Showing papers on "Heating system published in 1981"

Microprocessor based controller for heating system

Abstract: An integrated, microprocessor-based primary control system for a building heating system. The control system includes in one unit a microprocessor and associated circuitry for (1) establishing the high limit of heat exchanger operation, (2) establishing the low-limit of heat exchanger operation for systems having a summer/winter coil, (3) modulating heat exchanger temperature as a function of outdoor temperature, (4) detecting alarm conditions, providing audio-visual signals while locking out heat exchanger operation in response thereto, and (5) providing an override time period for domestic hot water production in systems having a summer/winter coil.

Railroad switch heater

Abstract: A railroad switch heating system comprises lengths of a pliable insulated electrical resistance heating cable disposed against and along the outer sides of the fixed rails of the switch, with portions of these cable lengths between rail braces overlaid by thermally insulating mats and against the adjacent rail web surfaces, and supplemental heating to prevent ice formation in the crib space of, and excessive heat losses through, a rod interconnecting the displaceable rails near the switch points is provided by a crib heating unit having a sinuously bent length of the cable arranged over a pan-like support of sheet material that fits between and along the ties bordering the crib space beneath the rod therein. The pan-like support becomes heated by conduction and heats substantially the entire crib space by radiation and convection. Where the switch points move on a gauge plate extending between them on a track tie, the fixed rail heating is further supplemented by heating units that include rigid plate members which straddle and hold sinuously bent lengths of the cable against areas of the gauge plate near the switch points, with heat insulation. Each cable length has the ends of its heating wire fitted with connectors joining it with insulated conductors in a series heating circuit to be activated when weather conditions might cause freezing at the switch. Lengths of bendable metal tubing enclosing the cable lengths and special water-tight connectors render the heating system water-tight, thus enhancing its safety and reliability.

The calculation of energy use in dwellings

Abstract: A simple method has been developed to enable calculation by hand of seasonal domestic energy consumption, in particular for space heating, and to assess the likely effects of an improved insulation standard. The parameters appearing in the ‘energy balance’ of a dwelling are discussed and suitable values given for substitution in the energy consumption equation. The effects of intermittent heating are discussed and data are provided on heating system efficiences. Incidental gains arising from solar radiation, occupancy and other internal sources are considered and their contribution to the total useful energy requirement evaluated. A worked example is presented to demonstrate the method of calculation. An exercise has recently been completed in which the method described in this paper has been used to predict the seasonal energy consumption of over forty occupied d. The results, which will be published later this year, indicate that on avuel consumption is predicted to within 20 per cent of the actual consu

Self-monitoring heat tracing system

Abstract: A self-monitoring heat tracing system including a heating conductor, a monitor conductor, and a control circuit which monitors the integrity of the heat tracing conductor and provides alarm signals to indicate abnormal temperature conditions in the heating system or discontinuities in the monitor circuit

Building heating system

Abstract: A building heat collection, storage and exchange system adapted for use with a solar collector, and featuring a specially designed heat storage tank. The closed system contains both liquid and gas, and is provided with drain reservoirs so that when heat is not being absorbed, the solar collector is drained, and the gas replaces the liquid in the collector. By the use of liquid intake and dispersal devices which eliminate turbulence, the heat storage tank maintains stable temperature zones. The most efficient extraction of stored heat is thus promoted.

Local heating system using solar, geothermal and heat pump sources - has heating water storage and domestic hot water storage heated by coil heat exchangers supplied with heated fluid

Abstract: The local heating system is partic. applicable to groups of domestic dwellings and comprises: a reservoir (1) of hot water for heating usage which is circulated through a heating circuit (2,3) by a circulation pump (5) and a solar energy collector (10) supplying a circuit (8,9) with a heat exchanger (7) in the reservoir (1). A heat pump (16) supplies a circuit (14,15) with a heat exchanger (13) in the reservoir (1). A geothermal energy collector (17) supplies the input circuit (18,19) to the heat pump. Each circuit has a pump and control valves incorporated. The heating circuit (2,4) has a mixing valve (4) to mix some of the return water in the heater inlet when the temp. in the heating circuit exceeds a set value. A source of hot water for domestic hot water is also incorporated (30,31,32) and is driven off the solar, geothermal and heat pump heat sources.

