Showing papers on "Empire published in 1997"

Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World

Abstract: Starting with the premise that Europe was made by its imperial projects as much as colonial encounters were shaped by events and conflicts in Europe, the contributors to Tensions of Empire investigate metropolitan-colonial relationships from a new perspective. The fifteen essays demonstrate various ways in which "civilizing missions" in both metropolis and colony provided new sites for clarifying a bourgeois order. Focusing on the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries, they show how new definitions of modernity and welfare were developed and how new discourses and practices of inclusion and exclusion were contested and worked out. The contributors argue that colonial studies can no longer be confined to the units of analysis on which it once relied; instead of being the study of "the colonized," it must account for the shifting political terrain on which the very categories of colonized and colonizer have been shaped and patterned at different times.

Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957

Abstract: Preface Introduction 1. The Making of the Politics of the African Diaspora 2. Democracy or Empire? 3. To Forge a Colonial International 4. The Diaspora Moment 5. Domesticating Anticolonialism 6. Hearts and Mines 7. Remapping Africa, Rewriting Race 8. No Exit: From Bandung to Ghana Conclusion Notes Index

Lords of all the world : ideologies of empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500-c.1800

Abstract: This book, the first to compare theories of empire as they emerged in, and helped to define, the great colonial powers-Spain, Britain, and France-describes the different ways and arguments these countries used to legitimate the seizure and subjugation of aboriginal lands and peoples."Learned, wide-ranging and important. . . . Pagden`s willingness to examine the three empires in tandem is as rewarding as it is innovative."-Linda Colley, London Review of Books"An impressive book, erudite and lively. . . .The book succeeds as an exercise in drawing together the interpretive treatises of three empires over three centuries and showing, often subtly but at times explicitly, their similarity."-William D. Phillips, Jr., American Historical Review"This volume . . . provides an excellent commentary on the imperial ideologies of three major European powers during the early modern era. . . . This is a book to which scholars will return time and again. I certainly found it intellectually stimulating."-Chandra R. de Silva, Sixteenth Century JournalAnthony Pagden is Harry C. Black professor of history at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He is also the author of European Encounters with the New World: From Renaissance to Romanticism and Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination, both published by Yale University Press.

Why Is Classical Theory Classical

Abstract: The familiar canon embodies an untenable foundation story of great men theorizing European modernity. Sociology actually emerged from a broad cultural dynamic in which tensions of liberalism and empire were central. Global expansion and colonization gave sociology its main conceptual framework and much of its data, key problems, and methods. After early‐20th‐century crisis, a profoundly reconstructed American discipline emerged, centered on difference and disorder within the metropole. The retrospective creation of a “classical” canon solved certain cultural dilemmas for this enterprise and generated a discipline‐defining pedagogy, at the price of narrowing sociology's intellectual scope and concealing much of its history.

Bardic Nationalism: The Romantic Novel and the British Empire

Abstract: This work links the literary and intellectual history of Britain and its Empire during the late-18th and early-19th centuries to redraw the picture of the origins of cultural nationalism, the lineages of the novel and the literary history of the English-speaking world. During the late-18th century, antiquaries in Ireland, Scotland and Wales answered modernization and anliciziation inititatives with nationalist arguments for cultural preservation. Responding in particular to Englightenment dismissals of Gaelic oral traditions, they reconceived national and literary history under the sign of the bard. Their path-breaking models of national and literary history, their new way of reading national landscapes and their debates about tradition and cultural transmission shaped a succession of new novelistic genres, from Gothic and sentimental fiction, to the nationalist tale and the historical novel. In Ireland and Scotland, these genres were used to mount nationalist arguments for cultural specificity and against "internal colonization"; yet, once exported throughout the Empire, they also formed the basis of the first colonial fiction of Canada, Australia and British India, used not only to attack imperialism, but also to justify the imperial project.

