Showing papers on "Decimal published in 1971"

High Speed Decimal Addition

Abstract: Parallel decimal arithmetic capability is becoming increasingly attractive with new applications of computers in a multi-programming environment. The direct production of decimal sums offers a significant improvement in addition over methods requiring decimal correction. These techniques are illustrated in the eight-digit adder which appears in the System/360 Model 195.

Modular bcd and binary arithmetic and logical system

Abstract: An arithmetic and logical unit for receiving four bit portions (quartets) of two input operands, a carry-in and several function control signals generates selectively several functions of the operands, including decimal and binary addition and subtraction functions or a desired logical function and provides carry lookahead and carry signals. A set of conversion gates selectively provides either a true or an excess-6 form of the first operand quartet while a complementation set of gates selectively provides a true or 1''s complement form of the second operand quartet. Bit pairs, from the corresponding positions in the resulting quartets, are combined to produce elementary logical functions, including the AND, inclusive OR and exclusive OR functions. In parallel, these elementary functions, an input carry bit, a set of carry look-ahead gates, a set of adder gates and a pair of control signals respectively provide carry signals and the selected function of the operands. A set of decimal correction gates, responsive to the carry signals, are used to correct the adder gate output for decimal addition and subtraction, when necessary.

Programmable code selection for automatic address answerback in a terminal system

Abstract: An automatic terminal identifying system is provided which allows a terminal to respond with decimal weighted identity codes upon receipt of an identification query from a processor. To develop the identity characters the total decimal equivalent sum for each bit position of the unique identifying binary codes assigned to a terminal is determined with a binary 1 in bit 1 of character 1 given a decimal value of 1; a binary 1 in bit 1 of character 2 given a decimal value of 2; a binary 1 in bit 1 of character 3 given a decimal value of 4, etc. For three characters logical signals are generated from two clocks which are applied by means of jumpers to the output buss of the terminal such that the logical signal representative of the required decimal sum is applied to each of the bit positions on the output buss as characters are transmitted sequentially to the processor. This is accomplished by overlapping the two clocks to define three character times. A value of decimal one is applied to the output buss of the terminal during character one time; decimal two applied during character two time; and decimal four applied during character three time. Appropriate logical combinations of these clocks thus allows any decimal numbers zero through seven to be applied by means of the jumpers to the output buss of the terminal.

On Identification of Redundancy and Symmetry of Switching Functions

Abstract: An algorithm for identifying all redundant variables of switching functions and an algorithm for identifying their symmetries (total or partial) are presented. Both algorithms are straightforward and very efficient. These algorithms are based on manipulating the binary and decimal number representations of the minterms of the switching function under testing.

Digital fine-coarse rapid indexing motor control including means to sense shortest distance

Abstract: In an indexing control device for a tool storage magazine having a plurality of index positions, each of which has a specific decimal number coded by binary coded decimal elements, the tool storage magazine is divided into a plurality of regions by means of the upper figures of the decimal numbers. The index control device comprises first and second discriminating circuit means, one of which selects the rotating direction of the magazine in to index the region including the desired index position to a predetermined position in a shorter route by means of the upper figure, and the other of which selects the rotating direction to index the desired index position to the predetermined position in a shorter route by means of the subordinate figure of the decimal number after indexing of the region.

Digital display system of floating point representation

Abstract: A digital display system of floating point representation for use in an electronic calculator for displaying a decimal number in the form of effective figure representation together with an index X10n, which means the use of n-th power of the base 10. This system is provided for enabling the result of an arithmetic operation, which has a number of digits exceeding the capacity of the display device, to be easily read.

The Numeral System

Abstract: Up to now it has been customary to include in grammars of the Classical languages a chapter on "Numerals" which demonstrates how to count in the specific language. The number of oppositions found in the numeral system of Koine Greek amounts to 15. The numerals of the basic series have no common characteristic of form. We consider all the numerals of this subsystem as compounds because they have only one accent and were no longer dissolved, but it is certain that they have arisen from word groups such as the one found in Hesiod. The cardinals which form part of the different configurations outlined above have the common value of indicating a definite number without any further specification as to place in a series, and number of times. None of the word series constituting the numeral system amounts to more than 50 words.Keywords: cardinals; classical languages; Koine Greek; numeral system; word groups

Adoption of the Octal Number System

Abstract: The possible adoption of the metric system in the United States makes it logical that any other major changes be considered at the same time. Therefore, it is proposed to adopt the octal number system in place of the decimal. The importance of computers in our lives makes it reasonable that we adopt a number system with a base 2n. The advantages and disadvantages of the various values of n are given. The octal (n=3) number system is found to be the best one. The feasibility and some ramifications of octal adoption are presented.

Ediate arithmetic results extra bit for floating decimal control and correction of false interm

Abstract: A floating decimal calculator with controls for decimal location and for correction of falsely-coded sums or differences developed during any of the four basic arithmetic operations, these controls being based on utilization of a fifth bit position at each digit location in the registers of the calculator for these two purposes.

Circuit arrangement for converting a decimal number coded in the bcd code into a pure binary number

Abstract: A circuit arrangement, for converting a decimal number expressed in the BCD code into a pure binary number, comprises plural binary full adder circuits arranged successively in ascending binary digit order and each having signal inputs and binary digit outputs. Plural BCD code input terminals have applied thereto the decimal number to be converted, and lines connect each code input terminal commonly to all those signal inputs of the adder circuits which are associated, in correct decimal column position, with those 2n numbers which yield, as their sum, the decimal number, expressed in the BCD code, and indicated, with consideration of its decimal column position, at their respective code input terminals. The adder circuits are interconnected in such a manner that the carryover and output signals of each binary full adder circuit are supplied in correct decimal column position to the signal inputs of the respective succeeding binary full adder circuit.

