Showing papers on "Built environment published in 1985"

Architect?: A Candid Guide to the Profession

Abstract: Since 1985, Architect? has been an essential text for aspiring architects, offering the best basic guide to the profession available. This third edition has been substantially revised and rewritten, with new material covering the latest developments in architectural and construction technologies, digital methodologies, new areas of focus in teaching and practice, evolving aesthetic philosophies, sustainability and green architecture, and alternatives to traditional practice. Architect? tells the inside story of architectural education and practice; it is realistic, unvarnished, and insightful. Chapter 1 asks "Why Be an Architect?" and chapter 2 offers reasons "Why Not to Be an Architect." After this provocative beginning, Architect? goes on to explain and critique architectural education, covering admission, degree and curriculum types, and workload as well as such post-degree options as internship, teaching, and work in related fields. It offers a detailed discussion of professors and practitioners and the "-isms" and "-ologies" most prevalent in teaching and practicing architecture. It explains how an architect works and gets work, and describes architectural services from initial client contact to construction oversight. The new edition also includes a generous selection of drawings and cartoons from the author's Washington Post column, "Shaping the City," offering teachable moments wittily in graphic form. The author, Roger Lewis, has taught, practiced, and written extensively about architecture for many years. In Architect? he explains -- for students, professors, practitioners, and even prospective clients -- how architects think and work and what they care about as they strive to make the built environment more commodious, more beautiful, and more sustainable.

VELOCITIES OF CHANGE OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT, 1880–1980 Evidence from the Photoarchives of Austin, Texas

Abstract: Velocity of change is introduced as a measure of the dynamism of the built environment relevant to the relationship of cultural process and built form. Whereas previous studies have addressed, implicitly, velocity of change for particular urban processes, this paper attempts to develop methods for evaluating broad sections of the built environment based on the transcription and comparison of photographs available from archival and contemporary collections, a relatively neglected source of detailed information. Much can be learned from the analysis of the photographic imagery of cities. It permits measurement of change across areas of the cityscape larger than those occupied by individual buildings or defined by ground plans and cadastral units. Indices sensitive to alterations of the built environment are developed and applied to photographic archives of Austin, Texas. The results of preliminary calibrations are reported and the potential and limitation of these techniques are discussed.

Support networks in a caring community : research and policy, fact and fiction

Abstract: I: Context.- Foreword.- Social support networks: a literature study.- II: Addresses.- From welfare state to caring society?: the promise of informal support networks.- Combining lay and professional resources to promote human welfare: prospects and tensions.- Economic developments in social security and welfare programmes: the Dutch case.- The significance of the built environment: how to develop new construction designs that could play a part in creating a more caring society.- Social policy and social care: divisions of responsibility.- III: Selected Papers.- Suitable cases for treatment? Couples seeking help for marital difficulties.- The social services as "network organizers".- Supporting the informal carers.- Conflicts as property: fear of crime, criminal justice and the caring community.- Problems and possibilities in informal care for the impaired elderly.- Community care capacity: a view from Israel.- Mediating structures and the linkage of social care and individual responsibility.- The eighth decade: family structure and support networks in the community.- Supportive relationships and loneliness: suggestions for the improvement of support networks as guidelines for research and policy.- IV: Conclusions.- Conference recommendations.- V: Appendices.- Appendix A: Conference participants.- Appendix B: Papers presented.

Industrial Property Development in Dublin 1960 – 1982

Abstract: Geographical investigations of land use in the city have traditionally concentrated upon the characteristics and locational requirements of space users, primarily with respect to commercial and industrial enterprises. Yet in the process of equipping physical space for particular functions the property development industry performs a key role. More recently concern has broadened to include investigations of the manner in which the development industry operates and the role of the built environment as an investment. This paper concerns itself with the restructuring of industrial space on industrial estates and multiple unit complexes in the Dublin area from 1960 to mid-1982. noting that particular areas have failed to benefit significantly from the two periods of large-scale output that took place.

Energy and cities

Abstract: This book presents papers on energy consumption in urban areas. Topics considered include energy and urban form, energy conservation, transportation, spatial structures, improving the energy efficiency of the urban built environment, self-reliant cities, cities and coproduction, opportunities in the event of energy shortfall, the post-industrial imperative, and energy supplies.

Planning for Comfort in Hot Dry Climatic Regions

Abstract: One of the objectives of the design of the built environment is to provide comfort, while minimizing energy demand. In order to account for the attributes of a climatic region, the designer needs to adapt the built form to the natural environment. Within the constraints of declining nonrenewable resources, achievement of the objective of comfort requires sensitivity to an integrative perspective of the individual built form within the urban space. Such integration recognizes that there is no optimal design; rather, there are certain features of the physical environment and a set of human needs which seek satisfaction. It is the responsibility of the designer to plan so as to satisfy these needs. Such planning requires a clear understanding of design to ‘best fit’ the built environment to human physiology and behavior.

The Significance of the Built Environment: How to Develop New Construction Designs that Could Play a Part in Creating a More Caring Society

Abstract: What is the significance of buildings and of the qualities of form for social life? Does the design of the built environment have any significance whatsoever?

Guidelines for ecotechniques in islamic communities

Abstract: Islam, which is not only a religion but also a way of life, directs mankind to follow sound ecological and energy relationships at all levels of human needs An attempt is made to prove that there are strong and distinctive features in Islamic city planning Principal distinctions are seen as visual and morphological elements within the cityscape Some researchers state that these elements are found both in Islamic and non-Islamic communities Nontheless, it will be demonstrated here that city planning in Islam is identified with a spirit that eminates from the city's functions to harmonize man and community with the surrounding environment Regional and urban components that contribute to the functioning and character of built environment are explored through the wisdom and prespective of Shariaah Discussion of some Shariaah guidelines include several scales of development, urban morphology, landscape and implementation Shariaah guidelines are clarified by theoretical examples, and some traditional and contemporary applications Illustrations allow easy understanding of these planning and design indicators

Buildings, energy and urban morphology

Abstract: The form of built environment is largely determined by the interaction of a variety of factors present in nature Most important of them all, the climate, is manifested mainly in radiative energy, wind, vapour pressure and rain Of all these, solar radiation is the most dominant singular factor in determining built form Topography, vegetation and other local parameters further modify the microclimate and contribute to the shaping of building morphology Traditionally man has endeavoured to understand nature in order to create a healthy environment, but often designers have indulged in confronting it, resulting in unpleasant experiences It is intended, here, to investigate how climate and other factors, in human settlements, affect and shape the morphological character of the built environment, so that we can learn to live in peace with nature and not confront it Energy crises and global economic constraints further demand that our building be shaped for optimum energy use to avoid discomfort and undesirable economic overlays