Showing papers on "Frustum published in 2005"

Inward inversion of capped-end frusta as impact energy absorbers

Abstract: Results of an experimental investigation on the quasi-static axial inward inversion of right circular frusta are given. Effects of wall thickness, frustum angle and material on inversion were studied by quasi-static as well as drop hammer dynamic tests. Finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of the deformation modes are presented. The results of the experimental and the FE analyses are discussed. A good agreement is reported between the force histories predicted by the FE study and the experimental results.

Element of fastening accessories to metal windows and doors

Abstract: An element for fastening accessories to metal window and door frames includes a monolithic metal body with a cylindrical central portion having a threaded inner hole. An insertion portion has a cone frustum shape with decreasing diameter from the diameter of the cylindrical central portion towards one end. A stop portion includes a circumferential throat delimited by a shoulder whose outer diameter is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical central portion. The outer diameter of the shoulder is joined to the cylindrical central section by a cone frustum shaped segment. A first series of through longitudinal grooves extends on a part of the length of the cylindrical central portion and on the insertion portion and defines a first section deformable radially inwardly relative to a non-deformed resting configuration. A second series of through longitudinal grooves extends on a part of the length of the cylindrical central portion and on the stop portion and forms a second section deformable elastically inwardly relative to the non-deformed configuration.

Direct backlight and display device

Abstract: A direct backlight includes a plastic spacer pin. The spacer pin is formed of a semispherical portion and a conical frustum portion. The spacer pin is disposed such that the thicker end of the conical frustum portion is coupled to the bottom surface of the chassis, with the semispherical portion placed to face a diffuser plate. The radius of curvature of the tip of the semispherical portion is 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The diameter of the end of the conical frustum portion on the semispherical portion side is 1.1 mm to 2 mm. The ratio (L/B) is less than 5 where L is the length of the spacer pin and B is the diameter of the thicker end of the conical frustum portion.

Evaluation of hook handles in a pulling task.

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of handle design characteristics on subjective ratings and pulling forces, meat-hook handles with various handle shapes, sizes, and hook positions were tested in a pulling task. Finger and phalange force data measured by force sensitive resistors and subjective ratings of discomfort were also evaluated. Generally subjects preferred 37-mm double frustum, 30-mm oval handles followed by 30-mm double frustum handles, 37-mm oval, and 45-mm double frustum handles. In the analyses of total pulling force, 37- and 45-mm double frustum handles showed less required pulling force than the others. The averages of finger force contributions to the total pulling force were 27.2, 28.1, 23.9, and 20.8% in order from index to little fingers. The average of phalange force contributions were 28.8, 33.6, and 37.6% for the distal, middle, and proximal phalanges, respectively. The findings illustrate that the pulling finger forces and subjective discomfort ratings were related to the handle shape as well as handle size. handle evaluation finger/phalange force contributions hook pulling task

Ball Bar Measurement Equivalent to Cone Frustum Cutting on Multi-axis Machine : Comparison of Ball Bar Measurement with Cutting Test on Spindle-tilt Type 5-axis MC

Abstract: Ball Bar Measurement Equivalent to Cone Frustum Cutting on Multi-axis Machine Yukitoshi IHARA, Osaka Institute of Technology Kazuya TANAKA, Shin Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. NAS 979 is well-known standard for testing motion accuracy of multi-axis machine tools. One of the testing method of the standard is to cut a cone frustum and measure its accuracy. Although it is established for long time ago, it is still used since better method not exists. Ball bar test seems to be more convenient method for measuring motion accuracy because NAS 979 needs two processes that include machining and measuring. In this study, ball bar measurement method equivalent to cone frustum cutting of NAS 979 is studied.

Development of a Robot-Based Sheet Metal Forming Process

Abstract: This paper describes a new sheet metal forming process for the production of sheet components for prototypes and small lot sizes. The generation of the shape is based on kinematics and is implemented by means of a new forming machine consisting of two industrial robots. Compared to conventional sheet metal forming machines, this newly developed forming process offers a high geometrical form flexibility, and comparatively small deformation forces enable high deformation degrees. The principle of the procedure is based on flexible shaping by means of a freely programmable path-synchronous movement of the two robots. The final shape is produced by the incremental infeed of the forming tool in depth direction and its movement along the contour in lateral direction at each level of the depth direction. The supporting tool with its simple geometry is used to support the sheet metal and follows the forming tool at the rear side of the sheet metal. The sheet metal components manufactured in first attempts are of simple geometry like frustum and frustum of pyramids as well as spherical cups. Among other things the forming results are improved by an adjustment of the movement strategy, a variation of individual process parameters and geometric modifications of the tools. In addition to a measurement of the form deviations of the sheet with a Coordinate Measurement Machine, screened and deformed sheets are used for deformation analyses. Furthermore, the incremental forming process is analysed with assistance of the finite element method. In total the results show that a robot-based sheet metal forming with kinematic shape generation is possible and leads to acceptable forming results. In order to be able to use the potential of this process, a goal-oriented process design is as necessary as specific process knowledge. In order to achieve process stability and safety, the essential process parameters and the process boundaries have to be determined.