Tank car heating system

Abstract: A heated railway tank car includes heating conduits arranged on the tank and filled with a heating fluid and coupled to an electrically driven pump and heat exchanger in a closed-loop system for heating and continuously recirculating the heating fluid through the conduit. The tank car is adapted to be electrically interconnected with adjacent cars and the electric power may be provided from the locomotive, from an axle generator and alternator combination on the tank car, or from rechargeable batteries on the tank car charged by either terminal facilities or axle-mounted or locomotive-mounted generator means.

Engine cooling-passenger heating system

Abstract: An engine cooling-passenger heating system is disclosed having an integrated multi-mode valve arrangement which operates in a no-heat mode to bypass all available flow to the passenger heater past the heater for continued circulation without disruption in the engine cooling system and further operates in a heat mode to effect flow through the heater while also being responsive to the pressure drop across the heater above a predetermined value to also simultaneously establish in the heat mode a restricted connection bypassing a portion of the available coolant to the heater to thereby limit the flow through the heater as well as the pressure differential acting thereon.

Heating and cooling plate - one side contains resistance heaters and the other has circulation tubes for coolant

Abstract: A heating and cooling plate for e.g. moulding, vulcanising processes has its operating surface on one selected side, it has resistance heaters forthe one side and coolant flows through for the cooling side. Sandwich construction is used, with a flat (or profiled) top plate (1) above a cooling system (2), and a heating system (3) on the other side. The cooling side (2) has interconnecting square-section steel tubes (4) sepd. by solid aluminium blocks (5), with brass foils (6) lying on each side of them. The heating side has two grooved (10,12) plates (7), a cover plate (8), and thermal insulation (9); the grooves contain heating elements (11) with glass fibre covering. For heating purposes one or other element (11) is energised; when it is required to switch over to cooling the current is switched off and water is fed through the tubes (4). Both heating and cooling are regulated independently and can provide e.g. intermediate temps. also. Rapid switching from heating to cooling and vice versa is achieved, thereby saving energy.

Space and utility water heating system

Abstract: A heating system for supplying utility water and a heating fluid for space heating purposes comprises a unit fired by a burner and having a recuperator traversed by the combustion gases and forming a first zone for heating the space-heating fluid and a second zone for heating the utility water. According to the invention, a heat exchanger is provided along the path of the utility water delivered from the second zone to a reserve tank and the heat exchanger is connected in a bypass across the feed and return lines of the heating fluid circulating path. A control responsive to the temperature in the tank regulates the flow through the bypass while a further temperature control responsive to the feed side temperature of the space-heating circulation path controls the fuel supplied to the burner and the rate of combustion gas flow through the heat exchanger.

Some recent research into home heating

Abstract: As part of an investigation into the performance of heating systems and the effectiveness of energy saving measures, temperatures have been monitored in forty centrally heated homes. The addition of extra insulation had no effect on the way people operated their heating system or on the temperature level set in the main living room. However, bedrooms were warmer and the importance of individual room temperature controls demonstrated. Differences between people's thermal requirements in domestic and office environments are considered.

Central heating system with individually controlled radiators

Abstract: The heating system uses a number of radiators which are controlled individually or in groups via a time clock and a thermostat, so that heat is only supplied to radiators in the rooms for which heating is required. Each radiator valve (3) is controlled by a heat expansion element (11) which responds to variations in the room temp.The heat expansion element (11) has an operating rod (8) cooperating with that of the radiator valve (3) with an intermediate element (9,10) between the two, the length of which is altered under control of the time clock. Pref. the intermediate element (9,10) comprises an electrically heated expansion piece supplied with current under control of the clock

Control and regulating device for an installation for room heating

Abstract: The invention relates to a control and regulating device for an installation for room heating, which has at least one central heating system (12) for transmitting heat energy to a medium and a large number of radiators (22) which are arranged in each case in a corresponding room and are supplied heating medium by the central heating system (12). In this case, a memory (48) for a large number of predetermined basic data for each room, which relate to desired room temperatures and to periods of presence or absence of the user in the room during a predetermined period of time, a programming unit (26) for random data for each room, which relate to modification of the desired values with regard to the room temperature and the periods of presence or absence of the user in the room, a processing unit (49, 50) which compares the basic data stored in the memory (48) with the random data, input via the programming unit (26), and adjusting devices (21) for the flowthrough of the heating medium through each radiator (22) are provided, which are controlled via the output signals generated by the processing device (49, 56).

