Showing papers on "Dengue fever published in 1983"
TL;DR: It may be possible to apply this phenomenon to identify initial dengue serotype infection in individuals experiencing secondary d Dengue infections, thus helping to clarify the antecedents to dengu shock syndrome.
Abstract: Sequential blood samples were obtained from eight Thai children before, during and 3-5 months after hospitalization for dengue shock syndrome. All patients experienced a secondary-type antibody response as evidenced by hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses in acute and convalescent sera. Dengue 2 viruses were recovered from two patients. In their pre-illness blood sample, all children had monotypic neutralizing antibodies; five to dengue 1, two to dengue 3 and one to dengue 4. The highest neutralizing antibody titers in acute phase and late convalescent sera were to the initial infecting virus type. This report documents for sequential dengue infections the existence of an original antigenic sin antibody response. It may be possible to apply this phenomenon to identify initial dengue serotype infection in individuals experiencing secondary dengue infections, thus helping to clarify the antecedents to dengue shock syndrome.
278 citations
TL;DR: The findings support the view that Ae.
Abstract: Transovarial transmission of all four dengue serotypes was demonstrated in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The rates of such transmission varied with the serotype and strain of virus. In general, the highest rates were observed with strains of dengue type 1 and the lowest with dengue type 3. Surprisingly, despite the use of viral strains of the four dengue serotypes which gave the highest rates with Ae. albopictus, transovarial transmission was observed in Aedes aegypti only with dengue type 1, and then only at a relatively low rate. Five different strains of Ae. aegypti were employed, including one that was known to be relatively susceptible to oral infection with dengue viruses. The findings support the view that Ae. aegypti, while of major importance from the point of view of transmission of dengue to man, may be relatively unimportant in the overall natural history of dengue viruses.
229 citations
TL;DR: Dengue type-specific monoclonal antibodies detected prototype viral antigens 24-48 hours postinfection in C6/36 cells and were consistent with virus identifications obtained using the more classical but costly and time-consuming plaque-reduction neutralization test.
Abstract: Type-specific monoclonal antibodies prepared against the four dengue (DEN) virus serotypes were evaluated for their ability to identify low-passage human and mosquito isolates from Jamaica and West Africa by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Serotyped human isolates from Jamaican dengue fever patients included 12 DEN-1, two DEN-2, and five DEN-4 viruses. Viruses from West Africa included 84 DEN-2 mosquito strains as well as two DEN-1 and one DEN-2 from humans. Results obtained using the immunofluorescence assay were consistent with virus identifications obtained using the more classical but costly and time-consuming plaque-reduction neutralization test. More viral isolates and higher virus yields were obtained using the C6/36 clone of Aedes albopictus cells rather than LLC-MK2 (monkey kidney) cells. Dengue type-specific monoclonal antibodies detected prototype viral antigens 24-48 hours postinfection in C6/36 cells. This is the first time that monoclonal antibodies have been used to serotype low-passage flavivirus isolates.
172 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is proposed that the disease should be more realistically classified as d Dengue fever with or without haemorrhage and dengue shock syndrome, and the definition of DHF should be changed to include this type of patient.
Abstract: Thirty virologically confirmed cases of dengue infection with a fatal outcome were studied clinically in Jakarta, Indonesia, from 1975 to 1978. All 4 dengue virus serotypes were isolated from fatal cases, but dengue type 3 was responsible for 21 (70%) of these isolates, compared to only 47% of isolates from all cases of dengue infection. The majority (60%) of these 30 cases were males in the 5-9-year age group. Nonspecific signs and symptoms in the fatal cases were no different from those in patients who survived dengue infection, but 70% of the patients with fatal outcome had one or more signs of encephalitis, primarily convulsions and somnolence; 3 of them developed spastic tetraparesis before death and 2 died of an illness clinically compatible with viral encephalitis. Other unexpected observations were that only 63% of the patients had classical dengue shock syndrome with haemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia and shock. A high percentage (80%) had gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and in 9 patients (30%) this was severe enough to cause shock and death. In these 9 cases, the gastrointestinal haemorrhage and haematemesis began before the onset of shock and there was no evidence of haemoconcentration or pleural effusion at any time during hospitalization. According to certain widely accepted criteria, these patients would not be diagnosed as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). But as they made up nearly one-third of the confirmed fatal dengue infections in this study and had massive gastrointestinal haemorrhages with thrombocytopenia, the definition of DHF should be changed to include this type of patient. It is proposed that the disease should be more realistically classified as dengue fever with or without haemorrhage and dengue shock syndrome.
