiotic valinomycin) in admixture with a solid or liquid carrier. Optional ingredients are other germicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners or plant growth regulants. The compositions may take the form of dusts, aerosols, self-emulsifying concentrates, emulsions or wettable powders.