Apparatus and method for a frustum culling algorithm suitable for hardware implementation

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a frustum culling algorithm suitable for hardware implementation. In one embodiment, the method includes the separation of coordinates of a normal vector of each frustum plane of a frustum view into positive normal coordinates and negative normal coordinates. In one embodiment, the separation of the coordinates of each normal vector of the frustum planes enables implicit selection of the coordinates of a negative vertex (N-vertex) of an axis-aligned bounded box (AABB). Once implicitly selected, it is determined whether the N-vertex of the AABB is outside at least one frustum plane. In one embodiment, a determination that the N-vertex of the AABB is outside at least one of the frustum planes provides a trivial reject of objects enclosed by the AABB that are therefore is excluded from the rendering process. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Steel-smelting slag-discharging device

Abstract: This invention is a iron-smelting residue extractor. The residue extractor is comprises extraction cap, the slag tube, the balancer, the heat-fast coating of slag tube, the heat-fast coating of extraction cap, the position limiting ring of slag tube, the slinger ring of extraction cap, the slinger ring of slag tube, the orientation column and indicating light of molten steel appearance. Put the horn frustum extraction cap into the tap ladle, under the function of the balancer the extraction cap sinks to the slag gradually, the slag raises along the lower surface of the horn frustum of extraction cap and flows into the upper surface of the horn frustum of the extraction cap through the upper part of the cap, and the four sides are warded by the slag tube. When the slag is extracted and the molten steel is near the upper surface of the horn frustum of the extraction cap, the indicating light lights, sling the slinger ring of extraction cap to make extractor break away from the tap ladle. This invention has the characteristics of mall working intensity; fast slag extraction, little temperature falling of the molten steel and simple equipment.

Load-Carrying Capacity of Circular Plates Made of a Fiber-Reinforced Composite

Abstract: The load-carrying capacity of circular plates made of a fiber-reinforced composite and loaded with axisymmetric transverse forces under axisymmetric boundary conditions is investigated. The plates can be freely supported or clamped along their contour. To the known yield condition used, in the plane of main bending moments, there correspond irregular hexagons, which depend on the mechanical properties of composite constituents and some characteristic geometrical parameters. It is shown that, depending on the ratio of ultimate radial and circumferential bending moments, in the plastic state, the circular plates (the central part of the clamped plates) take the form of a cone or a frustum of cone. For each of the cases, the limit load is found, which is a function of the above-mentioned mechanical parameters. The statically allowable fields of bending moments and the corresponding allowable fields of deflection rates are determined. The solutions found are exact. Special cases for the freely supported plates are analyzed, and the results obtained are presented in the form of graphs.

Apparatus for removing damaged fasteners

Abstract: A socket head having a cylindrical external configuration with an upper end and a lower end and with a cavity on the upper end adapted to receive the end of a turning tool. The lower end of the socket head is fabricated with a frustum shaped cavity. The frustum shaped cavity has an interior surface formed with a plurality of inverted L-shaped projections that are at angles from its main axis. Each inverted L-shaped projection is in a helix pattern twisting down into the tool. The radius of the angles is smaller toward the interior of the tool, creating a contact surface for a variety of fastener sizes.

Deformed paper container for liquid

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a deformed paper container for liquid having a shape which can deal with a simple filling-packaging machine which only performs a tight sealing of the head section after filling a content SOLUTION: This paper container for liquid comprises a trunk section comprising four side-wall panels, a square bottom surface, and the head section having a gable style roof-like shape The side-wall panel has a trapezoidal shape for which the upper edge is longer than the lower edge, and the container main body is constituted in a manner to become an inverted square frustum shape COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Oblique View Frustum Depth Projection and Clipping