Road heating installation fed with earth heat

Abstract: The invention relates to a road heating installation fed with earth heat, in which heat exchanger tubes are laid with their condensation part in a surface-covering and heat-conducting manner in the road surface, while the evaporation part extends vertically into the depth of the earth. To cover the peak requirement for heat at times of particularly unfavourable weather changes or periods, an external heating source is also arranged at the lower heat exchanger tube ends of the evaporation zones. This external heating source can be designed as an electric resistance heating system but a drain can also be guided along there, in which connection the waste heat of the latter is utilised. To control the electrically operated external heating source, use can be made of various parameters such as outside temperature, air humidity, road temperature and temperature drop in the earth.

Combination radiation and convection heater with convection current directing means

Abstract: A heating system comprising one or more heaters capable of heating by radiation as well as convection incorporating nozzle means extending from an electrically heated gas glow pipe to direct the flow of hot gas providing said convection heating to a region where pressure flow and heat are desired.

Textural Characteristics of Beef: Effects of the Heating System

Abstract: Textural characteristics of beef semitendinosus roasts heated in 93 and 149°C ovens to 60 and 70°C were compared with those of small samples of semitendinosus heated as cylindrical cores in glass tubes in a water bath. The small samples were heated to the same endpoint temperatures as the roasts were at rates comparable to heating at the two oven temperatures. Cooking losses varied with heating method and in some cases with endpoint temperature and rate of heating. Heating method did not affect the textural parameters of penetration hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness and shear cohesiveness and firmness. Hydroxyproline solubilization was greater in water bath samples than in intact samples heated at the slower rate. The extent of heat-related changes and their effects on final meat quality partially is determined by the heating system.

Regulation device for heating systems

Abstract: The invention relates to a control device for heating systems with a controller module to which a controlled variable controlled by the inlet temperature of the heating medium and a reference variable influenced by a reference temperature and an evaluating circuit is applied. To provide the possibility of optimal adjustment of the control device with little time expenditure, the evaluating circuit (1) exhibits electronic stores (15, 16), the value of which at the output effects an incremental change in the evaluation of the reference temperature by changing the parameters of the heating curve of the heating system. The incremental change in the value at the output of each store (15, 16) is produced by a control arrangement (4) which is connected to the input of the evaluating circuit (1). The invention can be used, above all, in heating controllers for heating systems in buildings (Figure 1).

Modular solar heating system

Abstract: An active solar heating system, adapted for retrofit installation in a building, consists of a solar collector module and a plenum box assembly, the latter including flexible conduits which are connected to the module for actively circulating room air therethrough. The system enables the utilization of solar collector modules that are constructed in standard four by eight dimensions, while accommodating the necessity for misalignment of the room register and the air flow apertures of the module.

Intake heating system for outboard engine

Abstract: A combined cooling and heating system for an internal combustion engine. The system includes a cooling jacket that cools the cylinder block and which discharges through a thermostatically controlled valve into a coolant sump having upper and lower outlets. The lower outlet discharges into a heating jacket for the induction system so as to provide induction system heating that is relatively independent of the engine speed. The upper sump outlet discharges into the cylinder head cooling jacket.

Evaluating thermal consumption of individual apartments - utilises heating medium and room temp. measurements using computer

Abstract: The arrangement is used for measurement and evaluation of the thermal consumption of individual consumers in heated buildings enables accurate measurement and power consumption evaluation taking account of different thermodynamic conditions They enable detection of fraud and allowance for heat gains other than from the heating system, eg from solar radiation and body heat The thermal energy input to each flat is determined by computer from the sum of the power transferred from the individual heaters The flow of heat is measured between adjacent sensors and evaluated by computer The thermal consumption of each consumer up to a certain time is derived from these measurements which involve feed and return temp measurements on the heating medium and room temp measurement The evaluations take account of the flat dividing wall heat conduction properties

A district or block heating system

Abstract: A district or block heating system, in which each individual dwelling heat consuming installation connected directly or through a heat exchanger (4) to a ring main (1,2), in which a hot fluid is circulated, is so constructed as to make the heating of either only radiators (13) for space heating, or only a tap-water heating device (16-18), or the series connection of the tap-water heating device (16-18) and the radiators (13), or the tap-water heating device (16-18) in parallel with said series connection directly or indirectly possible and to control the current of said fluid through each individual installation by the required quantity of heat there in.

