Showing papers on "Energy market published in 1990"

Annual energy outlook

Abstract: The Annual Energy Outlook 2016 (AEO2016), prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), presents long-term projections of energy supply, demand, and prices through 2040. The projections, focused on U.S. energy markets, are based on results from EIA's National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). NEMS enables EIA to make projections under alternative, internally consistent sets of assumptions. The analysis in AEO2016 focuses on the Reference case and 17 alternative cases. The AEO2016 report is a complete edition of the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) and includes the following major sections: Executive summary: highlighting key results of the projections Legislation and regulations: discussing evolving legislative and regulatory issues, including a summary of recently enacted legislation and regulations as incorporated in AEO2016, such as: the EPA's final rules for the CPP [1]; the California Air Resource Board Zero Emission Vehicle program [2]; the extension of the production tax credit for wind and 30% investment tax credit for solar [3]; the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships [4]; adoption of newly added or modified federal efficiency standards for residential and commercial appliances and equipment; and modifications to existing state renewable portfolio standard or similar laws [5]. Issues in focus: containing discussions of selected energy topics, including the effects of the CPP under alternative implementation approaches; the impact of Phase 2 standards for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; a discussion that compares the Reference case to alternative cases based on different assumptions about the future course of existing energy policies; the impact on hydrocarbon gas liquids output from changing oil prices and related industrial development; and the sensitivity of steel industry energy consumption to technology choice. Market trends: complete summary by sector of the projections for energy markets comparing the AEO2016 Reference case and the alternative cases, illustrating uncertainties associated with the Reference case projections for energy demand, supply, and prices. Comparisons with other projections: comparing the AEO2016 Reference case to comparable aspects of projections provided by ExxonMobil, IHS Global Insight, International Energy Agency, ICF, BP p.l.c., National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Energy Ventures Analysis, Inc., and Wood Mackenzie, Inc., among others. Audience: Anyone interested and invested in energy market trends, potential changes in U.S. energy policies, rules, and regulations, and the potential role of advanced technologies in energy projections.

State Policies and the Changing Geography of the Coal Industry in the United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s

Abstract: The UK coal industry experienced great changes in the 1980s. Three features are of particular significance to its future in the 1990s. These are questions to do with the volume of deep-mined output from collieries, and where this is mined; the ratio of open cast to deep-mined output, and the locations in which such open cast extraction occurs; and the balance of coal produced within the UK to imports. In this paper we seek to interpret the changing geography of coal production and trade in terms of the character of UK state policies toward the coal industry and the whole issue of energy supply. We identify a number of tensions which lie at the heart of the current direction to policy. These are the different treatment of coal and nuclear power as sources of primary energy; the problems caused by privatization of the UK's electricity supply industry and the proposed sale of British Coal to the private sector; environmental concern over energy consumption; and the strategic and balance-of-payments implications of increased import dependency. We conclude that present policieswhich are likely to lead to further dramatic reductions in UK deep-mined coal production-are far from rational either in the sense of the relations between the UK and the world energy market, or the appropriate use of valuable and finite UK energy

The Sensitivity of Wind Technology Utilization to Cost and Market Parameters

Abstract: This study explores the sensitivity of future wind energy market penetration to available wind resources, wind system costs, and competing energy system fuel costs for several possible energy market evolution scenarios. The methodology for the modeling is described in general terms. Cost curves for wind technology evolution are presented and used in conjunction with wind resource estimates and energy market projections to estimate wind penetration into the market. Results are presented that show the sensitivity of the growth of wind energy use to key cost parameters and to some of the underlying modeling assumptions. In interpreting the results, the authors place particular emphasis on the relative influence of the parameters studied. 4 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Energy and oil in Eastern Europe— Status and prospects

Abstract: The energy economies of the states in Eastern Europe—East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania—are in a state of transition.1 This is just one aspect of their overall transition from communism to more liberal political and economic systems. Future developments of the energy sectors in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union will have important implications for world oil and energy market developments, since these countries comprise, as a group, the world's largest oil and gas producers, and they are the second largest energy consumers in the world.

The Energy Scene in the Mid-21st Century

Abstract: Nuclear fusion technology will not enter the energy market before several decades and so must be placed in the context of the energy scene over the next half century or hundred years. The economists’ classical backward look and forecasts consider ten to twenty year spells; however, the position at the time of analysis influences the outcome too greatly not to be accepted without due caution. Therefore, by contrast, the basic and permanent, — one may speak of secular trends — must be distinguished. The paper examines the following points: energy demand and supply equilibrium mechanisms (para, 1), energy demand and supply scenarios (para. 2 and 3), estimate of a future price of energy and “base-load” electricity (para. 4).