Showing papers on "Diaspora published in 2023"
5 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the ways in which second-generation diaspora youth is either included as subjects, patriots and clients, or excluded as outlaws and traitors by authoritarian regimes.
Abstract: Abstract Recent scholarship on diaspora engagement and transnational repression has investigated how authoritarian regimes seek to engage, govern and control their diasporas. Recognizing that diasporas are diverse and that homeland states thus devise different strategies in relation to different groups, this research has—to a large extent—focused on the varied positions held by regime supporters and dissidents. Inter-generational differences, however, have not been studied in this context. Drawing on established frameworks theorizing extraterritorial authoritarian practices, this article explores the ways in which second-generation diaspora—or diaspora youth—is either included as subjects, patriots and clients, or excluded as outlaws and traitors by authoritarian regimes. Drawing on the literature on transnationalism and second-generation migrants, and using examples from empirical cases, we argue that the skills, resources and multi-sited embeddedness of the second-generation diaspora can make them particularly interesting targets for transnational engagement—or repression. We draw attention to specific strategies for mobilizing the support of diaspora youth, but also note that some techniques to control or repress extraterritorial subjects are less efficacious in relation to this generation.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a survey of more than 500 Portuguese Diaspora organizations is presented, which characterises the modern political engagement of non-resident citizens through their participation in associations and other social networks.
Abstract: Abstract Portuguese emigration has a long global history and, in recent decades, has increased substantially and diversified its range of destinations. Recent emigration, predominantly to the European Union and Lusophone countries in Africa, complemented the traditional 19th to twentieth centuries’ waves of emigration to the Americas. The Portuguese Diaspora is multigenerational and globally distributed, although diverse. How are those generations of migrants organized within the local spaces of the Diaspora? Based on an innovative survey of more than 500 Portuguese Diaspora organisations, this paper shows how migrant engagement policies and practices are evolving and dealing with the new types of Diaspora relations, organisations and institutions. The main output of this research is an exploratory typology of the contemporary apparatuses of these Portuguese Diaspora systems and their nodes. This typology characterises the modern political engagement of non-resident citizens through their participation in associations and other social networks. With this pioneering paper, we intend to open a discussion regarding the means and forms available to mobilise current and past emigrant groups within a meaningful Diaspora policy.
3 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the transnational operations of the Zimbabwean opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) to mobilise migrant supporters living in South Africa during the 2000s, showing how assistance with asylum became a patronage good, distributed to party members in exchange for participation in party activities and electoral support.
Abstract: This article examines the transnational operations of the Zimbabwean opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) to mobilise migrant supporters living in South Africa during the 2000s. Drawing together a variety of empirical sources, including extensive original interviews with former MDC party officials and Zimbabwe diaspora civil society organisers, this article explores the challenges of diaspora engagement within contexts of poverty, legal precarity, and political violence in both origin and residence countries. Bringing together emerging research on transnational party mobilisation with the robust literature on distributive politics and clientelism, I show how assistance with asylum became a patronage good, distributed to party members in exchange for participation in party activities and electoral support. Moreover, the plight of Zimbabweans in South Africa illuminates how the line between forced and voluntary migration is both difficult to delineate and has increasingly dire consequences for populations that do not fit precisely within legal determinations of mass refugee movements. Keywords: Diaspora, Political Parties, Refugee Policy, Elections, Africa
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors attempt to analyze how modern Internet technologies help a foreign student at various stages of his adaptation to new socio-cultural conditions, also assess the role of Internet technologies in the preparatory stage, when aforeign student is just planning his move and actively searching for reliable information about possible obstacles, problems and opportunities of his stay in a new territory.
