Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 1984"

Geothermal power plant and method for operating the same

Abstract: A geothermal power plant for operating on geothermal fluid includes an open cycle power plant responsive to the geothermal fluid for producing power and producing heat depleted geothermal fluid. Associated with the open cycle power plant is a closed Rankine cycle organic fluid power plant for producing power. Heat from the geothermal fluid is transferred to the closed cycle power plant; and heat depleted geothermal fluid is injected into a rejection well. The open cycle power plant includes a condenser that operates at a pressure greater than or equal to about atmospheric pressure with the result that the condenser is directly vented to the rejection well. Uncondensible gases contained in the geothermal fluid are thus passed directly into the rejection well making the power plant environmentally acceptable. The operation of the condenser at a pressure greater to or equal to atmospheric pressure eliminates the need for a vacuum pump and thus increases the useful work produced by the hybrid power plant so constructed, and simplifies its design and operation. The same approach is applicable to elimination of noncondensible gases in steam produced in industrial processes rather than from a geothermal well.

Gas turbine cogeneration principles and practice

Abstract: During the decade of the 1960s, industrial users recognized the gas turbine as a reliable prime mover for base load process applications. Gas turbine cogeneration systems were installed in various industries, including chemical, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, and metals. Typically, the size of the cogeneration system considered, and thus the gas turbine size, was governed by the internal heat and power demands of the specific plant. More recently, worldwide concern with regard to the cost and efficient use of energy is providing continuing opportunities for gas turbine cogeneration systems. In some locations, legislation is being enacted to encourage the development of cogeneration to the benefit of the public. This legislation can increase the number of alternative methods in which a cogeneration system can be developed. This paper will briefly review cogeneration principles applicable to the development of gas turbine energy supply systems. The wide range of conditions that can be satisfied using gas turbine cogeneration systems will be introduced. Brief discussions of recent installations are presented, illustrating the actual applications of some of these concepts.

The Dynamic Operational Characteristics of Taiwan Power Company

Abstract: A big surplus of power supply, especially during the off-peak period, causes operation problems to the present Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) system. Taipower is facing the difficulties of committing a large amount of nuclear generation at a low base load level.

A Microcomputer Based Vibration Diagnostic System for Steam Turbines and Turbo-Generators in Power Plants

Abstract: A new shaft-vibration diagnostic system for rotating machinery in power plants has been developed. This system, with its microcomputer, can be effectively applied to solve almost all the vibrational problems which occur during load operation or inspection. For frequency spectral analysis, the Walsh to Fourier transform is used with some modifications to reduce the microcomputer load. New firmware is also developed. With these improvements it is possible to diagnose simultaneously shaft vibrations for a five second period at a maximum of twelve points. This system has been successfully used in field tests to diagnose abnormal shaft vibrations caused by machinery unbalance or rubbing of steam turbines and turbo-generators. Large-scaled thermal power plants are in great demand to supply the middle load, i.e., the daily or weekly cyclic load above the base load. This has increased severity of their operating conditions, for example, by increasing the number of start/stop operations in a given period. In order to alleviate these conditions, microcomputer controlled systems have been developed. Extension of their use has led to applications in malfunction diagnosis and scheduled inspection tasks. For effective power plant operation and maintenance, it is important to diagnose properly shaft vibrations in such rotating machinery as steam turbines and turbo-generators. The following method is usually used. During the load operation, overall vibration is measured continuously at all bearings.

Cut pipeline power cost by demand control

Abstract: With ever increasing power cost, pipeline companies are putting considerable effort into reducing this expense with prudent demand control without sacrifice in pumping schedule or undue hardship to shippers. This article highlights the methods and tools available in controlling and reducing the rate of increase in power cost by controlling demand at each pump station run by electrical power. Demand is the maximum rate of electrical energy measured in killowatt (kw) used for a given duration of time. Power companies measure this at 15-min or 30-min intervals. The billing demand (kw) is for high on-peak usage or on-peak plus some percentage of off-peak demand usage. By using all the above methods, demand control can be very effective in controlling a pipeline company power cost which is a substantial percentage of the total operating expense. The demand-control effectiveness can be for the entire pipeline company system or for a section of a pipeline which is not operating to full capacity, 24-hr a day, 7 days a week.

