Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 1974"

Controlled Emission Dispatch

Abstract: A method is described for commiting generators and scheduling their output so as to comply with environmental objectives such as limitations on emission of oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen or discharge of heat into watercourses. The limitations may apply to emissions or to resulting ambient concentrations and may apply simultaneously to more than one type of residual. The method depends on the use of monetary conversion factors. For each set of environmental objectives and each system load level, minimum operating costs are achieved. The examples presented are based on the characteristics of the generators in the Israeli power system.

Combined cycle electric power plant and a gas turbine having improved megawatt load control

Abstract: A combined cycle electric power plant includes gas and steam turbines and steam generators and a digital/analog control system. A gas turbine megawatt load control system is included in the control and it includes a feedforward load control which generates a fuel reference equal to the sum of a megawatt load demand and an idle speed fuel demand. The megawatt load control also includes a feedback load trimmer which provides minor corrective action on the operation of the feedforward load control. Gas turbine and combined cycle plant operation results in the generation of megawatts equal to an input demand value.

Capturing hydro power, earth power and wind power with means and methods of storing same

Abstract: In areas where wind power, hydro power and earth heat power are all available and are to be developed, a common means and method of storing such power during off peak periods of power use are frequently required. Here power storage is accomplished by the lifting of under ground weights. Earth power may be geothermal heats, volcanic heats, heats from hot springs, deep holes in the earth, or heats from deep oil or gas wells, such as come to the surface when they bring up oil or natural gas. These are all here combined as a common source of power. Any or all may contribute power to the power storage.

Power Plants with Air-Cooled Condensing Systems

Abstract: There is an urgent interest today in controlling the environmental pollution that is a by-product of electric power generation. Thermal pollution--the rejection of waste heat into rivers and coastal waters used to cool both fossil-fuel and nuclear power systems--is a form of ecological disruption that can be reduced through the use of air-cooled condensing systems. Moreover, plants making use of this method need not be located adjacent to large bodies of water, requiring in many cases that wide swaths be cut through forests to accommodate overhead transmission lines--such plants can be located nearer load areas. The technology for building air-cooled condensing systems is now available and is thoroughly reviewed in this book. It is mainly economic considerations that have prevented their coming into wider use; it has been the belief that the benefits of these systems could be obtained only by paying the price of high capital costs and increased fuel consumption.One of the most important aspects of this book is that it demonstrates that this need not be the case. The author does not treat air-cooled condensers piecemeal, as isolated units meant to be simply plugged into power plants designed along traditional lines. Instead, he examines power plants from a systems planning point of view, and air-cooled equipment is included from the outset of design as an integral component of the system. As a result, he suggests that such plants--properly designed for a specific sector of the power generation spectrum (the so-called midrange and cycling sectors) with power cycle arrangements carefully assessed, and with plant optimization procedures in effect--can offer overall economies.The various chapters take up the following topics: extended surface heat exchangers--the direct system--the indirect (Heller) system--mechanical draft and hyperbolic towers--the spray condenser--deaeration and water chemistry--thermal cycle arrangements--general plant optimization--power plant for peaking/cycling--nuclear power plants rejecting heat to air--special fluid power plants--system planning considerations.The book is included in the series Monographs in Modern Electrical Technology, edited by Alexander Kusko.

Load control system especially adapted for a HTGR power plant turbine

Abstract: The stages of a turbine system are independently controlled to produce a desired system power output by monitoring and comparing the power characteristics of each stage to the desired power output. Flow through each of the stages is adjusted until the desired power output is generated, while any flow that is passing through bypass lines about each of the turbine stages is varied inversely to the variations in the flow through the turbine stages. Non-linearities occurring in the system are offset by appropriate modification of the control of each stage and by comparison of the power output of the system with the power requirements to direct continuing control until the power requirements are met.

Fuel and Power

Abstract: Fuel and power play a key role in technological progress. The capacity and efficiency of production are largely dependent on the use of fuel and power, and indeed the extent of their use is one of the best indicators of the level of technology attained in a country. The Comecon region is reasonably well situated for fuel resources, and great strides have been made in expanding the output of fuel and power as an indispensable appurtenance of industrialization and economic development in general. Between 1950 and 1970 the output of primary fuels and power rose 4·1 times in the Comecon region, whilst in the rest of the world it increased 2·1 times.1

Investment and operating costs of binary cycle geothermal power plants

Abstract: Typical investment and operating costs for geothermal power plants employing binary cycle technology and utilizing the heat energy in liquid-dominated reservoirs are discussed. These costs are developed as a function of reservoir temperature. The factors involved in optimizing plant design are discussed. A relationship between the value of electrical energy and the value of the heat energy in the reservoir is suggested.

Auxiliary and Offsite Power Systems for an Offshore Generating Station

Abstract: This paper describes the requirements and the design basis considerations used for supplying offsite power to offshore floating nuclear plants, Atlantic No. 1 and 2. Considerations for the on-board electrical system are discussed. Different types of bulk power transmission systems are under consideration in order to fulfill both the transmission and offsite power requirements.

Probabilistic Studies of Generation Capacity (Part I)

Abstract: A simplified model is constructed and analyzed to determine the power flow through channels of finite capacity when the supply and demand at the separate nodes are probabilistic. The supplies are generators of different sizes scattered throughout the system; their outages are treated as independent random events. Failure to meet demand is due to forced outages of generators and to inadequate transmission facilities. The model divides an interconnected power system into subsystems and tie lines. It calculates the cost of unsatisfied demand and sudden supply interruption. The difference between generation and demand in the different subsystems is correlated, and this has an effect on the interconnection and reserve requirements. A cost analysis is carried out to obtain the optimum allocation of generators in the model.