Abstract: Intensively developing information and information and communication technologies contribute to the transformation of the modern international students’ migration process. There is a need to redefine and rethink many concepts, including the concept of diaspora, as well as rethinking the role of Internet technologies in diaspora communication processes, which are formed at several levels: migrant – country of origin and migrant – recipient country. The nature of interactions of a foreign citizen is changing not only with his historical homeland, but also with the state in which he finds himself. It becomes obvious that Internet technologies and Internet communications can influence the process of adaptation of foreign students, as well as the nature of their interactions with compatriots and representatives of other socio-cultural environment. Media communication, which is formed in the Internet, has an impact on the organization of the diaspora, on its self-organization, which requires studying this area, as well as possible aspects of self-organization in new media conditions. In this article, the authors attempt to analyze how modern Internet technologies help a foreign student at various stages of his adaptation to new socio-cultural conditions, also assess the role of Internet technologies in the preparatory stage, when a foreign student is just planning his move and actively searching for reliable information about possible obstacles, problems and opportunities of his stay in a new territory. An important section of the article is the analysis of Internet technologies as a mechanism of diaspora communication, as well as a mechanism for implementing the communicative capital of the diaspora in the process of adaptation of a foreign student and his integration into new socio–cultural conditions and the educational environment of the university.
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors studied the influence of Central-Eastern European (CEE) migrants on Western European politics and found that diaspora votes follow the ideological fluctuations in the country of origin but distort it, with CEE migrants voting for more liberal and more economically right-wing parties than voters at home.
2 citations
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of online communication in supporting civic actors' lobbying and mobilisation strategies at local, national and international levels is explored, including emotionalising, politicising, channelling, and contesting.
Abstract: Focusing on the3million—a major organisation that was formed after the 2016 Brexit Referendum to represent EU citizens in the UK, this article explores the role of online communication in supporting civic actors’ lobbying and mobilisation strategies at local, national and international levels. Apart from multi-scalar dimensions of these civic organisations’ work and of the way EU citizens themselves engage, we identify different strategies of impact. These are inter-linked and performed in a nonlinear fashion and include: emotionalising; politicising; channelling; contesting. These findings elaborate on the way multinational diaspora formation and mobilisation in the 21st century should be conceptualised, and their importance for stakeholder empowerment. We argue that contextual factors—both in terms of the socio-political capital of the people engaged in mobilisation and the features and dynamics of opportunity structures in a particular country and historical moment—are important in understanding why civic actors emerge, how they mobilise and the way their status and focus of their work transforms over time. The article significantly contributes to research studying the use of digital communications and especially e-newsletters and e-mails by non-state actors for mobilising and lobbying purposes.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the economic activity of the German diaspora in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries and identified various areas of German entrepreneurship in the spheres of the economy.
Abstract: The mass resettlement of Germans, among other Russian peoples, from Russia, Germany and other European countries and the formation of a diaspora on the territory of Turkestan began in the second half of the 19th century after its conquest by the Russian Empire. Having successfully adapted to the new lands, Germans, along with other peoples, took an active part in the political, cultural and economic life of Turkestan. This article is devoted to the representatives of the German diaspora who were directly involved in the economy of Turkestan. The goal is to analyze the economic activity of the Germans in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. In this study, both general scientific and specialized methods are used, which allowed for a consistent analysis.
We have identified various areas of German entrepreneurship in the spheres of the economy of Turkestan. In particular, urban Germans were directly employed in the field of service personnel, in industrial, commercial and entrepreneurial activities; they acted both as independent merchants and as managers of firms. Rural peasants, German settlers, became one of the main driving forces of the agrarian development of the region. They became owners of farms, contributed to the development of agriculture, irrigation and animal husbandry. An analysis of the economic activities of the German diaspora in Turkestan showed that, despite their relatively small number in the region, they had a very noticeable impact on the socio-economic development of the region, which had a positive value for Turkestan. The article may be useful to scientific and practical workers, graduate students and all those who are interested in the history of the German diaspora and the development of the economy in the Turkestan period.
TL;DR: This article found that there is a North-South divide in the survival of Chinese and Indian outward investments, where investments in the North are subject to more intense competitive pressure due to the stronger technological and managerial abilities of domestic firms and survival is markedly weaker there.
Abstract: Multinationals from China and India courted the economies of both the North and the South and they had different advantages in doing so. After more than two decades of successful internationalization, can the survival of Chinese and Indian investments reveal the factors that are associated with the success of EMNC investments in the North and the South? This is the main question we explore in this paper. We find that there is a North-South divide in the survival of Chinese and Indian outward investments. Investments in the North are subject to more intense competitive pressure due to the stronger technological and managerial abilities of domestic firms and survival is markedly weaker there. In Southern locations, where Chinese and Indian firms enjoy competitive advantages and industrial leadership in several areas, they also have better rates of survival. Apart from highlighting the role of relative (to host country firms) firm-specific advantages in explaining survival in the North and South, we also find that a larger diaspora in Southern locations is associated with greater survival.
