Showing papers on "Eye injuries published in 1979"
TL;DR: The records of 1,020 major facial fractures were reviewed, and it was found that the occurrence of life-threatening associated injuries was highly predictable on the basis of the pattern of facial fractures and the circumstances of the injury.
Abstract: The records of 1,020 major facial fractures were reviewed, and it was found that the occurrence of life-threatening associated injuries was highly predictable on the basis of the pattern of facial fractures and the circumstances of the injury. Certain groups of patients have a high probability of associated serious injuries of the central nervous system, the trunk, or the extremities. Probably these patients should be primarily under the care of a surgeon who is capable of the diagnosis and emergency therapy of these associated injuries, as well as the facial injuries, so that appropriate priorities can be established and put in effect.
165 citations
TL;DR: An experimental model for a posterior penetrating eye injury that resulted in traction retinal detachment in 21 rhesus monkey eyes supports clinical observations on the importance of blood in the vitreous in the development of Vitreous traction and traction Retinal detachment after a posterior penetrate injury.
158 citations
82 citations
TL;DR: It is postulate that the presence of contractile fibroblasts (myofibro Blasts) in the vitreous may provide the mechanism for Vitreous traction.
Abstract: The histological findings of the wound, the vitreous, and the retina in the rabbit eye with experimental posterior penetrating injury are described. Wound healing had just begun at 3 days after injury and was well established by 9 to 12 days. It involved proliferation of cells from the episclera and from the choroid. The progression to a fibrous ingrowth from the wound occurred only in eyes with blood in the vitreous. The intravitreal fibroblastic proliferation had begen at 6 days after injury and seemed to be derived from the choroid, the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium and, posteriorly, from the optic nervehead. During the development of retinal detachment the configuration of the peripheral and posterior retina, together with the orientation of vitreous strands, suggested the presence of vitreous traction. We postulate that the presence of contractile fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) in the vitreous may provide the mechanism for vitreous traction. The retinal detachments were also characterised by epiretinal and subretinal membranes, but these were not prominent. The end-stage appearance of a soft, shrunken eye with cyclitic membrane formation and retinal detachment resembles the outcome in many human eyes after severe penetrating injuries.
78 citations
TL;DR: The results establish the principle that vitreous acts as a scaffold for proliferation and removes the structures along which proliferation can occur and thus effectively prevents transvitreal proliferation in eyes that underwent immediate vitrectomy.
Abstract: Perforating injuries were produced in the posterior segments of rabbit eyes. A control group had no surgery; a second group underwent closed vitrectomy immediately after injury; and a third group had closed vitrectomy delayed two weeks following injury. The eyes were then observed for four weeks. Transvitreal proliferation, which was found in each of the control eyes, was effectively prevented in the eyes that underwent immediate vitrectomy. Established transvitreal proliferation was removed and its recurrence prevented by delayed vitrectomy. These results establish the principle that vitreous acts as a scaffold for proliferation. Removal of the vitreous eliminates the structures along which proliferation can occur and thus effectively prevents transvitreal proliferation. Early removal of vitreous in severely injured eyes with vitreous damage is recommended.
60 citations
TL;DR: The case of a young man, suffering from schizophrenia, who injured his eyes with his hands and blinded himself, is described, along with his rehabilitation program, demonstrating the inadequacy of attempting to apply oversimplified psychodynamic explanations.
Abstract: The case of a young man, suffering from schizophrenia, who injured his eyes with his hands and blinded himself, is described, along with his rehabilitation program. The classical and contemporary literature on self-inflicted blindness and self-inflicted eye injuries is reviewed and shows a wide rang
39 citations
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TL;DR: While the act of self-enucleation is rare, other self-inflicted eye injuries may be more common and several common factors are observed in patients and in other cases reported in the literature.
Abstract: While the act of self-enucleation is rare, other self-inflicted eye injuries may be more common. Six patients are reported who have documented histories of ocular self-mutilation. Several common factors are observed in these patients and in other cases reported in the literature: (1) the patient was judged to be psychotic; (2) the patient had a tyrannical conscience; (3) a source of guilt was present; (4) this guilt was displaced to the eye; and (5) an attempt at self-inflicted eye injury was followed by relief from anxiety when completed or by frustration when injury was prevented.