Abstract: Several 3D rendering techniques have been developed in which part of the fi- nal image is the result of rendering from a virtual camera whose position in the scene dif- fers from that of the primary camera. In these situations, there is usually a planar surface, such as the reflecting plane of a mirror, that can be considered the physical boundary of the recursively rendered image. In order to avoid artifacts that can arise when rendered geometry penetrates the boundary plane from the perspective of the virtual camera, an additional clipping plane must be added to the standard six-sided view frustum. However, many 3D graphics processors cannot support an extra clipping plane natively, or require that vertex and fragment shaders be augmented to explicitly perform the additional clip- ping operation. This paper discusses a technique that modifies the projection matrix in such a way that the conventional near plane of the view frustum is repositioned to serve as the generally oblique boundary clipping plane. Doing so avoids the performance penalty and burden of developing multiple shaders associated with user-defined clipping planes by keeping the total number of clipping planes at six. The near plane is moved without affecting the four side planes, but the conventional far plane is inescapably destroyed. We analyze the ef- fect on the far plane as well as the related impact on depth buffer precision and present a method for constructing the optimal oblique view frustum.

Manufacturing method of near-field optical head

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of a near field optical head excellent in mass productivity and low cost nature. SOLUTION: This method is for manufacturing a near-field optical head equipped with a substrate 101, near field light generating elements (102, 103) including a cone or frustum 201 formed on an undersurface of the substrate, and an air bearing surface 105 forming almost the same plane as those elements (102, 103). By an outline shape forming process for forming the outline shape of the near-field optical head by a die transferring work; a grinding process for grinding a top face of the outline shape of the cone or frustum formed by the outline shape forming process and a top face of the outline shape of the air bearing surface; and a shaping process for etching the outline shape of the cone or frustum 201 and the outline shape of an air bearing surface 202, the process forming the near-field light generating element and the air bearing 105 is formed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Front combined electrid dust removing and air flow even distribution smoke box

Abstract: The utility model relates to a front combined electric dust removing and air flow even distribution smoke box, which is characterized in that the utility model comprises a cast air flue 1 having a guide current plate, a frustum cone shape container 2, a blind window 3, the electrostatic separator 4 of the trough plate, an ash bucket 5 of polygon frustum cone shape and an air flow distribution plate 6; the blind window 3 is obliquely arranged in the frustum cone shape container 2, and the blind window 3 is composed of a plurality of approximate Z-shaped louvered boards 7 arranged evenly; the electrostatic separator 4 of the trough plate and the air flow distribution plate 6 are orderly arranged at the air outlet of the frustum cone shape container 2. The utility model has double actions that the airflow is separated from the dust by the centrifugal force and the electrostatic force, and the uniform distribution of the velocity field of the exit section of the smoke box is trapped and ensured; the front combined electric dust removing and air flow even distribution smoke box has the advantages of multifunction, low resistance, high efficiency and small volume. The dust collection efficiency eta = 30-90 percent, the resistance delta P=200-350 Pa, the relative mean square value of the velocity field of the exit section of the smoke box sigma <=0. 15; the utility model is suitable for the air admittance smoke box of the large-scale electrostatic separator.

Hood structure for vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hood structure for a vehicle capable of making magnitude of reaction force uniform by letting a swelling part formed on an inner panel have planer isotropic property against load from above and reducing a reaction force value to a collision object. SOLUTION: A large number of swelling parts 10 of equilateral trigonal pyramid frustum of predetermined size having an apex part 11 swelled in an outer panel 2 direction are continuously formed on an inner panel 3 in a desired range of the inner panel 3 while sharing respective side parts 12 by the adjacent ones and the respective side parts 12 shared by the adjacent swelling parts 10 of the equilateral trigonal pyramid frustum are crossed in rotation symmetry with an angle of π/3. Thereby, the respective swelling parts 10 of the equilateral trigonal pyramid frustum become a structure having planer isotropic property to the load from above and a ridgeline part 14 radially extending from the apex part 12 is formed on a portion where the respective side surfaces 13 are crossed. Therefore, the engine hood 1 is equally extended in any direction along a hood surface and is deformed while ensuring high rigidity to the load from above. Thereby, a reaction force value is reduced when the collision object is interfered and the hood 1 is suppressed from being locally largely recessed/deformed. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Angle connecting component element of tubular cabinet frame vertical pipe