A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895-1930

Abstract: A note on orthography and translation Introduction 1. The setting: the idea of the civilizing mission in 1895 and the creation of the government general 2. Public works and public health: civilization, technology, and science (1902-1914) 3. Forging the republican Sujet: schools, courts, and the attack on slavery (1902-1908) 4. 'En faire des hommes': William Ponty and the pursuit of moral progress (1908-1914) 5. Revolt and reaction: World War I and its consequences (1914-1930) 6. 'Democracy' reinvented: civilization through association (1914-1930) 7. Civilization through coercion: human Mise en Valeur in the 1920s Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.

Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843

Abstract: In this history of the British surveys of India, focusing especially on the Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS) undertaken by the British East India Company, the author relates how imperial Britain employed modern scientific survey techniques not only to create and define the spacial inmage of its Indian empire, but also to legitimate its colonialist activities as triumphs of liberal, rational science bringing "Civilisation" to irrational, mystical and despotic Indians. The reshaping of cartographic technologies in Europe into their modern form played a key role in the use of the GTS as an instrument of British cartographic control over India. In analyzing this reconfiguration, the author undertakes a detailed critical analysis of the foundations of modern cartography.

A Fundamental Fear: Eurocentrism and the Emergence of Islamism

Abstract: * Acknowledgements * Preface to the second edition * Prologue: The return of the repressed * 1. Framin' fundamentalism * 2. Thinking Islamism, (re)thinking Islamism * 3. Kemalism and politicization of Islam * 4. Islam, modernity and the West * 5. Islamism and the limits of the invisible empire * Epiloque: Islamism/eurocentrism * Bibliography * Index

Victorian science in context

Abstract: Victorians were fascinated by the strange new worlds which science was revealing to them. Exotic plants and animals poured into London from all corners of the Empire, while revolutionary theories such as the radical idea that humans might be descended from apes drew forth heated debates. The aristocracy and the middle class avidly collected scientific specimens for display in their homes, and devoured literature about science and its practitioners. This study sets out to capture the essence of this fascination with science, charting the many ways in which science influenced and was influenced by the larger Victorian culture. The contributors show how practical concerns interacted with contextual issues to mould Victorian science - which in turn shaped much of the relationship between modern science and culture.

Translation and empire : postcolonial theories explained

Abstract: 1. Postcolonial Studies, Translation Studies Translation and empire What does postcolonial mean? The rise of postcolonial theory Hegemony, subjectification and interpellation Language, place and self Beyond nationalism: migrant and border cultures 2. Power Differentials Translating across power differentials Disproportionate translations 'Inscrutable' texts Stereotypes Writing for translation Theorizing across power differentials 3. Translation as Empire: The Theoretical Record Emperors and displaced populations The sublimation of empire: Cicero and Horace Translatio Imperii et Studii Taking the original captive Translation and empire 4. Translation and the Impact of Colonialism Eric Cheyfitz and the colonization of the New World Repression and hierarch Projection Eloquence and dialogue Property Centre and periphery Niranjana and the British interpellation of India Rafael and the Spanish conversion of the Tagalogs The hierarch of languages Confession 5. Resistance, Redirection, and Retranslation Tejaswini Niranjana and retranslation Vicente Rafael and mistranslation Samia Mehrez and metisses 6. Criticisms

The strange death of liberal England

Abstract: At the beginning of the twentieth century England's empire spanned the globe, its economy was strong, and its political system seemed immune to the ills that inflicted so many other countries. After a resounding electoral triumph in 1906, the Liberals formed the government of the most powerful nation on earth, yet within a few years the House of Lords lost its absolute veto over legislation, the Home Rule crisis brought Ireland to the brink of civil war and led to an army mutiny, the campaign for woman's suffrage created widespread civil disorder and discredited the legal and penal systems, and an unprecedented wane of strikes swept the land. This is a classic account, first published in 1935, of the dramatic upheaval and political change that overwhelmed England in the period 1910-1914. Few books of history retain their relevance and vitality after more than sixty years. The Strange Death of Liberal England is one of the most important books of the English past, a prime example that history can be abiding literature. As a portrait of England enmeshed in the turbulence of new movements, which often led to violence against the pieties of Liberal England until it was overwhelmed by the greatest violence of all, World War I - this extraordinary book has continued to exert a powerful influence on the way historians have observed early twentieth-century England.