147 citations
TL;DR: Dengue 2 virus was recovered from three of 123 pools of naturally infected Aedes aegypti larvae collected from water containers in Rangoon, suggesting that transovarial transmission of dengue virus occurs in nature.
Abstract: Dengue 2 virus was recovered from three of 123 pools of naturally infected Aedes aegypti larvae (6,200 insects) collected from water containers in Rangoon. The virus was also isolated from two of 76 pools (7,730 mosquitoes) of male Ae. aegypti, collected as larvae and reared in the laboratory to adults. Minimum field infection rates among these two groups of mosquitoes were 1:2,067 and 1:3,865, respectively. Insect pools were inoculated into Toxorhynchites splendens mosquitoes and dengue viral antigen was subsequently detected in headsquash preparations by direct fluorescent antibody technique. Identification of the dengue serotype was done by complement-fixation test. This is the first report of dengue virus isolation from naturally infected mosquito larvae. These findings suggest that transovarial transmission of dengue virus occurs in nature.
126 citations
TL;DR: Five genetic variants or topotypes of dengue 2 virus have been established: Puerto Rico-South Pacific, (2) Burma-Thailand, (3) the Seychelles, (4) the Philippines, and (5) Jamaica-West Africa.
99 citations
TL;DR: A live dengue 2 vaccine was tested in 38 volunteers in an evaluation of the safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity of doses of 10(1.8)-10(5.5) plaque-forming units, and more than 40 isolates of d Dengue 2 virus from 12 volunteers retained the in vitro growth characteristics of the vaccine virus; this result affirmed the genetic stability of the virus.
Abstract: A live dengue 2 vaccine was tested in 38 volunteers in an evaluation of the safety, infectivity, and immunogenicity of doses of 10(1.8)-10(5.5) plaque-forming units. Twenty yellow fever-immune and 18 yellow fever-nonimmune individuals received 0.5 ml of vaccine sc. Immunization was dose related in yellow fever-immune volunteers, with a 50% immunizing dose of 10(3.3) plaque-forming units. In the group not immune to yellow fever, some but not all recipients of each vaccine dilution were immunized, and no 50% immunizing dose could be estimated. Volunteers immune to yellow fever developed adequate titers of neutralizing antibody to dengue 2 virus and maintained them for at least three years; those not immune to yellow fever developed lower antibody titers that disappeared within six months in half of the cases. More than 40 isolates of dengue 2 virus from 12 volunteers retained the in vitro growth characteristics of the vaccine virus; this result affirmed the genetic stability of the virus. Common clinical signs in immunized individuals were leukopenia (55%), macular rash (15%), and fever (10%).
67 citations
TL;DR: The presence of high antibody rates to Chikungunya, Dengue type 2 and Yellow fever viruses is of public health significance and these viruses have been identified as the most important arthropod-borne viruses causing human infections in Nigeria.
Abstract: A survey for haemagglutination-inhibiting arthropod-borne virus antibody was carried out in the Kainji Lake area of Nigeria. Of 267 persons tested, 139 (52%) and 158 (59%) had alphavirus and flavivirus group HI antibody, respectively. The prevalence of antibody to individual virus antigen is as follows: Chikungunya, 45%; Semliki Forest, 25%; Sindbis, 33%, Yellow fever, 31%, Dengue type 2, 46%; and Zika 56%. The presence of high antibody rates to Chikungunya, Dengue type 2 and Yellow fever viruses is of public health significance. These viruses have been identified as the most important arthropod-borne viruses causing human infections in Nigeria.
53 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The 1981 outbreak of dengue-2 in Cuba, which produced cases of hemorrhagic fever, shock syndrome, and death, prompted quick action by Cuban health authorities to diagnose the problem and isolate the responsible disease agent.
Abstract: The 1981 outbreak of dengue-2 in Cuba, which produced cases of hemorrhagic fever, shock syndrome, and death,. prompted quick action by Cuban health authorities to diagnose the problem and isolate the responsible disease agent. This article describes that work and its results. It is expected that data relating to the epidemic, derivedfrom this work and other sources, willprovide valuable infomation about dengue etiopatholopy.
