Showing papers on "Fuzzy-trace theory published in 1995"
TL;DR: Four areas of experimentation are considered in which research under the aegis of fuzzy-trace theory is in progress: suggestibility and false memories; judgment and decision making; theDevelopment of forgetting; and the development of retrieval.
1,066 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three experiments stemming from fuzzy-trace theory addressed information seeking on probability problems, and the cognitive representation of hit-rates, base-rates and the contrapositive.
Abstract: Recently, the ‘heuristics and biases’ approach to the study of decision making has been criticized, with a call for better integrated theory. Three experiments stemming from fuzzy-trace theory addressed information seeking on probability problems, and the cognitive representation of hit-rates, base-rates, and the contrapositive. As predicted by the fuzzy-trace principle of ‘denominator neglect’, many subjects exhibited ‘conversion errors’, confusing the hit-rate, P(A|B), with the answer, P(B|A). These subjects sought base-rates less often than other subjects. On causal problems, more subjects correctly represented base-rates, sought base-rates more often, and produced more accurate estimates than on non-causal problems. Subjects tutored on the meaning of the hit-rate sought the base-rate more often, and were more accurate than control subjects. Results are explained by fuzzy-trace theory principles of gist extraction, fuzzy processing preference, denominator neglect, and output interference.
99 citations
TL;DR: The authors examine seven issues raised by the commentators: the relationship between memory and reasoning; constructivism; the nature of gist memories; rationality, consciousness, and transfer across tasks; basic and strategic processes in memory development; global versus local theories of development; and implications of fuzzy-trace theory for the study of individual differences.
98 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of interference effects in memory and reasoning is presented, including inferential remembering, source confusions, suggestibility and autosuggestibility, and reasoning errors in a variety of paradigms.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Interference permits to explain some of the complexities of classical phenomena of cognitive development. This chapter discusses a collection of cognitive phenomena using different theories. These include inferential remembering, source confusions, suggestibility and autosuggestibility, and reasoning errors in a variety of paradigms. This chapter begins with an introduction to the general issue of the relationship between memory and reasoning. It also discusses how multiple verbatim and gist memories can lead to interference, and introduce taxonomy of interference effects. The taxonomy is used to explore commonalities among apparently disparate phenomena such as gist-based interference in memory and reasoning. The chapter closes with an account on the implications of interference for constructive memory and for conceptions of reasoning competence.
83 citations
14 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: The authors discuss some implications of this theory for certain aspects of cognitive development and some of the issues that are not yet resolved in this theoretical approach and discuss some issues that need to be resolved.
1 citations