Ecology and Empire : Environmental History of Settler Societies

Abstract: Ecology and Empire examines the relationship between the expansion of empire and the environmental experience of the extra-European world. For the first time it moves the debate beyond the North American frontier by comparing the experience of settler societies in Australia, South Africa and Latin America. From Australian water management and the crisis of deforestation in Latin America, to beef farming in the Transvaal, this topical book provides a broad comparative historical approach to the impact of humanity on the ecological systems on which settler societies base their livelihood.

Beyond postcolonial theory

Abstract: Introduction Interrogations and Interventions: Who Speaks for Whom? Postcolonial Theory versus Philippine Reality Unspeakable Subalterns: Lessons from Gramsci, Cabral, Freire The Multicultural Imaginary: Problematizing Identity and the Ideology of Racism Revisiting an 'Internal Colony': US Asian Cultural Formations and the Metamorphosis of Ethnic Discourse Globalization, Dialogic Nation, Diaspora For a Critique of Imperial 'American Exceptionalism' and the Discourse of Civil Society Beyond Post-Colonial Theory: The Mass Line in CLR James Imagining the End of Empire: Emergencies and Breakthroughs Notes Bibliography Index

Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity

Abstract: Introduction Preface Maps Part I. Spheres of Contact: 1. Relations between Athenians and Persians to the late fifth century: an overview 2. Infusion and diffusion of alien goods: spoils of the Persian wars 3. Cultural exchange through trade 4. Zones of contact between Greeks and the Western Empire 5. Diplomatic exchange: visions of splendour Part II. Perserie: 6. Persian gold and Attic clay 7. Incorporation of foreign items of dress 8. Metamorphosis of a luxury culture 9. The Odeion of Perikles and imperial expression 10. Perserie: Athenian receptivity to Achaemenid culture Figures Glossary Bibliography List of figures Index.

Russia: People and Empire, 1552-1917

Abstract: This work contains the thesis that the needs of Russia's empire prevented the creation of a Russian nation and shows how the forces of nationalism and imperialism have long been set on a collision course. It explores the role of language, religion and geography in shaping Russian history.

Empire of Honour: The Art of Government in the Roman World

Abstract: Jon Lendon offers a new interpretation of how the Roman empire worked in the first four centuries AD. A despotism rooted in force and fear enjoyed widespread support among the ruling classes of the provinces on the basis of an aristocratic culture of honour shared by rulers and ruled. The competitive Roman and Greek aristocrats of the empire conceived of their relative standing in terms of public esteem or honour, and conceived of their cities - towards which they felt a warm patriotism - as entities locked in a parallel struggle for primacy in honour over rivals. Emperors and provincial governors exploited these rivalries to gain the indispensable co-operation of local magnates by granting honours to individuals and their cities. Since rulers strove for honour as well, their subjects manipulated them with honours in their turn. Honour - whose workings are also traced in the Roman army - served as a way of talking and thinking about Roman government: it was both a species of power, and a way - connived in by rulers and ruled - of concealing the terrible realities of imperial rule.

Gregory the Great and his world

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction: a contemplative in a troubled world 2. Integritas animi: ministry in the Church 3. Sapienter indoctus: scriptural understanding 4. Appropinquante mundi termino: the world in its old age 5. The Christian community and its neighbours 6. Christiana respublica: within the confines of the Empire 7. Terra mea: Italy between two worlds 8. Argus luminosissimus: the pope as landlord 9. Scissum corpus: the schism of the Three Chapters 10. Ravenna and Rome: and beyond 11. In cunctis mundi partibus the Far West 12. Inconcussam servare proviciam: dissent in Africa Epilogue Appendix: On the distribution of Gregory's correspondence Glossary of terms for offices Index to Gregory's works.