TL;DR: This article extended Pred's work through an analysis of Blackness, place and belonging in Italy, offering an approach to the study of African Diaspora in Europe, with a focus on Italy.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Generations of African and Black Italians are extending the boundaries of what it means to be Italian, in the face of denial, diversion, and an insistence on whiteness as the measure of inclusion, and humanity. Drawing on Allan Pred’s work on racist geographies of the everyday and taken-for-granted in Sweden, I advance the concepts of B/black spaces and relational places to approach to the study of identity, belonging, and place in Black Europe, with a focus on Italy. Black and African Italians from diverse origins and generations are asserting their belonging in Italy. Pred’s work on every day situated practices, power relations, taken-for-granted knowledge, and silences, is useful to contemporary scholarship in Black geographies, antiracist and decolonial scholarship. Pred’s holistic studies of modernity and the impacts of global political and economic transformations in lived experiences demonstrate the centrality of racism to national societies and cultures. His work is valuable to scholars of modern Western colonial systems of knowledge production and power, advancing insights and encouraging new directions based on abundant, ordinary yet silenced everyday realities and experiences. This paper expands on Pred’s work through an analysis of Blackness, place and belonging in Italy, offering an approach to the study of African Diaspora in Europe.
TL;DR: In this article , a case study used a qualitative methodology to analyze how Radio B'alam, the first Mam-language radio program in the U.S., emerged during a global pandemic to fill a community's need for critical information.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Over one-million immigrants of Mayan descent live in the United States, but unlike other ethnic groups, Mayan diasporas struggle to create visibility, political and social capital, and acceptance through media. This case study used a qualitative methodology to analyze how Radio B’alam, the first Mam-language radio program in the U.S., emerged during a global pandemic to fill a community’s need for critical information. The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of geo-ethnic media and explores the roles of citizen journalists in decreasing information gaps and overcoming language barriers, while reaffirming the importance of radio in times of crisis.
TL;DR: This paper conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 UK-based, Indian classical dance artists and analysed them using Thematic Analysis to identify the following themes: (1) Dual-Identity Struggle (Sub-themes: Confusion and Isolation and Racism and Stereotypes), (2) Parental Influence, (3) Embracing Dual-IDentity (Subthemes): Growth with Age and Impact of a Diverse Community), (4) Benefits of ICD (Subtext: Education & Connection to Indian religion and history and Expressing & Understanding Identity) and (5) ICD: Authenticity versus Modernity (SubText: Authentic ICD in UK and Modernising ICD).
Abstract: The Indian diaspora has faced many obstacles including the challenge of navigating their dual identities, in order to belong in the UK. Music and dance are popular ways of practising cultural identities, which could mean that British Indians (BIs) use Indian Classical Dance (ICD) for maintaining cultural continuity and establishing a strong cultural identity. This qualitative study explores the reasons behind ICD practice, the relationship between ICD practice and the cultural identities of BIs, and the role served by themes of cultural continuity in their talk about identity. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 UK-based, Indian classical dance artists and analysed them using Thematic Analysis to identify the following themes: (1) Dual-Identity Struggle (Sub-themes: Confusion and Isolation and Racism and Stereotypes), (2) Parental Influence, (3) Embracing Dual-Identity (Sub-themes: Growth with Age and Impact of a Diverse Community), (4) Benefits of ICD (Sub-themes: Education & Connection to Indian religion and history and Expressing & Understanding Identity) and (5) ICD: Authenticity versus Modernity (Sub-themes: Authentic ICD in UK and Modernising ICD). The results from this piece of exploratory research have generated further data that improves our understanding of how BIs maintain a sense of
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26 May 2023
TL;DR: The authors traces the history of the African-associated amulets that enslaved and other marginalized people carried as tools of survival in the Black Atlantic world from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries.
