Showing papers on "Diffuser (sewage) published in 1978"

Photovoltaic array including light diffuser

Abstract: A photovoltaic array composed of a light transmitting member having a plurality of sides, at least one photovoltaic means carried by at least one of said sides, and a diffusive member covering a portion of said device.

Thermally actuated diffuser

Abstract: A diffuser for a conditioned air system for buildings incorporates a self contained and integrated sensor actuator for varying the volume flow of conditioned air through the diffuser in response to changes in room air temperature The sensor actuator structure for sensing the room air temperature and for modulating the conditioned air flow is entirely contained within the diffuser structure and is powered directly by the changes in room air temperature without auxiliary equipment or power systems The self contained diffuser is fully adaptable to existing systems to provide either or both modulated cooling and modulated heating and also to supply modulated cooling with the capability of morning warm-up The diffuser is constructed to direct the air flow from the periphery of the diffuser and into the room at an angle and with a velocity which causes the air flow to have preferred aerodynamic characteristics so as to hug the ceiling and to avoid dumping

Fluidized bed combusters

Abstract: The invention provides a fluidized bed combustion apparatus comprising in a common structure a plurality of modules, each module comprising: a diffuser bed support arranged to support and fluidize a bed of granular material by means of air diffusion into the bed, feed means for supplying material to be burnt to a bed supported on the bed support, and control means for controlling the operation of the bed independently of the operation of the other modules.

Ultra-thin rotating disk gas diffuser (and bubble shearing method employing the same)

Abstract: A rotating gas diffuser for shearing fine gas bubbles from the surface thereof when the diffuser is immersed in a body of liquid and rotated therein. The rotatable shaft of the diffuser carries a disk like member defining at least one gas plenum having a porous wall out of which gas introduced into the plenum can pass to form nascent gas bubbles which are then sheared off by the viscous shear forces exerted by the liquid in which the disk is rotating. Preferably both the top wall and the bottom wall forming the gas plenum or plenums are porous. The ratio of the overall diameter of the disk to the maximum thickness of the disk in the gas diffusing area occupied by the plenums is at least about 32:1. Improved results are obtained when this ratio is at least about 48:1, more improvement is obtained with a ratio of at least about 64:1, and still greater improvement with a ratio of at least about 128:1. The preferred value of the ratio is at least about 256:1.

Method of making a translucent optical diffuser for a lamp

Abstract: A flower lamp includes first, second and third diffuser sections each being configured in the shape of a flower petal. Each diffuser section includes a wire frame, a section of translucent material and means for securing the material to the frame. The first, second and third diffuser sections are coupled to a shaft and extend in a generally vertical direction from the shaft. A base is coupled to the lower end of the shaft and supports the shaft in a vertical direction. In one embodiment of the invention, the translucent diffuser material is formed from pieces of chemically treated animal bladder. The method of chemically treating animal bladders to convert them into a translucent diffuser material suitable for use in a high temperature environment is also disclosed.

PH Control system for carbonated beverage plants

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a pH control system for alkaline wastes from carbonated beverage plants and the limitations of an equipment design and method and operation which provide maximum efficiency at minimum cost. These limitations include size and shape of the reaction vessel, the pressure of carbon dioxide and time of release, the rate of flow of the effluent and its relationship to diffuser vessel, and the size of the gas bubbles as released so as to prevent waste of the carbon dioxide in excess of 30% of the gas utilized.

Apparatus for treatment of floating separation

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide an apparatus for treatment of floating separation, in which a gas such as air is injected into treatment liquid circulated by pump, and then it is passed through a nozzle having a cavity resonance type diffuser, thus forming micro bubbles in the treatment liquid so that it is enabled to easily float and separate flocks or suspended matters in water to be treated.

Non-breaking and breaking wave loads on a cooling water outfall

Abstract: Cooling water from a power generating station in Eastern Canada is pumped to an outfall and distributed into the ocean through discharge ports in the sidewalls of a diffuser cap. The cap is essentially a shell-type structure consisting of a submerged circular cylinder 26.5 ft in diameter and 14 ft high. It is located in 25 ft of water at low water level and 54 ft at high water level. Horizontal forces, vertical forces and overturning moments exerted by waves on a 1:36 scale model of the diffuser cap were measured with and without cooling water discharging from the outfall. Tests were run with regular and irregular waves producing both non-breaking and breaking wave loads on the diffuser cap. The overturning moments measured on the diffuser cap were up to 150 percent greater than those on a solid submerged cylinder sealed to the seabed. Unlike sealed cylinders, all of the wave loads measured on the relatively open structure reached maximum values at approximately the same time. The largest wave loads were measured on the diffuser structure when it was subjected to spilling breakers at low water level. For a given wave height, the spilling breakers caused wave loads up to 100 percent greater than those due to non-breaking waves.

