Showing papers on "Emulsified fuel published in 1983"

Emulsions of liquid hydrocarbons with water and/or alcohols

Abstract: Emulsions of hydrocarbon liquids such as automotive distillate and water, or water and alcohols, are formed using an emulsifier which is a block copolymer of ethylene oxide type monomers and styrene type monomers. The stability of the emulsions is improved by the addition to the emulsion of a coupling agent which is soluble in the continuous phase of the emulsion and will couple with that portion of the emulsifier which is solvated by the continuous phase of the emulsion. Preferred coupling agents for water in oil type emulsions are copolymers of butadiene and styrene.

Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble cationic polymers and a process for preparing such emulsions

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention is directed to water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers and to a process for making such emulsions. The emulsion comprises (1) a discontinuous aqueous phase containing a water--soluble polymer which aqueous phase is dispersed as colloidal size particles or droplets in (2) a continuous oil phase wherein the emulsion contains an emulsion stabilizing amount of a water-soluble salt and an emulsifying amount of a water-in-oil emulsifier, said salt added prior to polymerization to form the water--soluble cationic polymer. The water-in-oil emulsions are characterized in that the water-soluble polymer is a cationic polymer and the water-soluble salt is a salt of a monovalent anion. The process for preparing the water-in-oil emulsions comprises (1) forming a stable water-in-oil emulsion (monomeric precursor) containing at least one water-soluble monomer in the aqueous phase which is dispersed in a continuous oil phase, said emulsion containing a stabilizing amount of a water-soluble salt and an emulsifying amount of a water-in-oil emulsifier, and (2) subjecting the monomeric precursor to conditions sufficient to polymerize the monomer. The method is characterized in that at least one water-soluble monomer is a cationic monomer and the water-soluble salt is a salt of a monovalent anion. The water-in-oil emulsions of this invention are employed to supply flocculant to many substrates including, for example, sewage, cellulosic fibers and fines for retention and freeness; metal or treatment plating wastes, and coal tailings.

Ultrasonic emulsification apparatus

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make it possible to form emulsified fuel stable for a long time in an emulsification tank, by rotating a propeller in the emulsification tank to recirculate or stirr semi-emulsified fuel in said emulsification tank. CONSTITUTION:Fuel and water supplied from a fuel tank 8 and a water tank 9 are emulsified in an emulsification tank 7 by utilizing ultrasonic energy generated by an ultrasonic horn 1 and the formed emulsified fuel is guided to a burner from a supply pipe 15. In this ultrasonic emulsification apparatus, a stirring propeller 6 rotated in the emulsification tank 7 by the operation of a motor 4 is provided. That is, sufficient emulsification is not carried out only by cavitation action of ultrasonic waves and semi-emulsified fuel containing large water particles is precipitated to the bottom part of the tank 7 but, by recirculating or stirring the semi-emulsified fuel in the tank 7, emulsified fuel stable for a long time in the tank 7 can be formed.

Diesel/alcohol fuel proportioning system for diesel engine

Abstract: There is provided a feed system for a diesel engine, adapted to use diesel fuel oil and an alcohol such as methanol. Both fuels are directed tangentially into an emulsifying chamber which has an axial outlet, and further means direct the emulsified fuels from the axial outlet to the fuel injectors of the diesel engine. Means are provided for maintaining the mixed proportion of the two fuels.

Combustion apparatus of emulsified fuel

Abstract: PURPOSE:To produce a completely emulsified fuel so as to smooth the transfer from ignition combustion state to main combustion state by a method wherein in case the emulsified fuel produced by emulsifying petroleum oil and water is burned, the emulsified fuel remaining in an emulsifier prior to ignition is circulated around the emulsifier CONSTITUTION:In case where a combustion apparatus is ignited, changeover valves 22 and 34 are turned to the positions shown in the drawing to thereby start pumps 24, 37 and 45 and the fuel in a fuel tank 21 is supplied to a pulverizing nozzle 42 of a burner 41 through the changeover valve 22, a bypass pipe 47 and a supply pipe 40 so that the fuel is sprayed from the nozzle and ignited by an ignition device 46 Further, an incompletely emulsified part of the fuel which is separated into the fuel component and water is introduced into a return pipe 48 and then into the emulsifier 25 again through the changeover valve 34 and a water supply pipe 36 to thereby emulsify the fuel completely Then, when the temperature of the burner 41 rises and the combustion is stabilized, the positions of the changeover valves 22 and 34 are switched so that the emulsified fuel circulating through the emulsifier 25 is discharged into the supply pipe 40 and the fuel is supplied to the nozzle 42 through the pipe 40

Drop Size Measurements in Evaporating Realistic Sprays of Emulsified and Neat Fuels

Abstract: A comparative study has been performed of the drop-size distribution of sprays of emulsified and neat distillate-type aviation fuels at elevated temperatures (308K to 700K) and pressures (101 kPa to 586 kPa) All drop-size data were obtained with a Malvern Model 2200 Particle Sizer based on the forward angle diffraction pattern produced by the drops when illuminated by a collimated HeNe laser beam Fuels included a standard multicomponent jet fuel, Jet-A, and a single component fuel, hexadecane, in both neat form and emulsified with 20 percent (by vol) water and 2 percent (by vol) surfactant The initial breakup and atomization of a neat and emulsified fuel were quite similar at all conditions, and the evaporation rates appeared similar at various temperatures for pressures at or below about 300 kPa At higher pressures with elevated temperatures the emulsified fuels of both types produce drops of significantly smaller Sauter mean diameter than the neat fuels as distance from the nozzle increases These results are consistent with the microexplosion hypothesis, but there could also be alternative explanations A detailed computer model which predicts heat up rates, steady state drop temperatures, evaporation rates, and drop trajectories has been used to help interpret the results An additional point which has been observed is that the initial Sauter mean diameter produced with constant differential nozzle pressure is dependent on the air pressure with an exponent of about −04, ie, SMD ∼ Pair−04 Some recent correlations often quoted omit the pressure (density) of air termCopyright © 1983 by ASME

Liquid fuel boiler

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent a freezing of the pipe system by a method wherein a system of water to be mixed with the fuel oil is contacted with a hot water discharging system of a boiler. CONSTITUTION:A low temperature water passing through the low temperature water pipe 2 and supplied to the hot water boiler 1 is made hot upon initiation of the combustion and flowed out to the radiator device while the water temperature in the hot water discharging pipe 3, water tank 8 and the water pipe 9 are increased. Therefore, even if the water from the water tank 8 is frozen under a low temperature atmosphere rather than that from the solenoid valve 10 in case of the water tank 8 or in the water pipe 9, and in particular within the water pipe 9, a fast melting of frozen is water made so as to perform a fast supply of the emulsified fuel to the burner 12. Thereby, an idle operation time of the emulsifier device is reduced and a loss of the useless consumption of the electric power is restricted and an extended life of the emulsifier can be realized.