47 citations
TL;DR: A positive correlation was found between infection rates and the container index (number of potential A. aegypti breeding sites per premise), suggesting that this index may be a useful predictor of neighborhoods at high risk of dengue transmission.
Abstract: A binational investigation was conducted in two Mexican cities in 1980 to study epidemiologic characteristics of dengue. Two study areas were selected in each of the cities (Merida and Tampico); in each area, in February and in September, sanitarians recorded information concerning abundance of Aedes aegypti, and public health nurses obtained blood specimens and clinical information from residents. Ninety-nine individuals (24% of the study population) showed serologic evidence of recent dengue 1 infection by hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation. Infection rates in the four study areas (9%-51%) increased with age in three of the four areas and were higher in females in all four areas. These differences in rates may be related to exposure to infectious mosquitoes in the home; A. aegypti feed most actively during daylight hours, and both females (p less than 0.001) and older individuals (p less than 0.001) were more likely than males or younger persons to be in the home when the study was conducted. A positive correlation was found between infection rates and the container index (number of potential A. aegypti breeding sites per premise--Pearson correlation coefficient 0.95, p = 0.05), suggesting that this index may be a useful predictor of neighborhoods at high risk of dengue transmission. Pending additional studies, public cleanup campaigns should be targeted to neighborhoods in which container indices are highest when an outbreak of dengue is likely to occur.
44 citations
TL;DR: This convenient and economical assay will facilitate large scale biological and epidemiological studies of dengue virus enhancing antibodies, and is most conveniently performed without further washing of stationary cultures, which are incubated in 5% CO2.
Abstract: Tissue culture-adapted dengue 2 virus (DEN 2), strain 16681, exhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) in P388D1 cells, a mouse macrophage-like cell line. ADE is dependent upon maintaining DEN 2 multiplicity of infection at between 0.1 and 0.001, and can be simply measured in multi-well plastic plates. The assay uses either trypsinized or non-trypsinized P388D1 cells at 5 x 10(5) cells per ml, an appropriate dilution of DEN 2 virus, and a source of antibody, and is most conveniently performed without further washing of stationary cultures, which are incubated in 5% CO2. Trypsinization of P388D1 cells prior to the addition of virus-serum mixtures reduced infection in control cultures thus increasing ADE. When cells were washed after incubation of virus-serum mixtures for 1 hour, a paradoxical increase of infection in cultures exposed to virus plus normal serum was noted, which reduced the sensitivity of the ADE assay. Using human cord blood sera, ADE titers measured in human monocytes and P388D1 cells were closely similar. This convenient and economical assay will facilitate large scale biological and epidemiological studies of dengue virus enhancing antibodies.
TL;DR: The isolation of virus from one pool of male mosquitoes, A. furcifer/taylori, could at least partially explain the maintenance of the virus in wilderness areas.
Abstract: Summary The authors give some historical data and the geographical distribution of dengue fever in Africa. They describe circumstances in which they isolated 96 strains of dengue 2 virus from wild mosquitoes collected in Ivory Coast and Upper Volta, during the dry or semi-humid savanna from May to November, 1980. Aedes luteocephalus and Aedes furcifer/taylori were the two main species from which the virus was isolated by the classical inoculation technique in newborn mice. Identification was carried out by haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests, and further characterization was performed by the immunofluorescence test with monoclonal specific antibodies, at the WHO Collaborating Center for Arboviruses Reference and Research in Dakar. Epidemiological serosurveys carried out in Ivory Coast after the finding of the epizootic showed the absence of human infection. Possible animal reservoirs, such as monkeys, have not yet been studied. The isolation of virus from one pool of male mosquitoes, A. furcifer/taylori, could at least partially explain the maintenance of the virus in wilderness areas.
TL;DR: Having been personally familiar with cases of dengue in the Dominican Republic in 1980, I believe that the same situation may have remained unchanged there in 1981, and one may reasonably assume that there may have been numerous undiagnosed cases in the New York area.
