Showing papers on "Graphology published in 2015"

Handwriting Analysis for Detection of Personality Traits using Machine Learning Approach

Abstract: Among all the unique characteristics of a human being, handwriting carries the richest information to gain the insights into the physical, mental and emotional state of the writer. Graphology is the art of studying and analysing handwriting, a scientific method used to determine a person‟s personality by evaluating various features from the handwriting. The prime features of handwriting such as the page margins, the slant of the alphabets, the baseline etc. can tell a lot about the individual. To make this method more efficient and reliable, introduction of machines to perform the feature extraction and mapping to various personality traits can be done. This compliments the graphologists, and also increases the speed of analysing handwritten samples. Various approaches can be used for this type of computer aided graphology. In this paper, a novel approach of machine learning technique to implement the automated handwriting analysis tool is discussed.

Writer Identification from Handwritten Devanagari Script

Abstract: This paper presents analysis of Devanagari characters for writer identification. Being originated from Brahmic script, Devanagari is the most popular script in India. It is used by over 400 million people around the world. Application of writer identification of Devanagari handwritten characters covers a vast area such as The Questioned Document Examination (QDE) is an area of the Forensic Science with the main purpose to answer questions related to questioned document (authenticity, authorship and others). Signature verification in banking, in Graphology (study of handwriting) a theory or practice for inferring a person’s character, disposition, and attitudes from their handwriting. Here we collect 5 copies of handwritten characters to nullify intra-writing variation, from 50 different people mainly students. After preprocessing and character extraction, 64-dimensional feature is computed based on gradient of the images. Some manual processing is required because some noises are too difficult to remove automatically as they are much closer to the characters. We have used LIBLINEAR and LIBSVM classifiers of WEKA environment to get the individuality of characters. We have done the writer identification with all the characters and obtained 99.12 % accuracy for LIBLINEAR with all writers. Features collected from this work can be used in the next level to identify writers from their cursive writing.

Detecting features of human personality based on handwriting using learning algorithms

Abstract: Handwriting analysis is useful for understanding the personality characteristics through the patterns created by the handwriting and can reveal features such as mental and emotional instability. On the other hand, it is difficult to determine the personality, especially when it is associated with the law because there is no threshold or scale being able to make detailed results of the analysis. This thesis aims to provide an automated solution to recognize the personality of the author by combining image processing and pattern recognition techniques. The personality recognition system proposed in this project is composed of two main parts: training and testing. In the training part, after feature extraction from all image patterns of the input text, a proportional output is created through the MMPI personality test. Then these inputs are trained to the neural network as a pattern. As a result of this training, a comprehensive database will be formed. In the testing part, the database is used as a main comparison reference. After feature extraction, the input text image is compared with all patterns in the database to find the closest image to the input text image. Finally, the MMPI personality test output for the proposed text image is introduced as the output personality parameters.

An introduction to graphology: definition, theoretical background and levels of analysis

Abstract: Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language1. This term was first brought into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh (1961), who considered it an analogous mode to that of phonology. In his paper “Graphology and Meaning”, he declared he had used graphology “in a sense which is intended to answer, in the realm of written language, to that of ‘phonology’ in the realm of spoken language” (1961: 107). A few years later, Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens (1964: 50) broadened this concept when they connected it to spelling, punctuation and any other matter related to graphic resources in language. Other linguists such as Vachek (1973), Sampson (1985), Coulmas (1991, 1999) and Harris (1995) have also worked on graphology, paying close attention to the properties of alphabets and their evolution throughout history.

Graphology as a Linguistic Level of Analysis: Definition, Theoretical Background and Proposals for Categorization

Abstract: The present paper aims at presenting some fundamental ideas that clarify the concept of graphology as a linguistic level of analysis. Departing from the lack of a theoretical apparatus at this level, this article explains what graphology means, what has been previously published on this matter and how this can be categorized into different sub-levels of study according to Levenston (1992) and Lennard (2005). This paper takes for granted Firth’s (1957) belief that all branches of linguistics are concerned with meaning; and that graphology should therefore receive due attention from linguists as all the other linguistic levels (i.e. lexis, grammar or phonology) have. The results of this research indicate that graphology as a system has been neglected both in theoretical and in practical terms. Further work in this field is therefore needed in order to facilitate the analysis of visual elements in literary and non-literary texts.

