Showing papers on "Collision avoidance system published in 1999"

Collision avoidance control of ship with genetic algorithm

Abstract: Concerns collision avoidance in ship navigation. Ships are usually equipped with ARPA systems, which process radar information and announce when other ships are near. An operator is still needed to watch the situation, make judgements and control the ship. The criteria of judgement are very complex, leading to misjudgements and mistakes. For a precise judgement and operation, theoretical criteria are not useful and a plenty of experience is required, but the captain or officer who has this ability are decreasing and necessity of automatic collision avoidance system is increasing. The authors adopt genetic algorithm (GA) for this. It has wide adaptability with learning function. The collision avoidance control system is constructed with following functions: 1) Get the information of other ships from the ARPA system; 2) Decide the navigating condition with GA 3) Control the ship direction with autopilot and ship speed with engine control. To confirm the performance of this system, the authors prepared three steps of experiment: 1) On board test using the ship Shioji-maru with virtual objects; 2) Real time simulation test with training simulator of Shioji-maru; 3) On board test using Shioji-maru with real objects. Basic functioning has been confirmed and various improvements for practical use are progressing.

Passive garage door opener using collision avoidance system

Abstract: A vehicle wireless transmitter system includes a collision avoidance sensor in a wireless transmitter. The wireless transmitter generates a wireless signal, such as a garage door opener signal, based upon information from the collision avoidance sensor. The wireless transmitter generates a garage door opener signal when the collision avoidance sensor determines that the vehicle is within a predetermined distance of the garage. The wireless transmitter generates a garage door opener signal when the collision avoidance sensor determines that the vehicle is in the garage, the engine is no longer running and no motion is detected around the vehicle for a predetermined period of time.

Brake Pulsing as Haptic Warning for an Intersection Collision Avoidance Countermeasure

Abstract: Human factors issues involved in defining driver warnings for potentially hazardous situations at intersections are addressed. General issues include what information to present to drivers (warning content), when to present it (timing of warning), and how to present it (type of warning modality). The work reported is being conducted to assist in the design of a driver-vehicle interface (DVI) warning system for the Intersection Collision Avoidance Using Intelligent Vehicle Highway System Countermeasures (ICA) program. The ICA program is one of four collision avoidance system programs sponsored by the NHTSA Office of Crash Avoidance Research. Initially, the results of an on-road baseline study that examined driver behavior during approaches to intersections controlled by stop signs are reviewed with respect to the timing of driver warnings. Subsequently, haptic warning characteristics for an intersection collision avoidance system are defined, and DVI design guideline recommendations for implementing haptic...

Method of reducing the speed of a vehicle having a collision avoidance system

Abstract: A method of reducing the travelling speed of a vehicle which has a multi-cylinder, piston-type internal-combustion engine, a variably controllable valve drive and a collision avoidance system includes the following steps: continuously determining, by the collision avoidance system, an actual distance between the vehicle and a vehicle ahead and comparing the actual distance with a speed-dependent minimum safe distance; and braking the vehicle by switching over at least one of the engine cylinders to a compressor operation when the actual distance falls below a minimum safe distance.

Longitudinal virtual bumper collision avoidance system implemented on a truck

Abstract: In this paper, we describe the results from a series of experiments using the virtual bumper collision avoidance algorithm implemented on a Navistar tractor cab. The virtual bumper combines longitudinal and lateral collision avoidance capabilities to control a vehicle in normal and emergency situations. A programmable boundary, the virtual bumper, defines a personal space around the host vehicle. A radar and a laser range sensor were used to sense the location of vehicles in the region in front of the truck. Incursions into the personal space by target vehicles impose a virtual 'force' on the host using impedance control, which in turn modifies the vehicles trajectory in order to avoid collisions with objects in the field of view. The virtual bumper longitudinal controller was tested under several driving situations and at several speeds. Several scenarios were evaluated. The results from two experiments will be described. These involve the truck performing a critical stop when the target vehicle ahead is stopped, and a situation in which the host must maintain a safe headway in a major traffic slow down. The algorithm demonstrated robustness to sensor noise and the ability to maintain a safe headway for both normal and emergency driving scenarios

Radar Based Longitudinal Virtual Bumper Collision Avoidance System Implemented on a Truck

Abstract: This report describes results from a series of experiments using the virtual bumper collision avoidance algorithm implemented on a Navistar tractor cab. The virtual bumper combines longitudinal and lateral collision avoidance capabilities to control a vehicle in normal and emergency situations. A programmable boundary, the virtual bumper, defines a personal space around the host vehicle. Researchers used a radar and a laser range sensor to sense the location of vehicles in front of the truck. Target vehicles that enter the truck's personal space impose a virtual "force" on the host, which in turn modifies the vehicle's trajectory to avoid collisions with objects in the field of view. Researchers tested the virtual bumper longitudinal controller under different driving situations and at different speeds. The experiments included several scenarios: Adaptive Cruise Control, the truck performing a critical stop for a stationary target vehicle, and situations that simulate stop-and-go traffic. Results from the virtual bumper longitudinal experiments were favorable. The algorithm demonstrated robustness to sensor noise and the ability to maintain a safe headway for both normal and emergency driving scenarios. Researchers currently are improving the sensing technology and incorporating a road database, which contains roadside features to greatly reduce, if not eliminate, false target detection.

