Showing papers on "Forest produce published in 2015"

Implementation of Forest Rights Act: Undoing the Historical Injustices?

Abstract: This paper is based on a critical literature review and looks into the implementation of the Forest Rights Act (FRA) in India, with particular reference to the two states of Chhattisgarh and Gujarat. The paper examines the provisions, whatever little the forest-dependent people had since the colonial regime, when modern forest governance began. Under the forest policy the forest was reserved, barring the locals from entering their own lands, and it has been continuing into the present times. The paper explores how after a long struggle the FRA finally came into being with an acknowledgement by the government about the historical injustices meted out to the poor forest-dependent people. The paper further discusses the status of FRA implementation in the context of the two states, and presents an overview of its implementation at the national level. Finally, it analyses the possible implications on the livelihoods of the forest dependent people in the backdrop of this Act and the impending challenges ahead.

Resinas naturales de especies vegetales mexicanas: usos actuales y potenciales

Abstract: The current state of information on the resin producer Mexican flora, as well as its present and potential applications are reviewed. Plant exudates are regaining their place in the international market and Mexico has a rich coniferous flora, tropical hardwoods and temperate vines, trees, shrubs, and climbing plants which produce resins in varying amounts, having wide application in human activities. Plant exudates are considered minor forest produce (MFP) or non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and could reach or perhaps exceed the economic value of timber production. The 28 plant families mentioned in this review are widely represented in the Mexican flora; they belong to 79 genera which include species that produce resins and are documented in the technical literature. It is necessary to know them deeply in order to identify niche opportunities whether it is in the food industry, leather tanning, processing of varnish, wood preservatives or additives, as they can be viable for the sustainable management of forests and jungles, provided they are used to improve conditions for producers and workers who participate in its transformation.

especies vegetales mexicanas: usos actuales y potenciales Natural resins of Mexican plant species: current and potential end-uses

Abstract: The current state of information on the resin producer Mexican flora, as well as its present and potential applications are reviewed. Plant exudates are regaining their place in the international market and Mexico has a rich coniferous flora, tropical hardwoods and temperate vines, trees, shrubs, and climbing plants which produce resins in varying amounts, having wide application in human activities. Plant exudates are considered minor forest produce ( MFP) or non-timber forest products ( NTFPs), and could reach or perhaps exceed the economic value of timber production. The 28 plant families mentioned in this review are widely represented in the Mexican flora; they belong to 79 genera which include species that produce resins and are documented in the technical literature. It is necessary to know them deeply in order to identify niche opportunities whether it is in the food industry, leather tanning, processing of varnish, wood preservatives or additives, as they can be viable for the sustainable management of forests and jungles, provided they are used to improve conditions for producers and workers who participate in its transformation.

Forest dependence and the utilization patterns of locals in the PirPanjal Himalayas

Abstract: All the societies, in general, have some degree of dependence, directly or indirectly, on forests for certain products and services. Several communities in rural and forest neighboring areas, however, rely heavily on the forest resources for their survival and livelihood. They have evolved traditional ways of making use of forests for obtaining various requirements ranging from the food, fodder and fuel-wood to medicine and timber. In the PirPanjal Himalayas tribal populations in particular and all the people in general shows a tremendous dependence on and a complex relationship with the forests they neighbor. Various groups of people depending upon the type of people-forest relationship include obligatory dependants who reside inside the forests and derive their entire subsistence primarily from them; optional dependants who practice agricultural or other occupations but use forests for various household purposes; and commercial dependants who engage in commercial activities involving logging, collection of forest produce, etc. The commercial utilization of forests though helps some families to earn their livelihood but has, besides introducing illicit and clandestine practices, manifolded the pressures on already stressed forests.. On an average 30-35% of the total income of the people inhabiting hilly tracts comes from natural resources largely including forests. Fodder for livestock is the most frequent usage of forest resources followed by timber and fuel wood collection. Usance as medicine, food, industrial raw material, commercial sale of products (wood and non-wood forest products) is found to be less common in majority of the villages studied. Small scale sale of wood and non-wood forest products (mostly illicit) is, however, observed to be a lucrative practice in certain pockets. Most of the dependence in the region under study is found to be within safer limits but requires more detailed investigations to devise and implement the forest management/conservation strategies. Keywords : forest, forest-dependence, environmental resources, ethno-biology, sustainability

External Intervention, Local Environment, and Knowledge Erosion: A Forest‐Based Community of South India

Abstract: In the context of ongoing discussions of the erosion of indigenous knowledge, this report provides an analysis of how the factors “external” to a particular society may interact with “internal” (localized) factors to affect such knowledge, with a case study of the Konda Reddi of Andhra Pradesh, India. The external factor of market-oriented developmental intervention in the form of the Girijan Cooperative Corporation (GCC) is affecting the local forest resources and the knowledge related to them. The GCC interplay with the local environment has affected the minor forest resources, subsequently eroding and changing that knowledge. [traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous knowledge, minor forest produce, knowledge loss, Konda Reddis]

Implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat (phbm) dalam rangka pelestarian hutan di kph blora