Abstract: The utility model relates to an angle connecting component element of the tubular cabinet frame vertical pipe. When pulled by screws, a frustum cone support block which is inserted into the concave hole of a deforming block frustum cone shifts correspondingly to the concave hole of the deforming block and expands the deforming block. The deforming block is made to contact the vertical pipe. Thereby, the vertical pipe is fixed on a cross beam by screws which are coated on the cross beam to achieve the angle connection. The angle connecting component element of the tubular cabinet frame vertical pipe is easy to install and the connection is firm and reliable. The external appearance of the vertical pipe is not affected. The support block and the deforming block can be made into standard components according to the shape and the format of the lateral section of the vertical pipe, and supplied matching with the vertical pipe material for convenient popularizing application. A slotted hole and a clamp nut are arranged in the support block. Screw bolts are adopted as the screws. The clamping force is big and repeated disassembling and assembling are suitable for repetitious use. The bottom surface of the deforming block matches the appearance of the cross beam, which makes the fixing of the vertical pipeon the cross beam more appropriate and stable. A shim is cushioned between the nail head of the screw and the cross beam. Not only the stress surface can be enlarged, but the strengthening function to the tubular cross beam can be obtained if appropriate width and thickness of the shim are selected.

Fixator for hydrology sensor in buoy

Abstract: The utility model relates to a fixer for a surface hydrology sensor in buoy, which is composed of a well type structure body and a mounting bar that is penetrated in the well type structure body and is fixed on both ends of the well type structure body. The well type structure body is composed of a steel pipe that is penetrated and welded on a buoy body, a well bottom frustum that is welded at the lower end of the steel pipe, and a well mouth flange that is welded at the upper end of the steel pipe. For the convenience of installation, the mounting bar is made of the steel pipe, and a bar end flange matched with a well mouth flange is welded at the upper end of the mounting bar. A frustum matched with the well bottom frustum is welded below the mounting bar. The surface hydrology sensor is fixed on the buoy by the utility model, and the existing ocean buoy hardware and the software resource can be fully utilized. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and reliable fixation. The data of the sensor can be transmitted to a shore station through a buoy communication system, and the surface hydrology sensor monitoring can be carried out. The utility model saves a good deal of human energy and material resources, and contributes a lot to the improvement of the ocean monitoring technique of China.

Screwing tool with a working tip having a rib arising from a cone frustum

Abstract: The invention relates to a screwing tool, in particular a screwdriver or screwdriving bit (1) with a torque introduction zone (2) and a profiled working tip (3) that can be inserted into the screwing tool insertion opening (16) of a screw (17). The working tip (3) has a substantially frusto-conical core (4) and ribs (6) that project radially outwards from the cylindrical surface (5) of the cone frustum and extend in the axial direction, and the flanks (8) of the ribs (6) that proceed from a head (7) of each rib and point away from one another merge with the cylindrical surface (5) with a rounded base area (9). The essential aspect of the invention is that the base area of the flank (8) is situated in a groove (10), said groove (10) having a rounded bottom.

Ambient light lens

Abstract: A lens is provided for use in a vehicle interior ambient light device. The lens provides a beam of light that is narrower and is directed to a desirable position on different vehicle models and versions of those models. The lens includes an upper section having a shape that is a section of a frustum of a cone. The lens also includes a lower section having a shape of a frustum of an oblique cone with an oval base. Textured surfaces of the sides of the frustum of the lower section prevent the emission of stray light beams.

Blind spot reduction system

Abstract: An embodiment of a variable field of view mirror includes a reflective mirror portion defined, at least in part, by a reflecting surface selectively defining, with respect to a viewer, a visible frustum. The visible frustum has a viewing segment defining a predetermined arc taken normal to an axis. At least a portion of the reflecting surface is selectively deformable to increase the arc of the viewing segment.

Fluid transfer channel`s flexible pipe end and rigid tube end connecting system for automobile field, has tooth presenting right section for opposing rotation between rigid tube and flexible pipe after being assembled with each other

Abstract: The system has a nozzle (5) with retention teeth (7), which is machined towards the end of a rigid metallic tube (1) and on which an end of a flexible pipe is fitted with force. A tooth (7a) of the nozzle presents a non circular right section for opposing relative rotation between the tube and the pipe after being assembled with each other. The tooth has a right section in the shape of frustum of cone with an edge (10) at a hexagonal base.

Device for producing column type active carbon particles

Abstract: The utility model relates to a device for producing column type active carbon particles, comprising a stamping head, a die carrier separately installed on a press platform, a hollow chamber in the die carrier, a bottom formwork in the hollow chamber, a submodule bore on the bottom formwork, a submodule embedded in the submodular bore and a stamping bore on the submodule The lower part of the die carrier is connected with the hollow chamber and is from the top to the bottom provided with an inverted frustum body hollow chamber and a discharge port; the bottom formwork is inserted into the frustum shaped hollow chamber by closely self-lock type; the shape of the bottom formwork is in shape of a frustum body or a complex whose upper part is a cylinder and lower part is a frustum body Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of reasonable structure, strong bearing, non breach for the die carrier, the bottom formwork and the submodule, easy replacement, long service life, light weight, high efficiency, low cost, etc