Abstract: To the Editor— In the article on dengue fever in the United States by Malison and Waterman (1983; 249:496), no reference to either imported cases from the Dominican Republic or dengue outbreaks there was cited I find this unusual, since all of its neighboring countries reported cases and the Dominican Republic is the second largest country in the Caribbean With a sizable Dominican population (estimated at 400,000) in New York City that frequently travels to and from the Dominican Republic, one may reasonably assume that there may have been numerous undiagnosed cases of dengue in the New York area It should be noted that nine cases of dengue were confirmed in New York in 19811 Finally, having been personally familiar with cases of dengue in the Dominican Republic in 1980, I believe that the same situation may have remained unchanged there in 1981 This is said not to hinder
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In the neutralization test, all the sera showed a higher titer against dengue type 1 virus (DEN-1) than against the other three types of d Dengue virus, indicating that the virus strain isolated in 1943 was DEN-1.
Abstract: In 1943, a large dengue epidemic occurred in the Osaka district and several samples of dengue virus were isolated from patients with dengue fever by workers in this Institute. These were inoculated into human volunteers to confirm that they were dengue virus. In the present study, serum samples were collected from the volunteers who had been inoculated with dengue virus and were examined serologically. In the neutralization test, all the sera showed a higher titer against dengue type 1 virus (DEN-1) than against the other three types of dengue virus, indicating that the virus strain isolated in 1943 was DEN-1.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicated a fall of West Nile virus activity and the emergence of Tahyna virus and the possibility that wild cycles involving small mammals and the two phleboviruses may exist in Tunisia is discussed.
Abstract: Sera of 103 small wild mammals (rodents, insectivora, cheiroptera) trapped at the beginning of 1980 in different areas of Tunisia were studied for antibody against 15 arboviruses. In inhibition haemagglutination tests, positive reactions were found against Dengue type 2 (2.2%), Tahyna (18.4%), Arumowot (42.7%) and Sicilian sandfly fever (31%) viruses. No antibody was found for 8 tick-borne viruses. In comparison with previous sero-surveys, our results indicated a fall of West Nile virus activity and the emergence of Tahyna virus. The possibility that wild cycles involving small mammals and the two phleboviruses may exist in Tunisia is discussed.
TL;DR: Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was applied to detect the products of the third component of complement (C3) activation in plasma of patients suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever using inulin-treated normal human sera as positive control, and the appearance of C3 activation products in DHF correlated well with signs of shock.
Abstract: Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was applied to detect the products of the third component of complement (C3) activation in plasma of patients suffering from dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), using inulin-treated normal human sera as positive control. In DHF, C3 split products were demonstrated in severely ill patients classified as having Grade III and Grade IV disease. These split products rapidly disappeared during the convalescent phase. The appearance of C3 activation products in DHF correlated well with signs of shock. This electropherogram of C3 activation could be used as a parameter reflecting immunologic activity in dengue hemorrhagic fever.
TL;DR: A cluster of imported dengue type 1 cases in Florida is reported, and the clinical, epidemiologic, and public health aspects of the disease are discussed, and recommendations as to how clinicians can assist public health officials in minimizing the risk of indigenous d Dengue transmission in the United States are made.
Abstract: In the United States during 1981, fourteen state health departments reported a total of 44 imported cases of dengue fever. Most originated in the Caribbean, where dengue type 4 has reached pandemic proportions. Because the mosquito vector for dengue is abundant throughout the southeast and imported cases continue to occur, the possibility exists for indigenous dengue transmission. We report a cluster of imported dengue type 1 cases in Florida, discuss the clinical, epidemiologic, and public health aspects of the disease, and make recommendations as to how clinicians can assist public health officials in minimizing the risk of indigenous dengue transmission in the United States. (JAMA1983;249:496-500)
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In Japan, dengue epidemics were recorded once before the end of World War II on the Main Islands and several times (1893-1955) on the Okinawa Islands, and results showed that the epidemics had been due to d Dengue type 1 virus in Osaka and to denge type 1 and 2 viruses in Okinawa.
Abstract: In Japan, dengue epidemics were recorded once before the end of World War II (1942-1945) on the Main Islands and several times (1893-1955) on the Okinawa Islands. Blood samples were obtained from residents in Osaka and Okinawa, and their antibodies were examined by neutralization tests against dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses. Of 60 serum samples each from Osaka and Okinawa, 11 and 15 sera, respectively, showed positive titers against one or more dengue serotypes. These results confirm that the epidemics had been very large. Moreover, the results showed that the epidemics had been due to dengue type 1 virus in Osaka and to dengue type 1 and 2 viruses in Okinawa.