Political Paranoia: The Psychopolitics of Hatred

Abstract: Paranoia is not an obscure mental state afflicting some individuals but a widespread condition of modern societies, say the authors of this book. Robert S. Robins and Jerrold M. Post, M.D., document and interpret the malign power of paranoia in a variety of contexts - in political movements like McCarthyism, in organizations like the John Birch Society, in leaders like Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, Jim Jones, and David Koresh, and among extreme groups that commit violence in the name of Christianity, islam, and Judaism. Indeed, Robins and Post show that paranoid dynamic has been aggressively present in every social disaster of this century. Robins and Post describe the paranoid personality, explain why paranoia is part of human evolutionary history, and examine the conditions that must exist before the message of the paranoid takes root in a vulnerable population, leading to mass movements and genocidal violence. Their wide-ranging discussion sheds lights on many troubling episodes in our history: why more than 900 people committed suicide in Guyana in 1978 with their leader, Jim Jones; how the terrorists who bombed New York's World Trade Centre in New York in 1993 justified their violence in the name of God; how the need for enemies in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet empire led to a rise in anti-Semitism in some eastern European countries even though the Jewish population had been nearly decimated; how paranoia manifests itself among black and white racists; and why the conspiracy theory elaborated in Oliver stone's film JFK strikes such a chord in the viewing public.

The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples

Abstract: The names of early Germanic warrior tribes and leaders resound in songs and legends; the real story of the part they played in reshaping the ancient world is no less gripping. Herwig Wolfram's panoramic history spans the great migrations of the Germanic peoples and the rise and fall of their kingdoms between the third and eighth centuries, as they invaded, settled in, and ultimately transformed the Roman Empire. As Germanic military kings and their fighting bands created kingdoms, and won political and military recognition from imperial governments through alternating confrontation and accommodation, the 'tribes' lost their shared culture and social structure, and became sharply differentiated. They acquired their own regions and their own histories, which blended with the history of the empire. In Wolfram's words, 'the Germanic peoples neither destroyed the Roman world nor restored it; instead, they made a home for themselves within it'. This story is far from the 'decline and fall' interpretation that held sway until recent decades. Wolfram's narrative, based on his sweeping grasp of documentary and archaeological evidence, brings new clarity to a poorly understood period of Western history.

Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673-1800

Abstract: Preface Part I. Empires of Commerce: 1. Networks of trade 2. Communities of exchange Part II. Empires of Land: 3. Definitions of value 4. The alchemy of property Interscript: the Ohio Valley on the eve of revolution Part III. Empire of Liberty: 5. Land and liberty 6. Empire ascendant Notes.

Wandering Peoples: Colonialism, Ethnic Spaces, and Ecological Frontiers in Northwestern Mexico, 1700–1850

Abstract: "Wandering Peoples" is a chronicle of cultural resiliency, colonial relations, and trespassed frontiers in the borderlands of a changing Spanish empire. Focusing on the native subjects of Sonora in Northwestern Mexico, Cynthia Radding explores the social process of peasant class formation and the cultural persistence of Indian communities during the long transitional period between Spanish colonialism and Mexican national rule. Throughout this anthropological history, Radding presents multi-layered meanings of culture, community, and ecology, and discusses both the colonial policies to which peasant communities were subjected and the responses they developed to adapt and resist.Radding describes this colonial mission not merely as an instance of Iberian expansion, but as a site of cultural and political confrontation. This alternative vision of colonialism emphasizes the economic links between mission communities and Spanish mercantilist policies, the biological consequences of the Spanish policy of forced congregacion, and the cultural and ecological displacements set in motion by the practices of discipline and surveillance established by the religious orders.Addressing wider issues pertaining to ethnic identities and to ecological and cultural borders, Radding's analysis also underscores the parallel production of colonial and subaltern texts during the course of a 150-year struggle for power and survival. This study represents a significant shift in the historiography of Northwest New Spain and opens new vistas for scholars working on the American West and Southwest. "Wandering Peoples" will be welcomed by students and scholars in the fields of Latin American, subaltern, post colonial, and borderland studies.