The Psychology of the Movements of Handwriting

Abstract: Originally published in 1926, this title is a summary in English of the works of the great French graphologist Jules Crepieux-Jamin. He was recognised at the time in France as the first authority on the subject of graphology, but was less well-known in England and America. This title brought his work to the English speaking world and he went on to be known as one of the most important exponents of graphology.

Micro Expressions and Graphology in Education A psycho-educational analysis model

Abstract: During last years the communication topic between student and teacher become very important. The aim is to make the learner to become aware about him, during the educational program and to adjust teacher behavior to accomplish his mission. The selfknowledge and self-control usefulness of the actors involved in the educational process is visible within a known and controlled training process and within socio-cultural relationships. The teacher competence to attract attention regarding his profession depends on his professional experience. In case when the educational context requires, teacher guides by words the learner about his activity. Nevertheless the guidance by words is not a single tool able to strength the relation of communication and to train the learner. So teacher has to use another ways to facilitate the behavioral self-regulation of his learners. Teachers could use some tools he often ignores them because during his own training these were not presented as fundamental. We observed systematically micro expressions and handwritten texts from a relevant group of subjects having different ages and we analyzed learners and teacher’s reactions, and relationships between pupils and teachers. Results of this research demonstrate that learners involved in an educational process can control an optimized communication that improve their relationships and strengths their knowledge and self-knowledge if they are involved in training process in micro-expressions and graphology fields.

The influence of implicit achievement motive and graphological variables on learning variables

Abstract: There are several methods of implicit measurement. A very valid and wide spread assessment of motives by using the technique of projection is picture story exercises (PSE). Graphology, as theory of inferences on personality and motives by analyzing handwriting, is another one. The presented study examines the commons of the both measurement methods and their prediction of achievement behaviour. So, the achievement motive of 189 students was assessed using the PSE of Heckhausen (1963) and afterwards their handwriting was scored by a categorical system of Ploog (2013). Achievement related behaviour was operatively analyzed with self-reported learning time, learning behaviour and task-choice performance. It is shown that implicit motives measured by PSE are related with the criteria of task-choice performance. It is shown that both implicit motives measured by PSE and graphological variables deliver information about learning variables.

Statement Analysis of Deception Detection

Abstract: Deception detection can be achieved through the following linguistic method: Statement Analysis, which is illustrated by examples based mainly on the theories in lexicology, syntax, graphology, psychophysiology, kinesics, and cognition. The techniques are very significant to forensic context, business negotiation, job/school interview, and may be widely applied to law enforcement in crime investigation.

Personality Identification Based on Handwriting

Abstract: Graphology and handwriting analysis is now accepted and increasingly used technique for appraisement of people in organizations. The Handwriting analysis is an effective reliable indicator of personality and behaviour. It is useful tool for many organizational processes. Handwriting reveals the true personality including honesty, fears, defences and over many other individual personality traits. Handwriting is brain writing, it representing the mental status of the person. The handwriting analysis is a prediction technique as the body language that profiles the human behaviour in areas of the social skills, achievements, thinking styles and work habits. The handwriting analysis can happen with the help of some features like size of the letter, slant, and baseline in a document to identify the personality of the writer. The handwriting analysed through Image Processing using MATLAB. In this paper a method has been proposed to predict the behaviour of a person through the baseline, slant of the letter and size of the letter as found in a person's handwriting. These parameters are the inputs to the Artificial Neural Network which outputs the personality trait of the writer.

"A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words:" Perceptual-Personality Profiling Via a Free-Response Imagery Task