Integration of radar and gps/gis for intersection threat detection and collision avoidance

Abstract: As part of its Intersection Collision Avoidance (ICA) program for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Vehicle Safety Research, Veridian Engineering is developing an on-vehicle threat detection system. This system utilizes three off-the-shelf headway radars, modified for the ICA task, and integrated with a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Geographical Information System (GIS), and a Head-Up Display (HUD) into a multi-target collision avoidance system. Warning functions have been developed which provide an audible and visual warning to the driver when the vehicle and any target are predicted to occupy an intersection simultaneously. Results from in-traffic experiments with the integrated multi-radar GPS/GIS ICA system, coordinated with videos of traffic as it is observed by the radars, are presented for the first time in this paper. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.

Collision avoidance system for vehicles applying model predictive control theory

Abstract: One of the most important issues in controlling vehicles automatically is collision avoidance. A collision avoidance system (CAS) should cause the vehicle to stop reliably when a preceding vehicle stops suddenly on the road or when the CAS detects an obstacle. The paper proposes a collision, avoidance algorithm applying model predictive control (MPC) theory. The CAS proposed has the following features: (1) prediction of the future behavior of a vehicle, (2) good ride comfort preventing unnecessary brake reference change. A simple and high-performance CAS can be achieved using the proposed algorithm. Computer simulations have confirmed its high performance.

Threat Detection System for Intersection Collision Avoidance - Real-Time System Performance

Abstract: This paper describes the design and development of an in-vehicle threat detection system which uses multi-radar and is used in a multi-target intersection collision avoidance system. Warnings are issued when joint occupation of an intersection is predicted. The authors first describe the radar and signal processing design. This is followed by a discussion of the concept of using three existing headway radars in a three-beam configuration. Results from experiments using a multi-beam radar configuration in traffic coming from both directions are discussed.

Studies on the Method of Ship Automatic Collision Avoidance

Abstract: A collision avoidance method, which simulates human being's intellectual ability, combining a frame expert system and mathematical and physical analysis, is advanced in this paper. The computer simulation shows that automatic compiling a collision avoidance plan for the vessels sailing in unrestrained sea is beneficial to the research on the automatic ship collision avoidance system.

Maritime avoidance navigation totally integrated system (MANTIS)

Abstract: A collision avoidance system is proposed to improve the efficiency and safety of marine transport, namely Maritime Avoidance Navigation, Totally Integrated System (MANTIS). The principle behind its operation is to remove the difficulties and uncertainties involved in marine navigation through a system structure which makes marine transport deterministic -- reminiscent of Air Traffic Control.

Developmental flight testing of a digital terrain system for the USAF F-16

Abstract: The United States Air Force decided to integrate a Digital Terrain System into all F-16s to reduce the number of controlled flight into terrain mishaps. Through the use of a digital map of the Earth used in conjunction with the F-16's own inertial navigation system and radar altimeter, the DTS provides the F-16 with an all-attitude, complete-envelope, ground and obstacle collision avoidance system with passive terrain following and bomb ranging capabilities. The F16 Combined Test Force at Edwards AFB, CA recently completed the second and final phase of the DTS development program. This flight test program spanned two years and flew over 150 test sorties. The system was shown to considerably reduce the pilot's workload and increase situation awareness, especially at night, in low visibility conditions and low-level, high workload environments. In addition, it provided valuable ground and obstacle collision avoidance warnings that should decrease any further F-16 mishaps.

The evaluation of impact on traffic safety of anti-collision assist applications

Abstract: Anti Collision Assist is a project in the Telematics Application Programme-Sector Transport of the European 4th Framework Programme (1994-98) for Research and Development. The AC-ASSIST project aimed at demonstrating the functions of collision warning and emergency intervention providing a Collision Avoidance along the longitudinal axis of vehicles. Five European car manufacturers participated to the project (Fiat, Jaguar, Renault, Rover, Volvo) together with three sensor suppliers (Lucas-Variety, Matra, Magneti Marelli). The project had a detailed experimentation phase in early Autumn 1998 on roads (public rural and urban roads for the Collision Warning system and a reserved motorway stretch for the automatic collision avoidance system) near NordHausen in Germany. The paper reports the results of field experiments and the evaluation activities dealing with the traffic safety impact of Anti Collision Assist applications. (A*) For the covering abstract see ITRD E110327.

No room for Rembrandt: combining WXR, TCAS, TAWS, FMS, VMS, and CNI on one display

Abstract: This paper describes the System Integration and Cockpit Topology required for Enhanced Situational Awareness by an aircraft crew combining Mission Management (MMS), Flight Management (FMS), Vehicle Management (VMS), and Communication-Navigation-Identification Management (CNI). The inference to be drawn from the title is that this Topology should be specified in a "top down" manner so as to be the same all around the world, and not to be vendor or software specific. A principal problem treated is that all major aircraft systems such as Weather Radar (WXR), Traffic and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), Terrain Avoidance Warning System (TAWS), FMS, VMS, and CNI have been using the same display color schemes and different data bases which can provide confusion in an integrated system. A radical provision of this approach is that both the pilot and the ground controller can often see the same Situational Awareness display without extensive transmission of data from either location. Also treated are the integration of a millimeter wave radar or radiometer, a course predictor, and a certified database into the Topology.