Magnetohydrodynamic Lightweight Channel Development

Abstract: : A lightweight, high performance MHD channel and diffuser were designed, built, and tested. The hardware was designed for testing with toluene and oxygen. The design power level of 200 kW dc was obtained during the 125 tests. The MHD channel design was a diagonal conducting wall generator with calcia stabilized zirconia electrodes and a filament wound epoxy coated fiberglass outer shell. The diffuser design utilized thin wall copper construction with external cooling tubes. These designs resulted in a significant reduction of the masses of the channel and diffuser. The masses of the channel and diffuser were 40 kg and 24 kg, respectively, which compared favorably to previous channels and diffusers of similar performance characteristics with masses of 160 kg and 150 kg, respectively. The novel design features of the channel construction technique included the use of a filament wound, epoxy coated fiberglass structural shell, the presence of an RTV layer to provide the pressure seal, and the minimization of the use of the copper material in the electrode frames. This fabrication procedure combined to provide a lightweight channel capable of withstanding sustained operation under a wide variety of operating conditions.

Sedimentation plant for effluent from cellulose paper and food mfr. - has compact flocculation and pptn. zones for 95 per cent clarification

Abstract: Plant comprises a chamber with an inlet through which liq. to be clarified is supplied. The chamber is divided into two zones, one for flocculation and the other for pptn. of particles as the liq. rises in laminar flow via narrow channels. The liq. inlet is a divergent, conical diffuser with an included angle of 8-14 degrees. The flocculation zone contains a flow divider made of plates aligned with the direction of rising current and regularly spaced across the chamber. The downstream ends of the plates are forked at about 90 degrees with the 'V' open to the rising current. The plates, which should be parallel to each other, all lie in planes which are perpendicular to the axis of the inlet diffuser. Used for removing heavy concns. of suspended solids from industrial effluents e.g. mineral processing, etc. The installation is suitable for clarifying turbulent flow contg. >=2500-500 mg/l. of suspended solids, partic. as a pre-treatment upstream of filters or centrifuges. The construction is simple, inexpensive and the appts. is compact and highly efficient. It will produce a clarification of >=90-95 degrees.

Bagasse preliminary dewatering process - has successive press zones of different depths below low-pressure roller in diffuser

Abstract: The process reduces the moisture content of bagasse passing through a diffuser and then treated in high-pressure dewatering mills. The sugar conent is washed out on the contra-flow principle in the diffuser extraction zone by spraying with extraction fluid, and preliminary dewatering is effected by a low pressure roller inside the end of the difuser itself, this roller being of large diameter. During the continuous operation of this roller, the bagasse underneath it is subjected to multiple inversion, being fed to two different-shaped and successive press zones, the second one being deeper than the first, and with a sieve surface comprising a series of ridged sections, as compared with the preceding flat one. Under the effect of the different press zone depths and the curvature of the roller, the originally flat mass of bagasse is transferred in a curved form.

A comparison of pure oxygen and diffused air digestion of waste activated sludge

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine which parameters have the greatest influence on the aerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). In the first experiment, dilute WAS (<1.0% TS) was aerated with coarse bubble diffusers in an uncovered aeration basin. In the second experiment, thickened sludge (4 to 5% TS) was oxygenated in an open tank pilot plant. Two different ultra fine bubble oxygen diffusers were used, a fixed diffuser (FAD) and a rotating diffuser (RAD). Major factors influencing aerobic digestion performance were; temperature, sludge retention time, mixing energy, solids concentration, and the initial volatile fraction of the feed sludge. The high intensity mixing oxygen diffuser accelerated solubilization of cells, which increased oxygen respiration rates beyond the capability of the diffused air system. Thickening of WAS had a detrimental effect on microbial cell decay rate. This effect was overcome by the oxygen high intensity mixing diffuser. Digestion performance could be predicted by using a temperature x sludge retention time factor. The critical factor required for good digestion was 150 degree-days. Either one of these two factors could be substituted for the other in the equation, as long as the multiple of time and temperature exceeded the critical value. If the biomass temperature declined by 5°C or greater in less than five days, nitrification ceased. A critical value of 250 degree-days was necessary to buffer the system against such a cold temperature shock. Sludge retention time in the digester was directly correlated with air flotation chemical demand of the air digested sludge. Sludge dewaterability by vacuum filtration was improved after air digestion of dilute sludge, but adversely affected by oxygen digestion of thickened sludge. The volatile fraction of the digested sludge must be reduced well below 60 per cent to avoid abnoxious odors. A well stabilized sludge had an oxygen uptake rate below 3.0 mg O2/hr/g volatile suspended solids. The microbial cell decay coefficient for volatile suspended solids (Kd) was found to be 0.07 days–1, compared with 0.061 found in the literature. The highest biomass reduction rate in the air digestion system occurred when ecological diversity and rotifer pupulation densities were maximal. High biomass reduction rates were also obtained in the oxygen digestion system, although the organisms responsible were heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria.

Diffuser of electrical blower

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent high frequency noises by arranging the notched part in the vicinity of the end part of the guide vane at the preceding stage of the fan, en route the open side of the guide vane, and arranging the wind-guiding wall at the outer peripheral end part of the axial directional guide vane part arranged on the notched part.