The politics of the British Army

Abstract: The winner of the 1998 Westminster Medal for military literature is Professor Hew Strachan's The Politics of the British Army. In his presentation on the occasion of the award, Professor Strachan surveys the historical background, pointing out that while the Army likes to see itself as apolitical, that is without a direct role in power, it has in fact always behaved politically regarding its own interests. A long sense of professionalism, fostered through service in the Empire and in Ireland, contributed, by the First World War, to the active politicking of leading military figures. But, argues, Professor Strachan, that clear Army identity broke down, after 1945, as the emphasis on regiment and inter‐service rivalry came to the fore. Highlighting the issues of the representation of the forces in parliament and government, the organisation of the Ministry of Defence and the dichotomy between the lack of publicity on the important issue of the Strategic Defence Review, and the high profile publicity surroun...

Films and British National Identity: From Dickens to Dad's Army

Abstract: Introduction**1. National Identity**EMPIRE**2. British Imperial Heroes**3. The Black Man as Hero**NATION**4. World War Two**5. National Identity Post-War**6. The Swinging Sixties and After**REGION**7. Scotland**8. Wales and Ireland**9. Lancashire**CULTURE**10. Vaughan Williams, the Cinema and England**11. Dickens - Our Contemporary**Dad's Army and the Politics of Nostalgia**Bibliography -- .

Empire of ecstasy : nudity and movement in German body culture, 1910-1935

Abstract: "Empire of Ecstasy" offers a novel interpretation of the explosion of German body culture between the two wars - nudism and nude dancing, gymnastics and dance training, dance photography and criticism, and diverse genres of performance from solo dancing to mass movement choirs. Karl Toepfer presents this dynamic subject as a vital and historically unique construction of 'modern identity.' The modern body, radiating freedom and power, appeared to Weimar artists and intelligentsia to be the source of a transgressive energy, as well as the sign and manifestation of powerful, mysterious 'inner' conditions. Toepfer shows how this view of the modern body sought to extend the aesthetic experience beyond the boundaries imposed by rationalized life and to transcend these limits in search of ecstasy. With the help of much unpublished or long-forgotten archival material (including many little-known photographs), he investigates the process of constructing an 'empire' of appropriative impulses toward ecstasy. Toepfer presents the work of such well-known figures as Rudolf Laban, Mary Wigman, and Oskar Schlemmer, along with less-known but equally fascinating body culture practitioners. His book is certain to become required reading for historians of dance, body culture, and modernism.

Translation and Empire

Abstract: Arising from cultural anthropology in the late 1980s and early 1990s, postcolonial translation theory is based on the observation that translation has often served as an important channel of empire. Douglas Robinson begins with a general presentation of postcolonial theory, examines current theories of the power differentials that control what gets translated and how, and traces the historical development of postcolonial thought about translation. He also explores the negative and positive impact of translation in the postcolonial context, reviewing various critiques of postcolonial translation theory and providing a glossary of key words. The result is a clear and useful guide to some of the most complex and critical issues in contemporary translation studies.

Kingdoms of the Empire : the integraton of barbarians in late Antiquity

Abstract: Walter Pohl: Introduction - The Empire and the Integration of Barbarians. Gerhard Wirth: Rome and its Germanic Partners in the Fourth Century. Peter Heather: Foedera and Foederati of the Fourth Century. Walter Pohl: The Empire and the Longobards - Treaties and Negotiations in the Sixth Century. Wolf Liebeschuetz: Cities, Taxes and the Accommodation of the Barbarians - The Theories of Durliat and Goffart. Jean Durliat: Cite, impot et integration des barbares. Herwig Wolfram: Neglected Evidence on the Accommodation of Barbarians in Gaul. Evangelos Chrysos: Conclusion - De foederatis iterum.