23 citations
TL;DR: This study concerns perforating eye injuries caused by occupational accidents in the years 1970–1977 at Helsinki University Eye Hospital, with results compared with the previous series from this hospital for the years 1950–1951 and 1930–1939.
Abstract: This study concerns perforating eye injuries caused by occupational accidents in the years 1970–1977. These injuries represented 40% of all perforations treated during this period at Helsinki University Eye Hospital. The results were compared with the previous series from this hospital for the years 1950–1951 and 1930–1939.
17 citations
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TL;DR: In this study more patients were admitted with an hyphaema following sports injuries and fewer admitted after motor mower injuries than in an earlier study, but some preventative measures in eye injury are discussed.
Abstract: Patients who were admitted to Auckland Hospital with an eye injury during 1975 have been considered. The cause of injury, type of injury and visual outcome have been recorded. At least 60 percent of the eye injuries occurred during leisure activities. In this study more patients were admitted with an hyphaema following sports injuries and fewer admitted after motor mower injuries than in an earlier study. Some preventative measures in eye injury are discussed.
13 citations
TL;DR: An 18-year-old man with an unsuspected carotid-cavernous fistula underwent enucleation as the result of a severe localized perforating ocular trauma and potentially lethal bleeding occurred that was difficult to control.
5 citations
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TL;DR: Three double perforating eye injuries were managed satisfactorily with vitrectomy six to twelve weeks after injury, suggesting that the timing of surgery may be advantageous, in that inflammation may be less and the risk of hemorrhage lower.
Abstract: Three double perforating eye injuries were managed satisfactorily with vitrectomy six to twelve weeks after injury. This timing of surgery may be advantageous, in that inflammation may be less and the risk of hemorrhage lower. All eyes in our series had spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment, making surgery technically easier. Serial ultrasonography is essential in these cases, and in the presence of retinal detachment, earlier surgery may be indicated.
TL;DR: If I see two serious eye injuries in a small community of 25,000 people, in one summer, I must conclude that beverage-bottle injuries of the eyes must not be very infrequent, but rather frequent.
Abstract: To the Editor —The recent article in theArchivesentitled "Ocular Injuries From Exploding Beverage Bottles" by Mondino et al (96:2040-2041, 1978) is of interest to me, because I happened to see two cases of similar injuries with considerable damage to the eyes, in the summer of 1977 The first case was in a young girl who had been trying to remove the cap from one of the new unbreakable plastic bottles, when the cap hit her left eye, causing corneoscleral laceration, vitreous prolapse, and cataract formation The second case also occurred when the cap of a bottle hit the patient's eye while she was working in the kitchen; it caused a corneal opacity without affecting her vision If I see two serious eye injuries in a small community of 25,000 people, in one summer, I must conclude that beverage-bottle injuries of the eyes must not be very infrequent, but
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TL;DR: Sporting activities, including shotgun injuries, were found to be the cause in a significant number of cases of perforating eye injury, and none in the series was found to have sympathetic ophthalmitis.
Abstract: Of 95 cases of perforating eye injury during the 4-year period 1973 to 1976 reviewed, 21 had a retained intraocular foreign body. Sporting activities, including shotgun injuries, were found to be the cause in a significant number of cases. Four cases of perforating injury due to car battery explosions are also reported. None in the series was found to have sympathetic ophthalmitis. Language: en
TL;DR: The results of retrospective surveys have suggested that in patients noted to have retinal detachments secondary to dialyses, where a definite record of severe blunt injury in the past has been obtained, i.e. hyphaema, vitreous haemorrhage, angle recession, subluxation of the lens, etc., retinal tears were to be found mainly in the upper nasal quadrant.
