Showing papers on "Dibutyl phthalate published in 1999"

Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat.

Abstract: Antiandrogenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and as a consequence, they induce different profiles of effects. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicular nondescent, while in contrast, finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, rarely, if ever, induces such malformations. In this regard, it was recently proposed that dibutyl phthalate (DBP) alters reproductive development by a different mechanism of action than flutamide or vinclozolin (V), which are AR antagonists, because the male offsprings display an unusually high incidence of testicular and epididymal alterations--effects rarely seen after in utero flutamide or V treatment. In this study, we present original data describing the reproductive effects of 10 known or suspected anti-androgens, including a Leydig cell toxicant ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS, 50 mg kg-1 day-1), linuron (L, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), p,p'-DDE (100 mg kg-1 day-1), ketoconazole (12-50 mg kg-1 day-1), procymidone (P, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), chlozolinate (100 mg kg-1 day-1), iprodione (100 mg kg-1 day-1), DBP (500 mg kg-1 day-1), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP, 750 mg kg-1 day-1), and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener no. 169 (single dose of 1.8 mg kg-1). Our analysis indicates that the chemicals discussed here can be clustered into three or four separate groups, based on the resulting profiles of reproductive effects. Vinclozolin, P, and DDE, known AR ligands, produce similar profiles of toxicity. However, p,p'-DDE is less potent in this regard. DBP and DEHP produce a profile distinct from the above AR ligands. Male offsprings display a higher incidence of epididymal and testicular lesions than generally seen with flutamide, P, or V even at high dosage levels. Linuron treatment induced a level of external effects consistent with its low affinity for AR [reduced anogenital distance (AGD), retained nipples, and a low incidence of hypospadias]. However, L treatment also induced an unanticipated degree of malformed epididymides and testis atrophy. In fact, the profile of effects induced by L was similar to that seen with DBP. These results suggest that L may display several mechanisms of endocrine toxicity, one of which involves AR binding. Chlozolinate and iprodione did not produce any signs of maternal or fetal endocrine toxicity at 100 mg kg-1 day-1. EDS produced severe maternal toxicity and a 45% reduction in size at birth, which resulted in the death of all neonates by 5 days of age. However, EDS only reduced AGD in male pups by 15%. Ketoconazole did not demasculinize or feminize males but rather displayed anti-hormonal activities, apparently by inhibiting ovarian hormone synthesis, which resulted in delayed delivery and whole litter loss. In summary, the above in vivo data suggest that the chemicals we studied alter male sexual differentiation via different mechanisms. The anti-androgens V, P, and p,p'-DDE produce flutamide-like profiles that are distinct from those seen with DBP, DEHP, and L. The effects of PCB 169 bear little resemblance to those of any known anti-androgen. Only in depth in vitro studies will reveal the degree to which one can rely upon in vivo studies, like those presented here, to predict the cellular and molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity.

Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment of Titania-pillared Montmorillonite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate in Water

Abstract: Titania-pillared clay could adsorb dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of endocrine disruptors, and degrade it photocatalytically. Hydrothermal treatment of this material, which increased the crystallinity of titania pillars, enhanced the photocatalytic activity without losing the adsorption ability and reduced the elution of titania pillars.

Anaphylactic Shock Reaction to Dibutyl-Phthalate-Containing Capsules

Abstract: We report on a patient who was taking a Gelomyrtol forte capsule, a mucosecretolytic herbal product, to treat an infection of the upper respiratory tract Itching, urticaria and respiratory distress occurred after 20 min which culminated in anaphylactic shock Prick tests were carried out with the individual substances from Gelomyrtol forte capsules Dibutyl phthalate produced a strong positive result It is used as a plasticizer in films covering tablets, dragees and capsules As a triggering agent of anaphylactic reactions to drugs, the auxiliary materials, eg dibutyl phthalate, should also be taken into consideration

Einfluss von wasserlöslichen und wasserunlöslichen Weichmachern auf die thermomechanischen Eigenschaften von magensaftresistenten Filmüberzügen

Abstract: The effect of two different types of plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of methacrylate-copolymers was studied. The efficiency of the plasticization was studied by determining the dependance of the minimum film forming temperature, the glass transition temperature and the elasticity of the films on the plasticizers' concentration and aqueous solubility. The effect of both plasticizers dibutyl phthalate and triethyl citrate, on the thermal properties of methacrylic acid methylmethacrylate methylacrylate copolymer (Polymer 4110 D) showed a strong correlation with the concentration of the plasticizer. The brittleness of the films decreased while increasing the plasticizer concentration. The film surfaces were smooth and homogeneous. In relation to the water soluble triethyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, almost water insoluble, caused different thermal and mechanical properties of ethylacrylate methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit L 30 D-55). Dibutyl phthalate had a low effect on reducing the minimum film forming temperature and glass transition temperature. The surfaces of the polymers were smooth and homogeneous indicating complete film formation.