Showing papers on "Beverage industry published in 1981"

Methane generation from high-strength industrial wastes with the anaerobic biological fluidized bed

Abstract: The anaerobic biological fluidized-bed process has been shown to be effective for the simultaneous generation of methane gas and stabilization of high-strength wastewaters. Presented is a compendium of pilot-scale testing on a variety of wastes including dairy, chemical, food processing, soft drink bottling, and heat treatment liquors. Results demonstrate that, in most cases, greater than 80% biological oxygen demand (BOD/sub 5/) reduction can be attained at organic loading rates of 16 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m/sup 3//day or higher. The effect of organic loading for each class of waste is presented. The excellent compatibility of the biological fluidized-bed reactor concept with anaerobic treatment is due to many factors, the foremost being that fluidization of small-grained media results in extremely large surface areas for biological colonization (on the order of 300 m/sup 2//m/sup 3/) and consequently high biomass concentrations (8000 to 40,000 mg volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L). Because of this, long sludge retention times may be maintained at relatively short hydraulic residence times. The system is a net energy producer in most cases and normally shows a payback on the initial capital expenditure in less than five years.

Energy and materials use in the production and recycling of consumer-goods packaging

Abstract: A comparison is made of the energy consumed annually in the United States to produce paper, glass, steel, aluminum, and plastic for consumer-goods packaging and types of energy used for production are examined. Energy saved through recycling and combustion for energy recovery also is considered. A maximum of 1.5 quad could be saved if this packaging material were recycled, and about 0.6 quad could be recovered if it were burned as part of municipal solid waste. Paper and plastic compete in several markets, including bags and milk containers: in almost all cases, the plastic container requires less energy to produce and recycle. However, the major energy input to paper manufacture is wood, rather than oil and natural gas. Glass bottles require less energy to produce than aluminum or steel cans. On the other hand, aluminum cans take less energy to recycle than bottles, and recycled aluminum cans are the least energy intensive of the single-serving beverage containers, except for refillable glass bottles that are reused several times. For family-sized beverage bottles, a plastic bottle uses less energy to make and to recycle than a glass bottle. In addition, plastic bottles are combustible. However, glass bottles could be made with no oil or natural gas input, and they can be reused.

Stabilization and gasification of soft-drink manufacturing waste by conventional and two-phase anaerobic digestion

Abstract: Energy recovery and waste stabilization accomplished simultaneously in the beverage industry by anaerobic digestion are investigated. The applicability and limitation of the conventional high-rate anaerobic digestion process are tested. A rapid-rate waste conversion process, two-phase anaerobic digestion, developed for enhanced net energy production with COD reduction comparable to that obtainable by application of a conventional digestion process is discussed. The high-rate digestion run was developed from a mixed MSW-sludge-biomass-fed inoculum.

Carbon di:oxide liq. content meter - has gas permeable diaphragm in cell in contact on one side with carbon di:oxide contg. liq., and on another side with measuring liq.

Abstract: The measuring apperatus is intended primarily for the beverage industry. It has a gas permeable diaphragm (2) in a measuring cell (1) in contact on one side with a testing liquid (PF), containing the dissolved carbon dioxide, while on the other side it is contacted by a neutral or basic, measuring liquid (MT). For the latter path, and in front of the diaphragm, is mounted a conductivity value detector (4). A second such detector (5) is provided in this path behind the diaphragm. A circuit forms a difference from both detectors output signals (54,55), which depends on the contents of carbon dioxide. Preferably the neutral liquid is treated, highly pure water of low conductivity in a closed circuit. The diaphragm may have a prefered thickness of 2 to 5 microns and it may be in the form of a hose. Alternately it may be a disc on a sieve (3).

The European Beer Industry: Concentration and Competition

Abstract: The study of European brewing in this paper is limited to the beer industries of the member countries of the European Community, with the exception of Luxemburg. Data have been collected for each country and the analysis is comparative.

Anaerobic digestion of brewery byproducts

Abstract: Energy recovery in the brewery industry by mesophilic anaerobic digesion of process by-products is technically feasible. The maximum achievable loading rate is 6g dry substrate/L-day. CH4 gas production declines as the loading rate increases in the range 2-6 g/L day. CH4 production increases in the range 8-15 days; optimal design criteria are a 10-day detention time with a loading rate of 6 g dry substrate/L day.