Abstract: Introduction The aetiology of retinal dialyses in man has been closely linked with direct blunt injuries to the globe, but the mechanisms involved in the production of such lesions, especially those that give rise to retinal detachments, remain uncertain. Studies on cases that have received a non-perforating blow to the globe of sufficient severity to require follow-up ocular examinations indicate that traumatic retinal tears of this type occur infrequently in individuals with previously healthy eyes. More often, breaks at the extreme retinal periphery are associated with retinal cysts, a congenital weakness at the ora serrata (Tulloh 1968), or an abnormally posterior insertion of the vitreous base (Scott 1977). In these circumstances a history of trauma may well point to a provocative, but not the principal, causative factor. In prospective investigations, only two dialyses, both lower temporal in location, were detected in 52 patients who presented to hospital with traumatic hyphaema (Holmes Sellors & Mooney 1973), and retinal breaks at the ora serrata found in just 5 cases, 3 of which showed preexisting peripheral retinal abnormalities, in a series of 108 that had received blunt mechanical injuries (Eagling 1974). Dialyses in this latter group were shown to occur predominantly in cases where the missile had impacted locally on the anterior sclera. The results of retrospective surveys, on the other hand, have suggested that in patients noted to have retinal detachments secondary to dialyses, where a definite record of severe blunt injury in the past has been obtained, i.e. hyphaema, vitreous haemorrhage, angle recession, subluxation of the lens, etc., retinal tears were to be found mainly in the upper nasal quadrant (Cox et al. 1966, Hagler & North 1968), a site reasonably well protected from the direct effects of trauma. Retinal dialyses have been produced experimentally by firing relatively high velocity lowmass missiles at the apex of the cornea of enucleated pigs' eyes embedded in gelatine (Weidenthal & Schepens 1966). These authors believed that the transient distortion of the elastic outer ocular coats, induced while the projectile remained in contact with the globe, with shortening of the antero-posterior axis of the eye and increase in its equatorial diameter, resulted in the inelastic vitreous base exerting increased tension on tissues to which it was attached. The fact that after such injuries retinal tears were noted to occur nasally in the pig, in which the vitreous base is inserted into both the ciliary body and the ora serrata, whereas temporally it is only attached to the ciliary body, provided strong evidence to support this concept. Follow-up in vivo studies of these important experiments described above have, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported in the literature. In this paper the findings of such an investigation are presented and discussed.
TL;DR: The essential findings were total loss of epithelium, necrosis of keratocytes, absence of inflammatory reaction, and absence of superficial stromal repair in the specimen that was obtained 12 days after the accident.
Abstract: A 24-year-old woman sustained bilateral ocular lesions due to projection of mercury into the eyes during an explosion in a chemical laboratory. A lamellar keratectomy was performed on the right eye four hours after the accident, and 12 days later, the same procedure was performed of the left eye. Studies by light and electron microscopy were done on both specimens. The essential findings were total loss of epithelium, necrosis of keratocytes, absence of inflammatory reaction, and absence of superficial stromal repair in the specimen that was obtained 12 days after the accident. These findings indirectly confirm the importance of epithelium and normally vascularized conjunctiva in healing wounds of the cornea.
TL;DR: First- and second-degree flash burns can be treated by the primary care physician, but third-degree burns will require a specialist for extensive debridement and skin grafting.
Abstract: First- and second-degree flash burns can be treated by the primary care physician, but third-degree burns will require a specialist for extensive debridement and skin grafting. Actinic keratitis, often associated with welding and snow skiing, is painful but can be treated with drugs in the office. There is no treatment for eclipse burn. Alkali is more toxic to the eye than is acid and can dill corneal epithelium and endothelium. All chemical burns require copious irrigation, but a patient with an alkali burn must be sent immediately thereafter to an ophthalmic surgeion. Acute glaucoma and acute occlusion of the central retinal artery are the two major nontraumatic eye emergencies. Patients with either of these injuries should be referred to a specialist after emergency measures have been taken.
TL;DR: With modern surgical techniques, the outcome of perforating eye injuries has greatly improved over the past 25 years, but despite this improvement almost one out of every five injured eyes still loses all useful vision.
Abstract: With modern surgical techniques, the outcome of perforating eye injuries has greatly improved over the past 25 years. Table 1 shows a comparison of two series (Roper-Hall 1959, Eagling 1976) of patients with perforating injuries treated at Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital. A much greater percentage of patients now achieve a good standard of vision, but despite this improvement almost one out of every five injured eyes still loses all useful vision.
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