Showing papers on "B vitamins published in 1975"

Defined Meridic and Holidic Diets and Aseptic Feeding Procedures for Artificially Rearing the Ectoparasitoid Exeristes roborator (Fabricius)

Abstract: Diets of known chemical composition were formulated for rearing the ichneumonid ectoparasitoid, Exeristes roborator (Fabricius). The most successful holidic diet described contained 6% protein in the form of a mixture of 19 free L-amino acids, 2% carbohydrate as D-glucose, 0.25% lipids including cholesterol and 6 fatty acids, 0.25% vitamins including the B complex as well as the lipogenic growth factors choline and inositol, and 0.5% inorganic salts. Preparation of media and the development and evaluation of aseptic feeding procedures were described in detail. The most successful inert retaining agent for the diet was lipophilic Sephadex® LH-20 gel filtration media. The growth and development of E. roborator on the above diet were comparable and in some respects superior to growth and development on two lepidopterous host species, Pectinophora gossypiella (Sanders) and Gnorimoschema operculella (Zeller) used for comparison. Although development time from egg to adult was ca. 25% slower on the artificial media, a greater proportion of the population became adults and these were of equal size to host reared insects. Furthermore, populations of artificially reared parasitoids often consisted of a greater proportion of females than male in contrast to host reared populations which in this laboratory have generally consisted of a greater proportion of males. Adult females reared on the artificial media displayed normal fecundity.

Leukaemomycin, an antibiotic with antitumor activity. II. Isolation and identification

Abstract: A Streptomyces strain belonging to Streptomyces griseus (Krainsky) Waksman et Henrici 1948 sensu Hutter (1967) was found to produce the red-pigment antibiotic leukaemomycin. The antitumor active antibiotic was isolated from the culture broth and purified by ion-exchange processes. The crude base of leukaemomycin mainly consists of 4 components with biological activity. The base-complex was separated by counter-current distribution into the biological active leukaemomycins B1, B2, C, and D. The single components of leukaemomycin were compared with the anthracycline antibiotics daunomycin, dihydrodaunomycin, and adriamycin. The analytical procedures allowed to state the identity of leukaemomycin B1 with rubomycin B, leukaemomycin C with daunomycin, leukaemomycin D with dihydrodaunomycin and allowed to suggest the identity of leukaemomycin B2 with daunosaminyldaunomycin. Formulas and physicochemical data are given. Bio-assay methods are described to determine leukaemomycin B complex beside leukaemomycin C.

Malnutrition and Alcoholism–An Overview

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of malnutrition in the pathogenesis of clinical and laboratory abnormalities in alcoholism. Alcoholics with identical patterns of food and alcohol intake exhibit different biochemical and morphologic lesions, suggesting genetic and constitutional factors are of key importance. Nutritional and metabolic alterations combine to produce a decrease in cerebral oxidative metabolism in uncomplicated delirium tremens. An increase in the spinal fluid lactate-pyruvate acid ratio, in the absence of change in blood lactate, is characteristic of this state that appears following withdrawal from alcohol or less commonly, despite maintained intake of large quantities of ethanol. Persons hospitalized because of complications of alcoholism regularly exhibit clinical and/or laboratory evidence of nutritional deficiency. The common clinical abnormalities are glossitis, nutritional anemia, and peripheral neuropathy; the most frequent laboratory evidence of a deficiency is decreased circulating levels of B complex vitamins. A good correlation exists between circulating and tissue levels of vitamins, so that the alcoholic with a reduction in total body vitamin content has a concomitant decrease in vitamins in biological fluids and tissues.

Copper-Fluorine-Boron Diffusion Wood Preservative. III. Termiticidal Effect of Fluorine, Boron and F-B Complex

Abstract: Schlüsselwörter (Sachgebiete) Fluor Bor F-B Komplex Termitenwidrigkeit Nasutitermes exitiosus Eucalyptus regnans Copper-Fluorine-Boron Diffusion Wood Preservative. III. Termiticidal Effect of Fluorine, Boron and F-B Complex Summary The termiticidal effectiveness of fluorine from NaF, boron from B(OH)3 and F-B complex (with atomic ratio i.iF:iB) was determined in Eucalyptus regnans against Nasutitermes exitiosus, using a standard jar technique with specimens in contact with moist matrix material. There were indications that fluorine and boron elicit different responses from the termites in terms of eating patterns. On a mol atom basis, an apparent threshold retention value (at 5 % wood eaten) of 100 mol was indicated for both fluorine and boron. However, diffusion losses from the wood were detected and after allowing for these it seems that the actual threshold value could be considerably less. The termiticidal efficacy of the two elements on an atom for atom basis was about F = . In the complexed form at comparable mol-atom concentrations the F and B elements appeared less effective. The tentative explanation offered is that the metabolic processes in the test termites were unable to break up fluorohydroxoborates and this led to lower concentrations of free fluoride, and to a lesser extent of borate. Analysis of the specimens before and after the test showed losses of fluorine and boron. For this reason, where a method allows diffusion of components from specimens to occur, any termiticidal values must be suspect as the actual thresholds could be lower than those reported.