Abstract: In Insignificant Things Matthew Francis Rarey traces the history of the African-associated amulets that enslaved and other marginalized people carried as tools of survival in the Black Atlantic world from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Often considered visually benign by white Europeans, these amulet pouches, commonly known as “mandingas,” were used across Africa, Brazil, and Portugal and contained myriad objects, from herbs and Islamic prayers to shells and coins. Drawing on Arabic-language narratives from the West African Sahel, the archives of the Portuguese Inquisition, sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European travel and merchant accounts of the West African Coast, and early nineteenth-century Brazilian police records, Rarey shows how mandingas functioned as portable archives of their makers’ experiences of enslavement, displacement, and diaspora. He presents them as examples of the visual culture of enslavement and critical to conceptualizing Black Atlantic art history. Ultimately, Rarey looks to the archives of transatlantic slavery, which were meant to erase Black life, for objects like the mandingas that were created to protect it.
TL;DR: The concept of commoning has also been adopted within discussions of migration and critical mobilities research as mentioned in this paper , and it has been rediscovered as a powerful organizing principle in social movements, radical political thought, and critical theory.
Abstract: Over the last two decades, the concept of ‘the commons’ has been rediscovered as a powerful organizing principle in social movements, radical political thought, and critical theory. The concept of commoning has also been adopted within discussions of migration and critical mobilities research. This article will first trace some of these emerging ideas of commoning as a relational practice found in many political mobilizations around ‘reclaiming the commons’. Then it will turn to approaches to commoning that seek to complicate Euro-American histories by centering Indigenous practices of radical commoning, Caribbean and African diaspora mobile commoning, and recent concepts such as undercommons, queer commons, and migrant mobile commoning. The article asks: How can such practices of radical mobile commoning help us envision ways to unmake the existing violent settlings and destructive im/mobilities of enclosure, coloniality, imperialism, and capitalist extraction?
TL;DR: In this article , an analytical framework was developed to study the securitization of diaspora communities, focusing on three discursive formations: diasporas as threatening actors, as objects under threat, or as security resources.
Abstract: Securitization theory has paid extensive attention to transnational issues, actors, and processes. Surprisingly, however, only little attention has been paid to the securitization of diaspora communities, defined as overseas citizens or co-nationals abroad. This article fills this gap by developing an analytical framework to study the securitization of diasporas, focusing on three discursive formations: diasporas as threatening actors, as objects under threat, or as security resources. Building upon the recent literature on state–diaspora engagement and drawing on an analysis of Israeli elite discourse (from 1948 to 2022), this article demonstrates how the securitization of diasporas serves as a discursive mechanism that naturalizes and legitimizes extra-territorial policies towards Jews abroad. Thus, the article complements structural and rational explanations of state–diaspora engagement by examining the intersubjective process that endows diaspora policymaking with meaning. Against the backdrop of extensive securitization scholarship that focuses on attempts to keep “foreigners” out, this article shows how securitization justifies bringing certain people in or governing their national identity abroad.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine academic diaspora that contribute to their countries of origin in times of crisis and beyond through scholarly and innovative work, and argue that in these times, the links between the diasispora and the country of origin are strengthened.
Abstract: The contribution of the diaspora has always been measured in terms of remittances to the country of origin. This article examines academic diasporas that contribute to their countries of origin in times of crisis and beyond through scholarly and innovative work. I argue that in times of crisis, the links between the diaspora and the country of origin are strengthened. Altruism, humanitarianism, benevolence, spirit, nostalgia, and the desire to rediscover origins are the main motivators for connection. This article proposes an alternative framework for analyzing the academic and intellectual contribution of the diaspora to its origins in times of crisis. This article is based on a thorough examination of triangulations between established and emerging diaspora theories and contemporary practices. Destination countries benefit from expertise and knowledge, while source countries can use diaspora intellectual resources to mitigate the effects of crises.
TL;DR: The authors examines the geographies of how young people, aged 11-25, in the Greek, Jewish and Palestinian diasporas in the Midlands region of England articulate notions of formal and informal politics.