Simpson Paper Co.: First 35MW IM5000 in Cogeneration Plant

Abstract: In order to reverse the rising cost of energy, in 1983 Simpson Paper Company installed a 35MW IM5000 gas turbine generating unit exhausting into a supplementary fired, three-pressure (HP, IP, LP) boiler at its Shasta Pulp & Paper Mill in Anderson/Redding, California. This first U.S.-based IM5000 was chosen for Simpson’s cogeneration plant because the steam-producing capability of its exhaust gas most nearly matches the mill’s steam load and because of the relatively high proportion of energy output which is converted to electrical power versus exhaust gas energy for steam production. By operating at a compression ratio of 30:1 and a base load firing temperature of 2100 F. (1149 C.), the plant achieves a simple-cycle efficiency in excess of 36%, including the burden of water injection for emissions control.In addition to the IM5000 gas turbine and the heat recovery boiler, the plant utilizes the following features which enable it to meet the special requirements of the Shasta Mill: (1) evaporative cooler - to reduce inlet temperature and increase power as much as 20% in the hot, dry Shasta Mill environment, (2) exhaust gas damper and duct burner - to match steam production to mill demand, (3) high pressure design of the IP and LP drums - to enable these drums to be bottled when HP steam demand is high and LP and IP demand is low, and (4) water injection system - to meet stringent federal and northern California NOx standards.Based on 1983 fuel and power costs, Simpson Paper Company expects a simple payback of approximately three years on the $18.5 million investment in its cogeneration plant. The plant began continuous round-the-clock operation on May 22, 1983.Copyright © 1984 by ASME

Power and power

Abstract: The State and Nuclear Power: Conflict and Control in the Western World. By J.A. Camilleri. Harvester Press/University of Washington Press: 1984. Pp. 347. £25, $25.

Gas Turbine Systems Designed for Coal Water Slurries

Abstract: Numerous attempts have been made during the past two decades to develop advanced power generation systems which could burn coal or coal-derived fuels both economically and in an environmentally acceptable manner. Although much valuable technology has been derived from these programs, commercially viable power generation alternatives have not yet appeared. One prospective way to expedite the commercialization of advanced coal-fired power systems is to meld the latest gas turbine technology with the emerging technology for producing slurries of water and ultra clean coal. This paper describes a DOE-sponsored program to identify the most attractive gas turbine power system that can operate on slurry fuels. The approach is to use slurries produced from finely ground (<10 microns) coal powder from which most of the ash and sulfur has been removed. The gas turbines will incorporate a rich-burn, quick-quench combustor to minimize conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen to NOx, advanced single crystal alloys with improved hot corrosion resistance and strength, advanced metallic and ceramic coatings with improved erosion and corrosion resistance, and more effective hot section cooling. Two different power plant configurations are covered: a large (nominally 400 MW) combined cycle plant designed for base load applications; and a small (nominally 12 MW)more » simple-cycle plant designed for peaking, industrial, and cogeneration applications.« less

An application of adaptive lattice filters to short-term load forecasting in power systems.

Abstract: Short-term load forecasting in power system applications is a topic of vast interest because of the need to limit operating costs and to avoid major equipment outages. The recent development of adaptive lattice filters and the need for an accurate short-term load forecasting algorithm has led to this research work. Existing short-term load forecasting methods vary widely in concept and accuracy. It can be easily shown that a method's accuracy is very much related to the complexity of the model or method. Many researchers have included such factors as weather components, harmonic components, and stochastic load components to increase the accuracy of their forecast. Although the inclusion of such elements has in some cases greatly improved the performance of a method, the computational burden of such components can make the algorithm cumbersome to use. The proposed method of this paper attempts to develop an accurate short-term load forecasting procedure while limiting the number of computations. This method uses a time-varying base load and a recently developed adaptive lattice filter to predict the load at a substation on an hourly basis. *• Both the base load and the digital lattice filter are established by processing historical load data. The amount of historical data to be processed is at the discretion of the researcher, though the results of previous work show that increasing the amount of historical data used generally improves a method's accuracy. This research employed two weeks of historical data. The hourly base load and the stochastic load predicted by the lattice filter are summed to arrive at an actual substation forecast. The results of the research compare favorably with recent state-ofthe-art methods. The proposed method appears to be quite suitable for on-line applications as it requires minimal input data and is computationally efficient.

Strategies for Coal and Electricity

Abstract: The most interesting and difficult policy problems in the energy industries are to be found in coal and electricity. Before discussing what should happen in the future I want to examine the developments that have taken place since the energy crisis of 1973. I shall throughout be primarily concerned with investment policy because it is here that the decisions may properly be described as strategic.