Abstract: The forest is oneness ecosystem organic natural resources which needs to be preserved for the survival of mankind.The management of forest produce may not result in damage to the forest, for that forest ecosystem can run better if components in the forest good biotis and abiotis / environment walk with a good balance.As a function of regional autonomy era local government authorities in the field of setting policy including forestry in their regions.One of them is forest management policies with the community.One of the problems of the region must be reck is a matter of the forest.The paradigm that there is now is how woodsman not only maintained by a state but can be managed in proportional with involving various parties, including the public so public can derive a benefit from the management of forests. This research was conducted to describe the implementation of Joint forest management policy of the community in the framework of the preservation of the forest in KPH Blora. This research is a descriptive method with determination techniques generally purposive informant, the informant in the study amounted to 19 people. Data obtained from in-depth interviews, observation, as well as documentation. The process of data analysis is done by grouping and combining the data obtained, and also set a series of linkages between the data relationships. While the validity of data is tested through the triangulation of data sources so that the data presented is the data is valid. The results showed that the implementation of policy Collaborative Forest Management (CBFM) runs less than optimal where this policy has not been fully optimized in realizing the objectives of CBFM. CBFM policy implementation runs less than optimal due to the persistence of the factors that constrain the implementation of CBFM so CBFM policy can not be implemented perfectly, partly because the funds have not been given the benefit sharing for communities, community involvement and agencies involved in CBFM less, still found LMDH who do not have a productive business, security threats such as forest fires and illegal logging is still rampant, LMDH not become entrenched organization for forest villagers, from all LMDH mindset that only prioritize the assistance / sharing so LMDH less independence, lack of coordination in monitoring and mentoring activities, the implementation of CBFM is not fully supported by the local community, the District Communication Forum activities have not been able to accommodate the aspirations of the people, there is still a basic level of miscommunication LMDH/Perhutani, inadequate resources such as human resources, budget resources and facilities of forestry resources and from the Forest Service, tend to be top-down mechanisms that inhibit community in achieving outcomes.

Implementing the Forest Rights Act: Lack of political will?

Abstract: Historically, usage of and access to forest resources by India’s Adivasi community and other forest dwellers have been considered encroachment and their efforts to acquire forest land have been used as evidence of their anti-development attitude. Government policy has continued to deny them legal rights to use, manage and conserve forest resources and to hold forest lands that they have been residing on and cultivating. In 2006, the passage of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dweller’s (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act (hereafter FRA) tried to make amends by recognizing the customary rights of forest dwellers, including the right over common areas and the right to manage and sell forest produce. However, the overall implementation of FRA still suffers from inadequate community awareness; conflicting legislation; the lack of a dedicated structure for implementation and devoted staff; administrative roadblocks to smooth processing of claims; and a governance deficit.

Livelihood empowerment opportunities through planned tapping of medicinal plants as minor forest produce

Abstract: Forests are the incredible gift of nature. These have benefited humanity not only by providing water, oxygen and soil conservation but also offer financial support to human being through articles of day-to-day utility like wood, fodder, fruits, flowers, herbs honey, wax etc. The directly found products in abundance from forest like wood, fodder (forage, bait) etc. are spoken as to be major forest produce. Whereas the products that are available comparatively in minute quantity such as amla, fruit, gum, honey, wax, flower, herbs and nectar etc. are called minor forest produce. Now-a-days when biodiversity and forest conservation is focused all around and there is utter need aforethought resources towards eradication of famishment and unemployment. Under such circumstances harnessing the available forest minor produce particularly herbs, flowers, honey and wax etc. in proper manner can be an option for the sustained livelihood to territorial community. In the present scenario livelihood empowerment through planned tapping of minor forest produce could serve a joint conciliation for effective management of poverty, starvation and forest conservation. In spite of the rising demands of natural products day-by-day, the biodiversity (especially forest produce) could have not been utilized optimally for long term opportunity for livelihood empowerment as expected. Hence, the objective of present paper is to evolve prosperity and equity in society and to encourage simultaneously the conservation and promotion of natural resources and environment by imparting public interest towards forests with involvement of families around forest area and rural community primarily women and paupers providing them option for empowerment of their livelihood through forest resources. Hkkjrh; oS Kkfud ,oa vkS |ks fxd vuq la /kku if=kdk o"kZ 23 vad 1 twu 2015 i`24-30

Dependence of Local Communities on Forest Resources: Implications for Protected Area Management in Melghat Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: This paper discusses the factors responsible for the dependence of local communities on the forest resources of Melghat Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra and possible steps that can be taken to reduce this dependence to make it sustainable. Melghat was declared a Tiger Reserve in 1973 and covers an area of 1597 km2. The area is inhabited by tribals and non-tribals and is under anthropogenic pressures due to extraction of natural resources for subsistence by a large number of people and livestock. There were 61 revenue villages located within the tiger reserve with a human population of more than 25000 and a livestock population of more than 26000. While 69% of the households were tribal households the remaining 31% were non-tribal households, mostly agro-pastoralists. The local people in the protected area had subsistence forest-based economies and were therefore dependent on the forest resources for their sustenance throughout the year. The level and nature of dependence was found to be determined both by the lifestyle of the people as well as the degree of accessibility of the protected area from urban and semi-urban areas. Economic dependence was the result of “lack of alternatives” either due to “non-availability” or due to “lack of purchasing power”. Direct economic dependence of the local communities was for fuel wood, non-timber forest produce (NTFPs), timber, bamboo, water and pasturing of cattle. While the tribals largely practiced subsistence agriculture and mostly worked as labour, the agro-pastoralists were engaged in dairying activities. Socio-economic data were collected through household interviews in villages located within the protected area using open and closed-ended questionnaires. A total of 243 households (>20%) were sampled of which >50% were tribal households, >70% were landless, marginal or small landholders, and >80% families owned livestock. The creation of the tiger reserve brought about significant changes in the dimension and equations of dependence. For local communities it translated in loss of economic opportunities and benefits which they traditionally derived. This has resulted in negative attitudes towards the forest department due to increased human-wildlife conflict bringing considerable strain on park-people relationships. Major management issues that need to be addressed are- dependence of local communities resulting in conflicts with the objectives of conservation and negative attitudes of the people towards forest department; inadequate coordination between forest department and district administration and other institutions/agencies working in the area and exploring employment opportunities especially for 8% of the families who are without land and livestock.