Abstract: This paper examines the geographies of how young people, aged 11–25, in the Greek, Jewish and Palestinian diasporas in the Midlands region of England articulate notions of formal and informal politics. In doing so, it connects work on diasporic politics with work on the geographies of diaspora, young people's politics, and, in particular, diasporic youth politics. The paper discusses how young people have views on politics and on being political but feel that they struggle to have their voices heard by those in positions of power. At the same time, it paints a picture of how these participants articulate such feelings of politics in complex, multi-scalar, multi-directional ways. In doing so, they are potentially creating new spaces to feel and be political. The paper therefore stresses that it is important that diasporic politics takes into account the views of young people and that assumptions should not be made as to where such politics are located.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: René Bloch as mentioned in this paper argues that the ancient Jewish diaspora is an integral part of what we understand as Hellenism and argues that JewishHellenism epitomizes Hellenistic at large.
Abstract: In the Hellenistic period, Jews participated in the imagination of a cosmopolitan world and they developed their own complex cultural forms. In this panoramic and multifaceted book, René Bloch shows that the ancient Jewish diaspora is an integral part of what we understand as Hellenism and argues that Jewish Hellenism epitomizes Hellenism at large. Relying on Greek, Latin and Hebrew sources, the fifteen papers collected in this volume trace the evidence of ancient Jews through meticulous studies of ruins, literature, myth and modern reception taking the reader on a journey from Philo’s Alexandria to a Roman bust in a Copenhagen museum
TL;DR: In this article , Turkish Jews in Israel in their vernacular, Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), have been studied and the complex nature of the migrants' transnational affinity to the Turkish Republic and on how it coexisted with their Jewish nationalism.
Abstract: Between 1948 and 1956, 36,302 Jews migrated from Turkey to Israel, forming the largest Turkish diaspora hub at that time. Drawing on the nine newspapers published by Turkish Jews in Israel in their vernacular, Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), this article sheds light on the complex nature of the migrants' transnational affinity to the Turkish Republic and on how it coexisted with their Jewish nationalism. In addition to situating this development within the broader context of post-WWII Turkish transnationalism, we also delineate their unique historic status as ethnic Jewish communities or millet. Examining the post-Ottoman era, we show how they leveraged their political, commercial and leisure-related ties with Turkey—deemed more developed in those terms than Israel—to empower themselves as an ethnic community and to facilitate their integration into the Jewish state. In so doing, this study bridges some of the gaps in the analyses of Muslim and non-Muslim migrations, and it suggests that we rethink the languages used to explore Turkish transnationalism as well as its geographical borders and underlying characteristics.
TL;DR: Seneca Vaught as mentioned in this paper reviewed Love for Liberation: African Independence, Black Power and a Diaspora underground by Robin J. Hayes, and found that it was one of the most influential books of the 20th century.
Abstract: Peace & ChangeEarly View BOOK REVIEW Love for Liberation: African Independence, Black Power and a Diaspora underground. By Robin J. Hayes. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2021 Seneca Vaught, Corresponding Author Seneca Vaught [email protected] Kennesaw State University Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Seneca Vaught, Corresponding Author Seneca Vaught [email protected] Kennesaw State University Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 02 May 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/pech.12617Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyze the major change in the Jewish sacred space in Israel and demonstrate the distinct process wherein pilgrimages emphasizing ancient Jewish history are often replaced by visits at the tombs of venerated contemporary figures.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the major change in the Jewish sacred space in Israel. It demonstrates the distinct process wherein pilgrimages emphasizing ancient Jewish history are often replaced by visits at the tombs of venerated contemporary figures. In various places throughout Israel (and the Diaspora), a complex system of sacred tombs has developed comprising sites that are physically and symbolically distant from Jerusalem. In recent years, cemeteries throughout the State of Israel have been transformed from burial places serving the families of the deceased to pilgrimage destinations for visitors specifically seeking to prostrate themselves on the holy graves of rabbis, public figures, and leaders of communities and Hasidic dynasties, whether Mizrachi or Ashkenazi. This tsadikification process has developed almost without institutional or national political involvement, and is the result of the activities of individuals and families, non-profit organizations, Hasidic dynasties, and various organizations promoting the expansion of the map of Jewish sanctity.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that loyal diaspora supporters help these regimes as additional repression and violence apparatuses by trying to repress dissidents from the same country of origin.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Authoritarian regimes do not only target and oppress their opponents at home, they also try to repress dissident diaspora members abroad. The literature on transnational (extraterritorial) repression has shown that authoritarian regimes normally use transnational organs of the state such as intelligence services as part of their usual transnational repression activities. However, since they do not have sovereignty in the countries, their transnational repression has limits. This article argues that loyal diaspora supporters help these regimes as additional repression and violence apparatuses by trying to repress diaspora members from the same country of origin. However, the discursive mechanism behind this phenomenon has not been studied. This study aims to address this gap. Based on the competitive authoritarian Turkish case, it introduces the concept of “transnational securitization” to securitization theory. The article argues that what makes this type of securitization different is that the audience (pro-government Turkish and non-Turkish Muslim diaspora groups) is not only convinced by the securitization narrative that legitimates the use of extraordinary means that are normally undertaken by the state, but takes it upon themselves to carry on the anti-dissident repressive and violent actions. The article contributes to both transnational repression and securitization literatures.
