Showing papers on "Brown rice published in 1974"

Domestic Rice Varieties: Apparent Resistance to Rice Weevils, Lesser Grain Borers, and Angoumois Grain Moths

Abstract: Rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borers, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Angoumois grain moths, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), discriminated among rough rice samples of the varieties ‘Colusa’, ‘Calrose’, ‘Nato’, ‘Belle Patna’, ‘Bluebelle’, and ‘Dawn’ in free-choice tests. Attractiveness was judged by the presence of adults, oviposition, and the production of F1 progeny. All 3 species exhibited a definite nonpreference for ‘Dawn’. Intact hulls precluded kernel entry by rice weevils and excluded 91% of lesser grain borer larvae and 72.4% of Angoumois grain moth larvae. The different responses in free-choice tests were related to the tightness of the seed husk, but were not directly proportional to the amount of loose-hull kernels available. Unidentified factors apparently influenced the behavior of the insects. In no-choice tests with brown rice of each variety, the number of F1 progeny produced did not differ significantly in any species tested.

Studies on Breeding for High Protein Rice. : I. Protein Content of Different Rice Varieties and Their Relations with Some Agronomic Traits Including Yield

Abstract: Protein content of brown rice of various rice varieties and its relations to agronomic traits were investigated. Statistically significant differences in the protein content of brown rice were observed among cultivars in Japan. The content of protein was approximately 10% higher in brown rice than in polished rice. The protein content was increased by the heavy application of nitrogen. Protein content was nega-tively correlated with the grain yield as well as with the 1000 grain weight, but not correlated with the days to heading and the visual grain quality. A few exceptional cases, however, were observed. For one instance, the two cultivars in the northern part of Japan, “Fukunishiki”and“Fujiminori”, do not differ in their grain yield and heading times, but the former variety contained much more protein than the latter one. For another instance, “Fuku nishiki”and one of the leading varieties in the Japan Sea side area“Honenwase”were both rela-tively high yielding and were top-ranking in the content of protein. An experiment was conducted in order to probe the negative correlation observed between the-protein content and the grain yield.“Kinmaze”is one of high yielding varieties in the central Japan. It contained much less protein than a high protein. mutant N0.217, which bore a small number of grains and was low yielding. The spikelets of“Kinmaze”were clipped to make its sink size equi-valent to that of the mutant strain. Then then the protein content of the high yielding variety was. successfully increased up to the same level as the high protein strain, however, yield was reduced. The reasons for the negative correlation between the above two characters were discussed with reference to the sink and source theory of the carbohydrate and protein accumulation.

Increase in Populations of Cryptolestes Pusillus and C. Turcicus on Diets of Natural Products

Abstract: The flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr), and C. turcicus (Grouvelle) were reared at a high temperature (29 @+ 1@*C) on 20 diets prepared from a single natural product or mixture of natural products. Wheat was the most favorable natural diet and cracked food was the most favorable form of diet. Neither C. pusillus nor C. turcicus multiplied on brown rice meal, runner peanuts, whole soybeans, cracked black-eyed peas or Purina Chow^(R) with brewer's yeast; brewer's yeast was not significantly advantageous in mixed diets. Cryptolestes pusillus multiplied more on all diets except cracked soybeans and wheat meal than did C. turcicus.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Chemical Composition of Lowland Brown Rice

Abstract: Investigations have been carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen dressings, i.e. basal dressing (N: 5, 10 and 20 g/m2), topdressing at panicle formation stage (N: 4 g/m2) and topdressing at full heading stage (N: 4 g/m2), on the protein, fat, ash, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents of lowland brown rice. The results indicated that the ash, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents on dry matter basis decreased and the phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents in ash increased with increasing the amount of basal dressing. With respect to the application of topdressing at panicle formation stage, it was shown that the fat content increased and the ash, phosphorus and magnesium contents decreased on dry matter basis and the phosphorus and potassium contents increased in ash. The application of topdressing at full heading stage gave the increase of the protein content and the decrease of the fat, ash and potassium contents on dry matter basis.