The Effect of Supplementary Materials upon Academic Achievement in and Attitude toward Mathematics among Eighth Grade Students

Abstract: The problem of the study was to examine the effectiveness of using supplementary materials in the teaching of eighth grade mathematics. The study considered the effect that supplementary materials had on students in terms of the following variables--attitude toward mathematics, mathematical concepts, problem solving ability, understanding common fractions, computation of common fractions, decimal fractions and per cent, concepts of numbers and numerals (number system and operations), and concepts of numbers and numerals (decimal place value).

Printing device for a calculating machine

Abstract: A printing device for a calculating machine which comprises mounting a decimal mark carrier for carrying digit types and effecting a printing operation toward a platen, juxtaposing a decimal mark type actuator for setting said decimal mark type at a prescribed printing position with another digit type actuator for positioning required digit types, controlling the movement of both digit type actuators separately by number setting means, providing a sensing means for sensing the position of both actuators for each order, controlling the printing operation of said supporting member by the sensing action of said sensing means with mechanism for eliminating zeros, thereby enabling a number including a decimal fraction to be printed by depressing in turn the keys corresponding to the digits and decimal mark involved in said number in the sequence in which said digits and decimal mark are arranged, starting with those representing the higher orders.

Decoding arrangement for binary code decimal groups

Abstract: A decoder for decimal-grouped binary codes has four input channels corresponding to the binary positions for parallel feeding in of signals to be decoded and 10 output channels corresponding to the decimal digits for transmitting the decoded signals. Logic circuits, all of the same type, i.e. either NAND or NOR gates, are provided respectively for each of the 10 output channels.

Decimal-binary code conversion system

Abstract: A decimal-binary code conversion system wherein four amplifying circuits are formed by respectively connecting four magnetro-resistance effect devices formed as a bridge circuit to each of four amplifiers which produce different output signals, four different numerical values being binary-coded with independent operation of four amplifying circuits, and six numerical values being binary-coded with composite operations of the two of four amplifying circuits.

Decimalization under Cromwell

Abstract: Although Britain is only now adopting a decimal currency, the idea was first mooted three hundred years ago

Comment on "Serial Binary-to-Decimal and Decimal-to-Binary Conversion"

Abstract: In the above article1Rhyne describes a technique for serial binary to BCD (and BCD to binary) conversion using a single clock pulse per bit, as opposed to the two clock per bit method described earlier by Couleur [1]. Although Rhyne may be correct that his method has not been published in the official "scientific engineering" literature, it turns out that this same method has been published several times previously in the "trade" literature [2], [3]. One difference is that previous articles have implemented the technique with "D" flip-flops, as opposed to the "J-K" flip-flops used in the Rhyne article.

Decimal-point printing mechanism for electronic calculator

Abstract: A decimal-point printing mechanism for an electronic calculator having a plurality of rockably mounted print hammers actuated selectively to engage a print drum or roll having type thereon for printing numerals. The type includes decimal points printed in their proper place in a multi-numeral number. Some of the print hammers have slidably disposed on a side thereof decimal point print levers that are actuated selectively from a rest position in which they are ineffective during the printing action of the respective print hammers. Selector mechanism is provided for selectively actuating individual decimal-point print levers to a raised position on the associated hammers for disposing the print heads thereof in position for printing a respective decimal point simultaneously with the printing effected by the associated print hammers.

Decimal data-handling equipment

Abstract: An arrangement for adding together two n-digit decimal numbers or subtracting one n-digit decimal number from another comprises 10-condition switch means, the 10 conditions corresponding respectively to digits in the range 0 to 9 to be added or subtracted, and means to determine the need for and to implement the necessary carries.

The Practice of Classification: a study towards standardization

Abstract: An examination of the problems encountered by the British National Bibliography in applying a "standard" Decimal Classification notation to new books in parallel with the practice of the Decimal Classification Division of the Library of Congress; and of the implica tions for standardization of practice generally in this field.This article is an edited version of the paper given by the author at the Cataloguing &. Indexing Group Seminar "Subject to Information", Aberystwyth, April 1970.

Numerical indicator tube with built-in translating circuit

Abstract: A numerical indicator tube which includes means for translating coded electrical information such as binary data into decimal readout.

Double precision approximations to the elementary functions using Jacobi-fractions

Abstract: In this paper Chebyshev best fit approximations by rational functions are given to the functionsln, exp, sin, cos andarctan. The approximations are presented in two ways: by a Thiele-type fraction and by a Jacobi-fraction. While the Thielefractions are time consuming, but well behaved with respect to error propagation, the Jacobi-fractions are extremely fast in evaluation, but need provision for some guard digits to preserve the full precision of approximation. Error propagation and stability have been tested by several methods, e.g. using the TRIPLEX MAINZ S 2002Algol Compiler version implemented by N. Krier. The approximations presented here are a part of a CONTROL DATA 3300 FORTRAN Double REAL subsystem, where they run successfully. Higher precision approximations up to 40 decimal places using the same method are available from the author. In the model procedures given in the following it is understood that real arithmetic as well as integer arithmetic and the standard functions used work on operands of one same (extended) length.