Apparatus for recovering chimney heat

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a heating system for a building having a chimney, which heating system incorporates a heat collecting recovery unit set atop the chimney, an underground reservoir, a circulating pump, and an exchanger disposed to reject heat to the conditioned space within the building, to serve in combination to heat the building with energy which had heretofore been wasted, so that the energy consumption rate required for heating can be reduced.

Heating of underwater equipment

Abstract: The heating of submersible hulls, diving suits and other underwater equipment usually involves use of electrical batteries. However, in cold water operations these electrical batteries prove quite inadequate for the task. The invention provides for a self-contained heating system involving the bringing together in a submerged reaction zone of substances capable of reacting together exothermically. Preferably one of the substances is a metal e.g. aluminium in ingot form, and the other substance is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and is fed to the ingots of aluminium. The invention is also apparatus for carrying out the reaction and transferring the heat generated.

Pipe support clamp.

Abstract: For the purpose of producing holders for heating elements in a floor heating system, which consist of a foot (3) and a fastener (2) for the heating elements and which can be fixed in a simple manner, it is proposed that the foot (3) should be in the form of a fastener for the holder, while it is preferable to provide a bayonet mount on the hollow cylindrical foot (3).

Warm air floor heating panel - fitted insulation on concrete ceiling has underside protrusions forming ducting network, and flat top

Abstract: The panel for providing heating in a floor is pref. for installation between an insulating layer located on a concrete ceiling and a floor covering, eso. in the form of floor finish. The surface of the floor panel (12) facing the floor covering (20) is flat, while that facing the insulating layer (16) incorporates protrusions (14) serving to form a duct network (22). These may be of truncated conical shape, tapering towards the insulation; or cylindrical, parts of spheres, or regular or irregular. This makes inexpensive provision for a warm air heating system, evenly distributed and without risk of damage.

Method and apparatus for automatic adjustment of cooling wind in a forehearth

Abstract: An automatic cooling adjustment system for the forehearth of a glass furnace which enables the minimization of the amount of energy used in the forehearth The system is utilized in a forehearth wherein a continually activated and adjustable cooling wind apparatus operates in conjunction with an electric or fuel fired heating system which controls or maintains the glass within a desired temperature range and at a predetermined temperature gradient range over the length of the forehearth An automatic means is provided to adjust the amount of cooling wind and to maintain it at whatever level is required in order to minimize the opposing heating energy required The system includes a timer which enables small automatic cooling wind adjustments during a first, relatively short time period and which enables temperature stabilization in the forehearth during a second, relatively long time period The cycle of small adjustments is repeated as necessary to keep the heating system within pre-set energy limits

Heating installation for a distant heating system

Abstract: The heating system has a hot water boiler (2) with a circulating pump (3) which is disposed in the feed line of the latter and which supplies the hot water boiler (2) with an approximately constant amount of feed water. From the boiler outlet, a circulation line (4) branches off which leads to the inlet of the circulating pump (3) and is provided with a control valve (5). A first control device (13) controls the outlet temperature of the hot water boiler (2) by modifying the firing (19). A second control device (22) controls the boiler inlet temperature by modifying the control valve (5) in the circulation line (4). Provided on the circulation line (4) is a pressure difference measuring device (30) which causes a control signal which is dependent on the measured pressure difference to act on the second control device (22) in a manner such that a disturbance, due to a rapid change in the pressure difference, of the amount of water flowing in the return line (10) is substantially suppressed by adjusting the control valve (5). The additional action of the pressure difference on the control valve makes it possible to improve the control of the heating system to such an extent that the outlet temperature of the hot water from the boiler can be kept substantially constant.

Heating system control device

Abstract: A heating system control device is responsive to the drop in outside temperature to below a predetermined weatherhead set point for turning on a heating system to be controlled. Upon the establishment of the heat in the heating system, a defined heating cycle is carried out consisting of a heat-on portion and a heat-off portion having a duty cycle dependent on the outside temperature. The heating cycle does not start until there is an establishment of heat in the heating system. The start of consecutive heating cycles is delayed in response to a check for heat loss in the system. When heat is established and the set point has not been reached, as noted by the means for determining the establishment of heat in the heating system, the next cycle will be delayed to save energy.