TL;DR: Belich argues that catastrophic human mortality from the Black Death (1346-1353) affected only western Eurasia and Mamluk Egypt, killing half or more of all humans in these regions before returning unpredictably in murderous local or interregional epidemic waves as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Was plague a significant agent of global historical change within the last millennium? Belich argues that catastrophic human mortality from the Black Death (1346–1353) affected only western Eurasia and Mamluk Egypt, killing half or more of all humans in these regions before returning unpredictably in murderous local or interregional epidemic waves. “Why Europe?” he asks anew. His answer is Yersinia pestis (2). In the wake of Western Europe’s staggering population losses, survivors devised (or invested in) laborand cost-saving ways to boost their newfound fortunes at home and abroad, even though population numbers remained well below pre-plague levels. By the 1400s, the reorganization of production and transportation technologies was well underway, and by the 1500s, maritime polities began a spider-like diaspora that led to the Industrial Revolution. The upshot of Belich’s argument is that the swerve to Western European global dominance resulted not from cultural practices, governing institutions, or religious convictions (in his terms, those of a “OneGod world”), nor even from the technological edge that powered early expansion and resource extraction; it happened because the peoples west of the Volga River uniquely faced one of the “random curveballs from nature” (2). Calling it a history-determining first “strike” (Belich never deploys the language of epidemiology or ecology), he effectively reprieves a Cold War–era trope of plague as an exogenous destructive agent that left infrastructure and other material wealth intact. Meanwhile, because the peoples of once-dominant eastern and southern Asia escaped plague, they did not similarly transform their economies, not even later when they benefited from the windfall stimulus of Western Hemispheric silver and staple food crops. Belich’s meticulously researched economic history will be indigestible for many readers not already familiar with its central claims. In this respect, his book is a critique made of recent, theory-avoiding global histories. The book further recycles Belich’s own prior scholarship— including a cogent precis of how the Black Death figures into his overall argument in The Prospect of Global History (New York, 2016) and a slight updating of the wide-ranging introduction written with fellow-editors John Darwin and Chris Wickham. The intention of that essay collection was to provide models of global studies that situated premodern eras in expansive global, semiglobal, or “sub-global” studies. Human successes across semiglobalized Eurasia, from the Bronze Age to the Black Death, in this new work serve fundamentally to purify the current study from
TL;DR: In this article , a review and analysis of the historical determinants of neurosurgical inequities as understood by a group of scholars who share Sub-Saharan African descent is presented.
Abstract: The movement to decolonize global health challenges clinicians and researchers of sub-disciplines, like global neurosurgery, to redefine their field. As an era of racial reckoning recentres the colonial roots of modern health disparities, reviewing the historical determinants of these disparities can constructively inform decolonization. This article presents a review and analysis of the historical determinants of neurosurgical inequities as understood by a group of scholars who share Sub-Saharan African descent. Vignettes profiling the colonial histories of Cape Verde, Rwanda, Cameroon, Ghana, Brazil, and Haiti illustrate the role of the colonial legacy in the currently unmet need for neurosurgical care in each of these nations. Following this review, a bibliographic lexical analysis of relevant terms then introduces a discussion of converging historical themes, and practical suggestions for transforming global neurosurgery through the decolonial humanism promulgated by anti-racist practices and the dialogic frameworks of conscientization.
