Showing papers on "Holothuria published in 2012"
53 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that marine Hurghada’s Holothuria species are a potential source for the discovery of natural antibiotics.
36 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study compared the chemical compositions of cucumbers harvested from the Bndar-elengeh coast in South of Iran July 2011 to find out which ash content in H.parva was more than H.arenicola otherwise protein and crud fiber content in the cucumbers were more thanH.pavra (p< 0.05).
Abstract: This study compared the chemical compositions of se a cucumbers harvested from the Bndar-elengeh coast in South of Iran July 2011. Their Mois ture, ash, protein, and fat contents were measured and recorded. The average protein, moistur e, ash, crude fiber and fat were 17.61±.95%, 67.82±3.81%, 32.74±1.17%, 1.87±0.50% an d 2.43±0.53% in H.parva and 24.37±1.93%, 69.45±3.09%, 10.86±0.4%, 2.29±0.5% and 2.88±0.47% in H.arenicola respectively. Crude fat and moisture content doesn' t show any significant difference (p> 0.05). Significant variations were also observed between p rotein, ash and crude fiber contents (p<0.05) which ash content in H.parva was more than H.arenicola otherwise protein and crud fiber content in H.arenicola were more than H.pavra (p< 0.05).
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the total lipid of two local sea cucumber species, Holothuria scabra and H. leucospilata from Qeshm Island, and the fatty acid composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography.
Abstract: This study was carried out to extract total lipid of two local sea cucumber species, Holothuria scabra and Holothuria leucospilata from Qeshm Island, and the fatty acid composition was determined by capillary gas chromatography. The results show that all species were rich in palmitic acid (C16:0) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) of saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. However, the main monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in H. scabra and H. leucospilota were gadoleic acid (C20:1) and cis-oleic acid (C18:1n9c), respectively. The results of this study showed the high content of fatty acids, specially (ω-3) series in H. scabra and H. leucospilata.
23 citations
TL;DR: Findings demonstrate that the isolated echinosides possess potential in vitro schistosomicidal activity against S. mansoni adult worms, and are promising as lead compounds for the development of new schistoomicidal agents.
Abstract: Context: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug available for the treatment of schistosomiasis. The reported reduced cure rates, the failure of treatment after PZQ administration in patients and the existence of resistant parasite strains, reinforce the need to rapidly discover new effective molecules against Schistosoma parasite.Objective: To screen the methanol extracts of 79 marine organisms for their schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms in vitro and perform bio-assay directed chromatography for the most active extracts to isolate the active compounds.Materials and methods: Screening of the marine organisms and bio-assay directed chromatography of the most active extracts together with identification of the active isolates using 1D and 2D NMR analysis, were investigated.Results: Results indicated that the isolates echinosides A and B from the sea cucumbers Actinopyga echinites Jaeger and Holothuria polii Delle Chiaie (Holothuriidae) were highly active. Their LC50 values were equa...
23 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest multiple parallel originations and diversification of ossicle morphology within the subgenus Selenkothuria, suggesting the need for a new classification of subgenera for the genus Holothuria.
15 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that holothurin is a promising antischistosomal agent is supported after studies of recovered worms from treated mice with all extracts showed different tegumental changes like formation of blebs, wrinkling, formation of numerous pores, and rupturing of some tubercles.
Abstract: Context: Holothuria polii (H. polii) Linnaeus (Holothuriidae), Actinopyga mauritiana (A. mauritiana) Quoy & Gaimard (Holothuriidae) andBohadschia vitiensis(B. vitiensis) Semper (Holothuriidae) are sea cucumbers inhabiting the coasts of Egypt. Their tegument and the cuvierian gland contained a substance called holothurin that was used in traditional medicine. These three species are abundant in the Egyptian coast, however there are no reports about their efficacy as antiparasitic agent.Objective: The antischistosomal effect of the holothurin extracted from the three species of sea cucumber is investigated.Materials and methods: The ethanol extract was made from the tegument of bothH. poliiandA. mauritianawhile it was made from the cuvierian gland ofB. vitiensis. The body wall (or cuvierian gland) of the sea cucumber was blended with 95% ethanol in a volume = 4 × tissue weight. Extraction was done at room temperature for one day then filtered. The ethanol was removed by evaporation using Rotavapour (BUCHI 4...
14 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that proteolysis by several proteases is important in the regulation of intestinal regeneration in H. glaberrima, and effects on the size of the regenerating intestine, cell proliferation and collagen degradation are shown.