Book•
26 Jul 1983
TL;DR: This work focuses on Thailand, where the dengue haemorrhagic fever outbreak in 1954-1981 was the largest and the largest in the world at the time, and the urban population and population after Sternstein 1976 was the smallest.
Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The Virus.- 1.2 The Clinical Picture.- 1.3 Therapy and Prophylaxis.- 2 Thailand.- 2.1 Natural Regionalization.- 2.1.1 Central Plain.- 2.1.2 Western Highlands.- 2.1.3 Northern Mountain Ranges.- 2.1.4 Korat Plateau.- 2.1.5 South-Eastern Littoral.- 2.1.6 Southern Peninsula.- 2.2 The Climate.- 2.3 Vector Ecology and Human Settlement.- 3 The Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Situation in Thailand until 1970..- 4 Study Findings.- 4.1 Material and Methods.- 4.2 The Incidence.- 4.3 The Endemic Area.- 4.4 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and the Main Transport Routes.- 4.5 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and the Urban Population.- 4.6 Density of Physicians and Incidence.- 4.7 Seasonality.- 5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Appendix: Morbidity Notification Card.- Notification Changing Card.- Text Map 1. Dengue haemorrhagic fever, 1954-1981.- Text Map 2. Thailand. Natural regions (According to Asanachinda, P.: Economic Geography of Thailand. Bangkok 1971 (in Thai) and other authors).- Text Map 3. Dengue haemorrhagic fever hospitalization 1962-1964 in 9 health districts (According to Avril, 1972, cit. after Halstead, 1969).- Text Map 4. Railways and onset of epidemic spread of dengue haemorrhagic fever.- Text Map 5. Urban population and dengue haemorrhagic fever (Population after Sternstein 1976).
TL;DR: The results of this study support the view that non-Stegomyia mosquitoes may become involved in the transmission of dengue virus to humans.
Abstract: Transmission of dengue type 1 was demonstrated for 3 strains of Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes after oral infection. Rates of infection were similar to those observed in a control strain of Aedes aegypti. Three additional species belonging to the subgenus Protomacleaya (Aedes brelandi, Aedes hendersoni, and Aedes zoosophus) were also susceptible to oral infection with dengue type 1 virus but transmission could not be demonstrated although virus was detected in the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes. Virus transmission was demonstrated for Ae. hendersoni following parenteral infection. The results of this study support the view that non-Stegomyia mosquitoes may become involved in the transmission of dengue virus to humans.
TL;DR: The hypothesis presented proposes the involvement of a systemic form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome through the activation of sensitized T lymphocytes during a secondary infection by viral antigen.
Abstract: The hypothesis presented proposes the involvement of a systemic form of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. It envisages the activation of sensitized T lymphocytes during a secondary infection by viral antigen present on the surfaces of mononuclear phagocytic cells. These antigen-activated T cells then release a variety of biologically active chemical mediators (lymphokines), which then produce the symptoms of shock and hemorrhage seen in cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The moso o Aedes aeupti, its increasing spread, and difficulties involved in its control, togethc pose one of the most serious public health problems facing the Americas today.
Abstract: The moso o Aedes aeupti, its increasing spread, and difficulties involved in its control, togethc pose one of the most serious public healt problems facing the Americas today. That problem is compounded by the long-term presence of two dengue virus serotypes (dengue-2, isolated in Trinidad in 1952, and dengue-3, isolated in Puerto Rico in 1963) and by the recent arrival of dengue serotypes 1 and 4, which were respectively introduced into the Caribbean in 1977 and 1981. Aedes aeupti is the vector of several arboviral diseases, two of which are important to man and usually occur in epidemic form. These diseases are yellow fever, which is fatal to a significant proportion of its victims, and dengue fever, which is not fatal to most victims, but which sometimes causes hemorrhagic symptoms, shock, and death. The urban-dwelling aegypti, which was introduced into the Americas around the time of the Spanish Conquest by ships coming from Africa, has been responsible for all urban epidemics of these diseases. Over the past five years, the incidence of these aegypti-transmitted diseases in the Amer-
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Between September and November 1981, some members of a survey team from Japan suffered from a febrile illness diagnosed clinically as dengue fever during their stay in a village in Khon-Kaen Province, in the north-eastern part of Thailand, and all 8 members who had had symptoms had been infected with DEN type 1 virus.