Window shutter type dust removing and air flow uniform distributing smoke box

Abstract: The utility model relates to a window shutter type dust removing and air flow uniform distributing smoke box, which is characterized in that the utility model comprises a cast air flue 1 having a guide current plate, a frustum cone shape container 2, a window shutter 3, an ash bucket 4 of polygon frustum cone shape and an air flow distribution plate 5; the window shutter 3 is obliquely arranged in the frustum cone shape container 2; the window shutter 3 comprises a plurality of Z-shaped shutter boards 6 arranged evenly. The utility model has double actions that the airflow is separated from the dust, and the uniform distribution of the velocity field of the exit section of the smoke box is trapped and ensured; the window shutter type dust removing and air flow uniform distributing smoke box has the advantages of multifunction, low resistance, high efficiency and small volume. The processing air flow (10-100)* 10 m /h, the dust concentration C=10-1000 g/Nm , the dust granule d=20-150 m mu m, the dust collection efficiency eta =30-80 percent, the resistance delta P=200-350 Pa, the relative mean square value of the velocity field of the exit section of the smoke box sigma = 0. 1-0. 25; the utility model is suitable for the air admittance smoke box of the middle and small-sized electrostatic separator.

Optical detector having a sensing element, a lens and a frustum coupled to the lens

Abstract: A detector having a field of view in elevation on the order of one hundred eighty degrees in one plane and three hundred sixty degrees in a perpendicular plane includes a generally hemispherical lens in combination with an optical frustum. The combination directs incident radiant energy within the field of view onto a centrally located sensor.

Space block for negative bending moment reinforcing bar of concrete protective layer

Abstract: The utility model relates to a space block for negative bending moment reinforcing bar of concrete protective layer. The body of the space block is a frustum body or a bevel body. The upper bottom face of the frustum body or the bevel body is provided with a groove. As the space block of the utility model is the frustum body or the bevel body and the upper bottom face of the frustum body or the bevel body is provided with the groove, the utility model has better mechanical property after the practical certification, and the structural support stress is preferable. The utility model has the same concrete strength with the parent body, which can adapt for the construction condition of the cast-in-place board with multiple thicknesses and is provided with definite practicability. The space block of the utility model can be produced in mould mode and in volume production. The high and low dimensional errors of the utility model can be held in the speculated range of the specification. When in construction, the distance and the high and low of the negative bending moment reinforcing bar can be held without banding, and thus the utility model has simple operation.

Optical and electronic device for locating and mapping e.g. transuranic element, has optical capillary fiber bundle comprising shape of cylinder or frustum of pyramid with square base or frustum of cone

Abstract: The device has an optical capillary fiber bundle (1) comprising the shape of a cylinder or a frustum of pyramid with square base or a frustum of cone. The bundle has a large front base directed towards a source to be located and a large rear base in contact with a photon detector. The bundle presents an outer diameter in the range of 1 to 20 centimeters and a length in the range of 2 to 50 centimeters.

Grille assembly and dust-collecting apparatus having a grille assembly

Abstract: The assembly has air passages formed on a grill body, and a dust blocking portion (43) arranged at a lower portion of the grill body The dust blocking portion blocks the dust entrained in an air current ascending toward the grill body to deflect the dust toward whirling air current The blocking portion has a portion formed as a frustum cone and another portion formed as a hollow cylinder The prior portion formed as the frustum cone has a gradually increasing diameter downward The other portion formed as the hollow cylinder vertically extends from a lower side of the prior portion An Independent claim is also included for a cyclone dust collecting apparatus for use in a vacuum cleaner

Oven or grill trays

Abstract: A tray 3 for supporting food in an oven or under a grill, formed by a plate 4 and walls 5 extending from and around the plate 4. The plate 4 has an arrangement of raised surface portions 6 for supporting food to facilitate removal of the food from the plate 4. The surface portions 6 may be in the form of cones, pyramids, frustoconical portions or otherwise frustum shaped portions.

Stake e.g. building stake, pavior penetration stake and construction stake, for use in public works field, has steel rod whose sharp tapered end includes base and is presented in shape of pyramid frustum with four sides

Abstract: The stake (1) has a steel rod (2) whose sharp tapered end (3) has a base (4) connected to the rod The base has a circular or elliptic shape The tapered end is presented in the shape of a pyramid frustum with four sides The opposite sides of the pyramid frustum have equal heights and adjacent sides (10, 11) of the frustum have different heights which are measured from an apex (6) of the frustum to the base