Abstract: The idea that patterns in writing style reveal an individual's personality structure or even hidden affect, imagery, ideation, or perception, has a checkered history in social science. For example, graphology has been controversial for more than a century but continues to be taught in some academic settings and advocated by various clinicians and personnel managers. While handwriting analysis can aid in the diagnosis and tracking of diseases of the brain and nervous system (e.g., Kopp et al., 1970; Ludewig et al., 1992), its ability to assess personality and job performance is primarily rooted in anecdotal evidence as opposed to rigorous objective testing, which has consistently shown negative results (e.g., Driver et al., 1996; King & Koehler, 2000; Neter & Ben-Shakhar, 1989; Schmidt & Hunter, 1998; for a review see Beyerstein & Beyerstein, 1992). Content analysis of text, on the other hand, has been successful enough to have reasonable applicability. Starting in the 1940s, "projective" tests, including the classic Rorschach inkblots and word association tasks, have come into common and large-scale use (e.g., Harrower-Erickson, 1945). Projective tests have their origins in psychoanalytic psychology, which assumes that we have attitudes and motivations that are beyond or hidden from conscious awareness. Advocates of projective tests stress that ambiguous stimuli allow respondents to express thoughts that originate on a deeper level than are tapped by text-based questions. And too, there is the idea that the use of imagery-based assessment helps to avoid potential errors and response biases associated with limitations of a respondent's verbal abilities or any attempts to fake responses due to social desirability or other motivations and pressures. One of the best-known content analysis approaches is the scoring of the "picture-story" exercises of Murray's Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), which involves the "coding" or "scoring" of verbal material (or "thought sampling") for content and style. It is widely used for research into dreams, fantasies, mate selection and career choice, and to a lesser degree to assess personality or thought disorders. In a forensic context, Statement Validity Analysis (SVA) is a systematic procedure to assess the credibility of memory reports and has been used with child witnesses for decades in Germany. SVA analyzes verbal reports using nineteen criteria which reflect qualitative and quantitative differences between credible and non-credible reports (for a detailed description, see Yuille, 1988). Trained raters showed good inter-rater reliability, and SVA yielded a mean classification accuracy of 78.3% (Porter & Yuille, 1996). Content analyses like those described above have the disadvantage of being labor intensive, because defining appropriate stimuli and scoring the verbal or written responses is extremely time consuming. Our present study aimed to overcome these disadvantages through the use of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), as first proposed by Deerwester et al. (1990), and we present an overview of this approach below. Here we note that LSA has proved useful in a variety of contexts, including essay grading in educational contexts (Shermis & Burstein, 2003), as well as psychological applications aimed at inferring emotion, deception, charisma, and sentiment analysis from textual information (for a review, see e.g., Luyckx & Daelemans, 2008; Mairesse et al., 2007). It does so by creating a high dimensional "semantic space" where each factor represents vocabulary words occurring in a corpus of textual items--this space is then simplified using techniques similar to standard factor analysis, to be described in the following section. The power of LSA derives from the fact that such semantic spaces can be constructed using unsupervised learning, i.e., with minimal intervention by researchers. A disadvantage of LSA that it essentially creates a black box without a clearly defined interpretation. …

FODEX: Forensic Document Examiner –Using Graphology Science

Abstract: Forensics document Examiner examines handwritten documents. The proposed system examines document using graphology science which generate a profile report of a person through handwritten text. The proposed system is a pattern recognition system for the organization which is involved in handwriting analysis and Cyber Crime Investigation. FODEX is designed to provide online facilities to the Users who want to verify their handwriting. This enhances the graphology to the next level where users can be across the globe. More specifically, FODEX is designed to provide a user interface which will facilitate easy of analyzing the handwriting samples. The system accepts scanned input image of handwriting and processes it using image processing algorithms and extract features from the image. These features are compared against a standard data set to generate a report about the sample submitted by the person later the generated report is either emailed or printed for the user accordingly. FODEX processes image and extracts features through various processed such as gray scale, threshold detection, RGB splitting, thinning, segmentation, scaling. Keywords: Image Processing, Handwriting Analysis, Forensic Document Examiner

Graphology as a human resources selection tool in the organisations

Abstract: The graphology is a quasi–science (pseudoscience) . It is considered to be one of the unconventional methods for human resourc es selection in the organizations. The graphologists believe that on the base of the h andwriting and on the written material a psychologic personal’s profile can be ma de.With the graphological analyses numerous features of the handwriting can be interpr ted such as: the initial and final of one word’ emphasis, correctness and readability of the words, letter’ s form, letter’s size, hand pressure on the paper, distance between the lines, writings course and other. This method is not scientifically approved, althoug h it is used in the organizations in a lot of West European countries and in USA as a tool for selection of human resources. In the most of the announces for vacancies the candida tes re required to fulfill the application forms in hand.