Abstract: Between September and November 1981, some members of a survey team from Japan suffered from a febrile illness diagnosed clinically as dengue fever during their stay in a village in Khon-Kaen Province, in the north-eastern part of Thailand. The morbidity rate in the team was as high as 69% (11/16). Blood samples were taken from 12 of the 16 members of the team in February, 1982 in Japan and the serum specimens were examined for antibodies to dengue (DEN), Japanese encephalitis (JE) and yellow fever (YF) viruses respectively. The results of the tests indicated that all 8 members who had had symptoms had been infected with DEN type 1 virus. No case of inapparent infection with dengue viruses was found. Of these 8 persons, seven had had neutralizing (N) antibody to JE virus before infection, but their clinical manifestations had been similar to those of an individual without N antibody to JE virus and were typical symptoms of dengue fever, such as leukopenia and "saddle-back" fever, without hemorrhagic manifestations, as seen from platelet counts and hematocrit values.
TL;DR: It is suggested that infection with DHF induces predominately cold-reactive antilymphocyte antibodies in DHF patients that could potentially interact with peripheral blood cells of patients and modulate the humoral immune responses of patients during infection.
Abstract: Antilymphocyte antibodies were found in 51 of 83 serum specimens from Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The lymphocytotoxic activity was complement dependent, and cytotoxicity was detected in the 19S immunoglobulin M-associated serum fractions at a temperature optimum of 15 degrees C. Sera with lymphocytotoxic activity were cytotoxic to autologous as well as allogeneic lymphocytes from patients and healthy adult donors and were directed primarily against B cells, with some T cell cross-reactivity. This study suggests that infection with DHF induces predominately cold-reactive antilymphocyte antibodies in DHF patients that could potentially interact with peripheral blood cells of patients and modulate the humoral immune responses of patients during infection.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Seroepidemiological survey on healthy humans indicated that the northern part of Chiang Mai Province in the region of the Maekong Valley has not yet been invaded so much by dengue viruses, compared with the Chiangai Valley, where d Dengue infection apparently became more prevalent than 12 years ago.
Abstract: Infection by JE virus still constitutes major cause of encephalitis in Chiang Mai Area, although some cases of possible dengue encephalopathy were observed. In spite of many apparent encephalitis cases, infection of vector mosquitoes by JE virus was not demonstrated. Virus isolation from hospitalized patients showed that the principal type of dengue virus circulating in Chiang Mai in 1982 was type 1 virus. Seroepidemiological survey on healthy humans indicated that the northern part of Chiang Mai Province in the region of the Maekong Valley has not yet been invaded so much by dengue viruses, compared with the Chiang Mai Valley, where dengue infection apparently became more prevalent than 12 years ago. The survey also indicated that the spread of JE virus in the study area was not uniform. Survey on vertebrates showed that anti-JE antibodies were highly prevalent among swine, horses, mules, sheep, and dogs. On the other hand, antibody prevalence was low in monkeys, ducks, and sparrows, and was negative among chickens and lizards. IgM-ELISA appeared to help differential diagnosis on JE from dengue even when the HI test did not give positive results.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: IgM-ELISA against JE appeared to be a more specific indicator of recent infection by JE virus, and could detect 27 positive cases, while serological tests suggested that at least 4 cases of encephalitis were linked to JE infection.
Abstract: One-hundred and eight paired sera including 40 encephalitis and 54 dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF), and 71 single sera including 15 encephalitis and 25 DHF cases, were examined by the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) against Japanese encephalitis (JE) and dengue antigens, as well as by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) against JE antigen. By the HI test, 10 encephalitis and 3 DHF cases showed primary type an- tibody response, while there were 7 encephalitis and 28 DHF with secondary responses. Only 7 encephalitis and 10 DHF cases with paired sera showed monospecific HI antibo- dy reponse to JE and dengue antigens, respectively, and there were 7 encephalitis cases with monospecific HI antibody response to dengue antigens. IgM-ELISA against JE an- tigen appeared to be a more specific indicator of recent infection by JE virus, and could detect 27 positive cases. Twenty two of them were the cases with paired sera and 16 of them did not give positive and monospecific HI antibody response to JE antigen. Remain- ing 5 case were with single serum specimen. Serological tests suggested that at least 4