TL;DR: In this article , an ethnographic research with South Asian diasporas in Britain is presented, where three case studies are considered, with different national and religious backgrounds, and diverse times of migration.
Abstract: Abstract This chapter builds upon extensive ethnographic research with South Asian diasporas in Britain. To depict and disentangle the complexity of such migrant collectives, three case studies are considered, with different national and religious backgrounds, and diverse times of migration. Mapping out as many Black-and-Minority-Ethnic districts in London, I revisit my fieldwork with a Bangladeshi family in Newham, a Sinhala in Wembley and a Sikh one in Ealing. Drawing from reiterated visits and stays at their homes as a guest-and-ethnographer, I reflect on how house(holding) is maintained in each of these dwellings, where up to four generations live under one roof. In observing their hybrid material cultures, I am also sharing petty practices of domesticity and recording biographical stories from several kin members. Walks-along with informants in the neighborhood extend the appreciation of homemaking past one’s doorstep and add a political dimension to the everyday experience of living in a racialized diaspora. What snoozes under the tag of British-Asians, and to what extent being invited to their abundant dinner table allows an anthropologist into the cultural intimacy of multigenerational migrant households where interests and subjectivities coalesce and compete?
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors compared the five largest English-speaking Jewish communities in the diaspora: the United States of America (US), Canada (population 393,500), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia (population 118,000), and South Africa (population 52,000) (DellaPergola 2022).
Abstract: The subjects of Jewish identity and Jewish communal vitality, and how they may be conceptualized and measured, are the topics of lively debate among scholars of contemporary Jewry (DellaPergola 2015, 2020; Kosmin 2022; Pew Research Center 2021; Phillips 2022). Complicating matters, there appears to be a disconnect between the broadly accepted claim that comparative analysis yields richer understanding of Jewish communities (Cooperman 2016; Weinfeld 2020) and the reality that the preponderance of that research focuses on discrete communities. This paper examines the five largest English-speaking Jewish communities in the diaspora: the United States of America (US) (population 6,000,000), Canada (population 393,500), the United Kingdom (UK) (population 292,000), Australia (population 118,000), and South Africa (population 52,000) (DellaPergola 2022). A comparison of the five communities' levels of Jewish engagement, and the identification of factors shaping these differences, are the main objectives of this paper. The paper first outlines conceptual and methodological issues involved in the study of contemporary Jewry; hierarchical linear modeling is proposed as the suitable statistical approach for this analysis, and ethnocultural and religious capital are promoted as suitable measures for studying Jewish engagement. Secondly, a contextualizing historical and sociodemographic overview of the five communities is presented, highlighting attributes which the communities have in common, and those which differentiate them. Statistical methods are then utilized to develop measures of Jewish capital, and to identify explanatory factors shaping the differences between these five communities in these measures of Jewish capital. To further the research agenda of communal and transnational research, this paper concludes by identifying questions that are unique to the individual communities studied, with a brief exploration of subjects that Jewish communities often neglect to examine and are encouraged to consider. This paper demonstrates the merits of comparative analysis and highlights practical and conceptual implications for future Jewish communal research.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explore the limits and potentials of using messaging and social media apps as tools for qualitative research, and highlight the benefits that researchers may have from employing the same technology that the studied community uses in their daily life as a research tool.
Abstract: The widespread use of digital communication technologies has created new opportunities for social research. In this paper, we explore the limits and potentials of using messaging and social media apps as tools for qualitative research. Building upon our research on Italian migration to Shanghai, we discuss in detail the methodological choice of using WeChat for teamwork, remote sampling strategies, and conducting interviews. The paper highlights the benefits that researchers may have from employing the same technology that the studied community uses in their daily life as a research tool, and advocates for a flexible approach to research that adapts its tools and methods to the specific requirements and characteristics of the fieldwork. In our case, this strategy allowed us to emphasize that WeChat represents a digital migratory space which played a crucial role in understanding and making of the Italian digital diaspora in China.