B-Vitamin Supplements Required for Soy Flour-Wheat Germ Diet Used in Rearing Tobacco Budworms

Abstract: Although no definitive studies have been made on the quantitative or qualitative requirements of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), for B vitamins, most insects require biotin, B12, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine as essential nutrients (House 1965). One goal in the development of the soy flour-wheat germ diet was the reduction of costs in large-scale rearing of the tobacco budworm. Since a high quality vacuum-packed wheat germ containing many of the essential B vitamins was incorporated into this diet, we determined if the Bvitamin supplement could be reduced, quantitatively and qualitatively, to reduce further the costs of rearing the tobacco budworm.

Nutritional Intake of Riboflavin

Abstract: Feeding experiments employed in early nutritional investigations very quickly forced recognition of the fact that experimental diets containing purified protein and carbohydrate plus butterfat and a good salt mixture were lacking some “essential” necessary for animal growth. The investigators found that this nutritional essential could be met by the feeding of yeast. Furthermore, they discovered that this essential was the same substance that prevented or cured beri-beri. As a result of the discovery, the customary procedure in laboratory feeding experiments was to use yeast as a source of vitamin B and to attribute to the antineuritic substance (or thiamine) whatever “vitaminic” values yeast was found to have.(37) Some years later, however, it became apparent that yeast must contain some heat-resistant growth factor in addition to the heat-labile antineuritic substance, since heated yeast was still nutritionally significant in its action. The heat-stable growth factor, discovered first in yeast, was found to be present also in milk in quantities even greater than those for thiamine. Furthermore, egg whites that contain only a trace of thiamine proved a significant source of the heat-stable splinter of the B vitamin.

Ruminant feed additive

Abstract: 1443392 Cultivating rumen microorganisms W R GRACE & CO 20 Feb 1974 7826/74 Heading C6F [ Also in Division A2] A composition for administration to ruminants is prepared by culturing, under CO 2 at 30-50‹C, microorganisms from the rumen fluid of a ruminant in an aqueous suspension of a starchcontaining concentrate feed ration, sufficiently to ensure complete in vitro adaptation to said feed ration, and collecting the adapted microorganisms to form the composition, adaptation being determined by (A) a 11 culture, on 87% concentrate feed, as defined in the Specification, with artificial saliva mix for 24 hours at 39‹C giving # 0.05 mg/ ml 1-lactic acid or (B) an 111 culture on 87% concentrate feed with artificial saliva mix, for 8 hours, at 39‹C giving # 3.5 mg/ml volatile fatty acids. The feed ration may be alfalfa, corn, milo, cottonseed meal, timothy, linseed meal or wheat, and may include urea, ammonia, ammonium sulphate, biuret, B vitamins, fatty acids of 4-10 carbon atoms, and magnesium and potassium minerals. Artificial saliva mix may be added to the nutrient mixture before culturing, and this may be followed by dilution by a factor of 0A1-25, addition of a cryo-protective agent e.g. glycerol, sucrose, glucose, casein or whey, followed by centrifuging, freezing of the microorganisms which are then thawed and spread over the chosen concentrate feedstuff. The product microorganisms may be mixed with an absorptive inert carrier, e.g. exfoliated vermiculite, in the weight ratio 0.5-5:1 microorganism suspension: inert carrier, and may be administered by bolus gun as a capsule of at least 5mm. cross-section and containing 1-10 wt per cent of this mixture and 90-99% of a carrier. 90-590 mls. of product may be administered as an oral drench. The product may be administered to steers changing feed from roughage to concentrate, to chronic steers, or to steers suffering from 90 day slump.

Supplemental B-Vitamins Necessary to Rear Heliothis zea on a Wheat Germ-based Diet

Abstract: A solution of B-vitamins was added to supplement a synthetic diet for the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). Vitamin deletion tests showed that only 6 of the 8 vitamins which had previously been used in practice were necessary for optimum development through 6 consecutive generations. The reduction of the vitamin amounts by 80% still permitted development through 5 consecutive generations. This work helps clarify the dietary requirements of the corn earworm and will simplify and reduce costs in the diet preparation for future mass rearing programs.