Continuous productiin of half emulsion

Abstract: PURPOSE:A high-molecular glue powder is mixed with water by colliding it with a powder diffuser, dissolved in it and emulsified by adding a petroleum solvent to produce continuously said half emulsion in a short period of time.

Cleaner for aerating ejector

Abstract: PURPOSE:To open and close from outside a diffuser pipe of an ejector disposed in an aerating tank, and to clean the ejector etc. withour removing it, wherein a pump operation is made in the closed condition of the pipe.

Air intake for sewage aeration tank - by axial water pump feeding several nozzles acting as air injection pumps

Abstract: Air or oxygen is introduced into sewage in an aeration tank by accelerating the liq. by an axial pump and subdividing the flow into several nozzles. The gas is mixed with these side streams on the principle of a water-jet injector pump and the mixt. is compressed in the diffuser of a collector nozzle. The outflow is directed against the tank bottom at a speed which prevents the deposition of activated sludge. The pump requires no expensive redn. gear like a surface aerator. There is no danger of icing in winter causing an unbalance of the impeller. No atomised spray can pollute the environment and the fluid and gear noise is eliminated.

Wastewater Disposal from Two-Dimensional Diffuser

Abstract: The purpose of this note is to present an explicit equation that gives the center line dilution in a line vertical buoyant jet for any initial Froude number.

Textured yarn product

Abstract: Multifilament synthetic polymer yarn is texturized by passing the yarn in a gas stream to a diffuser zone to cause the gas to expand and the yarn filaments to splay open. The yarn filaments are then separated from the expanding gas stream towards a continuous smooth side wall surface defining one end of a bulking chamber. At this end of the chamber the filaments are impacted with each other and the smooth wall surface to form a compact yarn mass. This yarn mass is pushed into and through a slotted portion of the bulking chamber. Simultaneously the gas passes through the yarn mass initially formed in the chamber and then discharges laterally from this mass as it is pushed into the slotted portion.

Investment casting mold forming apparatus

Abstract: Investment casting mold forming apparatus including a vertically extending housing (10) having a top (22), a bottom (28) and an access opening (20) intermediate the top and the bottom, a diffuser (26) within the housing below the opening and above the bottom, a pressure fluid inlet (32) in the housing between the bottom and the diffuser for providing fluid so that a fluidized bed and particulate material may be generated above the diffuser, and a distributor (50,52,60) introducing particulate material into the housing at its top and above a fluidized bed therein such that the particulate material so introduced may descend, by gravity, within the housing towards the fluidized bed.

Electrostatic particle application appts. - has discharge and counter electrodes in inlet passage upstream of diffuser

Abstract: The apparatus is for the electrostatic application or pulverisation of particles of matter, such as powder, fibre or paint having an inlet passage for the latter to a diffuser. It has a pointed discharge electrode working with a blunt counter-electrode downstream of it and of opposite polarity. The discharge and counter-electrodes are mounted inside the inlet passage and upstream of the diffuser, in a discharge chamber formed in the passage and surrounded by insulating material. The chamber can be a widened portion of the passage adjacent to and downstream of the counter-electrode.

Aircraft gas turbine combustion chamber - has auxiliary section operated at max. operating conditions of engine and formed with diffuser at inlet

Abstract: The combustion chamber for an aircraft jet engine has two separate chambers in its upstream region fed in parallel with air. One chamber has a fuel injector controlled to deliver enough fuel to form a stoichiometric mixt. with the air, the second chamber b eing used for combustion of additional fuel at max. turbine operating conditions. The second chamber is of the premixing type, having an air passage with a fuel injector and flame stabilisers. The downstream section of the combustion chamber forms a mixing zone for the exhaust flow of the two chambers. The upstream part of the second chamber includes a small angle diffuser with profiled annular bodies defining passages.

Washing machine with heater assembly - including reflector and diffuser outside drum to allow drying after washing

Abstract: A washing machine includes a casing and a rotary drum located within the casing linen being inserted in the drum for washing Located within the casing and externally of the drum is a heater assembly comprising an electrical resistance heater nearest the drum, a diffuser and a reflector furthest away from the drum Linen can be efficiently tumble dried in the machine after washing

Design of an apparatus for testing the flammability of fuel sprays. Final report

Abstract: An automated small-scale test apparatus was developed for flammability testing of modified fuels. The test configuration consists of a 1/4 inch fuel delivery tube within a 1 inch air atomization pipe followed by a diffuser section. A pressurized 30 gallon air tank supplies the atomization air while a syringe pump provides a specified fuel quantity for all tests. Isentropic calculations and hot wire anemometer measurements characterize the air flow during the transient air release. Oscillograph traces specify the sequencing and timing of events. It is concluded that this transient test is a practical device for modified fuel testing because of its simple construction, well-defined operation, and capability of distinguishing between candidate additives.