Showing papers on "Fatty streak published in 1982"

Growth factors from platelets, monocytes, and endothelium: their role in cell proliferation*

Abstract: Of the various biological roles assigned to growth factors at the beginning of this article, the factors described here are largely associated with the response to injury. These represent a special type of factor since two of them, PDGF and MDGF, are carried in the circulation by the platelet and the monocyte respectively, and can therefore be delivered to sites where a proliferative response would be an important event in the restitution of tissue continuity. The role of the endothelial-derived growth factor in these phenomena is not clear at present. Atherosclerosis has been suggested to represent a protective proliferative response that has gone awry and become disease. In this instance both PDGF and MDGF could play important roles, since platelets have been associated with the early injury phenomenon and macrophages appear to be present in virtually all phases of the development of the lesions of atherosclerosis from the fatty streak to the fibrous plaque and the complicated lesion. In each of these circumstances the macrophage may be important in lesion progression and possibly in lesion initiation. PDGF may also be important in initiation of some lesions, and in some instances would undoubtedly participate in the fibroproliferative response that occurs during organization of a thrombus.

Functional and Metabolic Characterization of Cells from Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Aorta

Abstract: It has been suggested that blood vessel wall cells, and in particular smooth muscle cells, are involved in all the main manifestations of atherosclerosis, such as hypercellularity, accumulation of lipids and growth of the connective tissue matrix [1, 2]. The generally accepted model used for studying the role of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherogenesis is the culture of these cells. Recently attempts have been made to compare the metabolic, functional and other characteristics of smooth muscle cell in cultures prepared from the intact vascular wall and from the region of atherosclerotic lesion [3–6]. The primary culture in which the cell properties, characteristic in vivo, are preserved to a significant degree, can apparently serve as the most suitable model for a comparison of the functional features of the intact and atherosclerotic vessel.

From the Fatty Streak to the Calcified Lesion

Abstract: Juvenile-type fatty streaks are the earliest lesions that can be recognized by macroscopic inspection of aortas of children. They characteristically appear as small yellow/white dots most frequently in longitudinal lines between the intercostal branches, they stain brilliantly red with macroscopic sudan staining, and Holman reported that they were already present in all children aged more than 3, increased in area rapidly between ages 8–15, and reached a maximum at about age 20 (1).

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Abstract: The normal artery is divided into three layers: the intima, media and adventitia. The adventitia consists of connective and adipose tissue, and its function is to relate the vessel to the surrounding tissues. It plays no part in the development of atherosclerosis and will not be considered further here. The media consists of smooth muscle cells, concentrically and longitudinally arranged. It is separated from the adventitia by the external elastic lamina and from the intima by the much more distinct fenestrated internal elastic lamina. The intima lines the luminal surface of the artery and consists of a thin layer of connective tissue containing, in the normal older artery, a small number of smooth muscle cells, and a single layer of epithelium-like endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the intima and inner media. The cells involved in the process are therefore endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

A Biochemical and Morphological Study of Arterial Wall and Blood Plasma Lipids in Human Atherosclerosis

Abstract: Up to the present the problem of the relationship between fatty streaks and fibrous plaques in the process of human atherogenesis has remained unsolved. The dominating concept is that fibrous plaques are formed as a result of transformation of fatty streaks [2–6]. However, this point of view is not shared by all scientists. Some research workers believe that fatty streaks and fibrous plaques appear independently of each other in the human arterial wall and that each of these atherosclerotic lesions follows its own pathway of development [7–10].