Showing papers on "Haptic technology published in 1983"
TL;DR: Some experiments on the possibilities of guiding movements in 3-D space by devices of this kind were summarized, finding that movements could be guided by such a matrix with reasonable precision and time consumption.
Abstract: In some prototype mobility aids for the blind information about the environment is obtained with the aid of patterns within a matrix of tactile point stimuli. The aim of this report is to summarize some experiments on the possibilities of guiding movements in 3-D space by devices of this kind, the movements studied being: (1) batting a ball, (2) walking and pointing to a target, and (3) slalom walking. The results were that movements could be guided by such a matrix with reasonable precision and time consumption. There are many remaining problems, especially in a cluttered environment, but they can be expected to be decreased if we are able to increase our knowledge about how touch, or rather the haptic system, is functioning, and if we can utilize this knowledge in constructing more effective tactile displays.
62 citations
TL;DR: Three experiments are reported in which subjects were exposed to discrepant visual and haptic form information and proposed that touch may be dominant in form perception when vision is peripheral and blurry.
Abstract: Three experiments are reported in which subjects were exposed to discrepant visual and haptic form information. Stained glass was used to blur vision and lower its accuracy close to the level of touch. Haptic dominance occurred with the large intersensory conflicts under study. It is proposed that touch may be dominant in form perception when vision is peripheral and blurry.
59 citations
Patent•
15 Apr 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a small central optical component is retained by surrounding fenestrated haptic structure which is the vehicle for eye medication, which is initially flat but axially flexible as to be selfadapting to the surface of the cornea and to self-retaining of its position, via moisture at the surface.
Abstract: The invention contemplates eye-medicating contact-lens constructions wherein a small central optical component is retained by surrounding fenestrated haptic structure which is the vehicle for eye medication. The haptic structure is initially flat but axially flexible as to be self-adapting to the surface of the cornea and to be self-retaining of its position, via moisture at the surface of the cornea. Medication carried by the haptic is made available to the surface of the cornea by mild pumping action of haptic structure on corneal fluid, the medication being drawn from storage in the haptic, by the wash of liquid involved in the pump action.
19 citations
Patent•
02 May 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the haptic structure is initially flat but axially flexible as to be selfadapting to the surface of the cornea and to self-retaining of its position via moisture at the surface.
Abstract: The invention contemplates eye-medicating haptic constructions which are fenestrated and provide the vehicle for eye medication. The haptic structure is initially flat but axially flexible as to be self-adapting to the surface of the cornea and to be self-retaining of its position, via moisture at the surface of the cornea. Medication carried by the haptic is made available to the surface of the cornea by mild pumping action of haptic structure on corneal fluid, the medication being drawn from storage in the haptic, by the wash of liquid involved in the pump action.
16 citations
Patent•
17 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a combined contact lens and haptic system is proposed, where the outer edge of the haptic has peripherally continuous integrity and the haptics adapt to the curvature of the cornea.
Abstract: The invention contemplates a combined contact lens and haptic wherein the outer edge of the haptic has peripherally continuous integrity and wherein the haptic is so axially compliant that it is self-adapting to the curvature of the cornea to which it is applied. The construction is such as to be self-cleansing in conjunction with natural moisture on the surface of the cornea, and to be inherently non-promoting of enzyme development on the cornea.
11 citations
10 Apr 1983
TL;DR: State of the art teleoperator controllers for manipulators are represented by bilateral master-slave devices that rely on a geometric similarity between the manipulator and the controller (slave and master) and simplistic control schemes to operate.
Abstract: State of the art teleoperator controllers for manipulators are represented by bilateral master-slave devices. These position forward, force-feedback devices rely on a geometric similarity between the manipulator and the controller (slave and master) and simplistic control schemes to operate. During operation, the slave replicates the master's configurations. The operator must be aware of the manipulator configurations, workspace obstacles, and the details of the ongoing task. This burden increases with the number of degrees-of-freedom. Joystick technology for teleoperator manipulators attempts to utilize machine intelligence to augment the operator and thereby reduce his efforts during manipulator control. The operator can focus his attentions to the task while the computer deals with the manipulator configurations and workspace obstacles. When the task is trivial or repetitive, the computer can take over and relieve the operator via the use of preprogrammed routines. Joysticks are geometrically dissimilar to the manipulators being controlled. This lack of geometric correspondence allows for further capabilities such as scale change for motions, motion filtering to eliminate. Force-feedback is a basic necessity for teleoperators. Through this control system the operator is tactilely aware of the loadings occurring at the manipulator. During activities in which the manipulator is lifting or twisting an object,more » the operator will feel a scaled force or torque. Inertialess control and obstacle encounters are other capabilities possible with force-feedback control schemes.« less
1 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the relationship between the visual and haptic senses and how this relationship changes during development, and found that visual bias has been demonstrated to decrease with age and to be inversely related to haptic accuracy.
Abstract: The nature of sensory organisation - how information is transferred or recognised as equivalent between the various senses and whether a dominance hierarchy exists between them - is a topic which has interested man since at least the time of the ancient Greeks. This thesis focuses on the relationship between the visual and haptic senses and how this relationship changes during development. While it was previously known that adults achieve a unified percept in the face of conflicting visual and haptic information by a process of visual capture, there have been conflicting reports in the research literature on why this situation obtains and on the reactions of young children to such a situation. Two methodologies, the cross-modal transfer paradigm and the conflict paradigm, have been widely used in the study of sensory organisation. The conflict paradigm, used to explore possible sensory dominance hierarchies, has been widely criticised. In the present study a methodology has been developed which meets these criticisms; it has been used to study the hierarchical organisation of vision and touch in subjects from early childhood to adulthood. visual bias has been shown to occur across all age groups in haptic judgements of size, shape and texture regardless of the nature of the visual distortion. In contrast to most previous researchers, visual bias has been demonstrated to decrease with age and to be inversely related to haptic accuracy. The observed decrease in visual bias with age is accounted for in terms of the concomitant increase in the ability of subjects both to recognise the unnatural nature of the tasks they are being asked to perform and to adopt a problem-solving approach to the tasks. Through this type of approach all possible sources of information are sought and critically evaluated. A theory has been proposed to account for the occurrence of visual bias. The theory proposes that haptic judgements involve the transduction of the haptic information to a visual representation and that it is on this representation that all comparisons and judgements are made. According to this theory the occurrence of visual bias arises from the difficulty of developing an accurate transduction in the presence of similar but different visual information. The theory predicts that performance on a haptic task would deteriorate more in the presence of a simultaneous visual task than an auditory task of equivalent difficulty. This prediction has been tested and confirmed. The proposed theory has been shown to account for the order of difficulty normally reported for inter and intra-modal visual-haptic tasks and also to have explanatory value for data reported from other research into intermodal organisation.