Abstract: Proteolysis carried out by different proteases control cellular processes during development and regeneration. Here we investigated the function of the proteasome and other proteases in the process of intestinal regeneration using as a model the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. This echinoderm possesses the ability to regenerate its viscera after a process of evisceration. Enzymatic activity assays showed that intestinal extracts at different stages of regeneration possessed chymotrypsin-like activity. This activity was inhibited by i) MG132, a reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin and peptidylglutamyl peptidase hydrolase (PGPH) activities of the proteasome, ii) E64d, a permeable inhibitor of cysteine proteases and iii) TPCK, a serine chymotrypsin inhibitor, but not by epoxomicin, an irreversible and potent inhibitor of all enzymatic activities of the proteasome. To elucidate the role which these proteases might play during intestinal regeneration, we carried out in vivo experiments injecting MG132, E64d and TPCK into regenerating animals. The results showed effects on the size of the regenerating intestine, cell proliferation and collagen degradation. These findings suggest that proteolysis by several proteases is important in the regulation of intestinal regeneration in H. glaberrima.
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, two species of sea cucumber (one belonging to the genus Holothuria and the other belonging to Stichopus) were collected in the intertidal zone of the Abu Musa Island (Persian Gulf) via scuba diving.
Abstract: This study has been conducted to identify the present species in the Abu Musa Island (Persian Gulf) .Two species of sea cucumber (one belonging to the genus Holothuria and the other to Stichopus) were collected in the intertidal zone of the Abu Musa Island (Persian Gulf) via scuba diving. The literature review on the distribution was determined to be the first report of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt) 1835 and Stichopus herrmanni Semper 1868 from Abu Musa Island (Persian Gulf). The species identification was done through morphological keys and review of their ossicles.
11 citations
9 citations
TL;DR: In Iran, sea cucumbers are not well known and they are not consumed as food as mentioned in this paper, thus, the lack of scientific knowledge about them is a major hindrance in the field of sea cucumber identification.
Abstract: In Iran, sea cucumbers are not well known and they are not consumed as food. With this and the lack of scientific knowledge about them, this study has been conducted in order to identify the present species in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Samples were collected in the sub-tidal zone of Larak Island (Persian Gulf) via SCUBA diving in August 2011. The literature review on the distribution revealed that this is the first report of Holothuria impatiens from Larak Island (Persian Gulf). The species identification was made using morphological keys and review of their ossicles.
TL;DR: Results of this research showed stimulation of fission with 1 fission plane is faster than 2 fissions plane and 3 fission planes for the supply of seed in sea cucumber Holothuria fission reproduction impatiens andHolothuria atra.
Abstract: Natural production of sea cucumbers in decline, it is because of overfishing and use without any attempt for cultivation. There are several ways for the provision of seeds, one with a reproduction. Sea cucumbers can reproduce sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the sea cucumber sperm and egg cells, and that asexual reproduction through fission technique. Fission is the process of cleavage of the specimen the anterior, middle and posterior to the sea cucumber. The third part will grow into new individuals after each specimen was able to grow the missing part. The research was conducted on April-June 2012 at Bandengan, Jepara with the aim of analyzing the ability of the sea cucumber Holothuria fission reproduction impatiens and Holothuria atra and observe individual performance and survival of fission results from the fission through the stimulation of 1, 2, and 3 fission plane in sea cucumber Holothuria atra and Holothuria impatiens for the supply of seed. The method used was field experimental research. The results of this research showed stimulation of fission with 1 fission plane is faster than 2 fission plane and 3 fission plane. H. atra to fission faster than H. impatiens. On the stimulation of 2 fission plane, the anterior fission faster than the middle or posterior. The results of regeneration of the species H. impatiens are not able to regenerate. The posterior regenerate faster than the anterior and middle. The posterior regenerate faster than the anterior and middle. In general, sea cucumbers which were going through the stimulation of fission stage, wound closure phase, the stage of regeneration, which in turn will form the mouth and anus on the part of the divide.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Examination of gross morphology and microscopic ossicles showed that this species is Holothoria atra, a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria, which is an omnivore, sifting through the sediment with its tentacles and feeding on detritus and other organic matter.
Abstract: As each new species evolved, the ossicles changed with it, so each species has uniquely shaped ossicles. Examination of gross morphology and microscopic ossicles showed that this species is Holothoria atra. Color uniformly black or dark brown; when alive body usually covered with sand coating of sand which may also serve to keep it cool by protecting it from the sun's rays. , except for several pairs bare patches dorsally; tables with reduced but sometimes spinose disc. The importance of detailed reproductive biological studies on Holothuria atra are necessary due to its important role in the conservation of the marine environment. This species found on subtidal sand and grassbed, 3to 4 m depth at Kish Island. Distributed throughout most of the tropical Indo-Pacific area. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. It is deposit-feeder and is mainly found on sandy bottom of fringing reefs surrounding the Kish island. Holothoria atra, is a holothurian of order Aspidochirotes belonging to the family Holothuriidae genus Holothuria. Holothuria atra is an omnivore, sifting through the sediment with its tentacles and feeding on detritus and other organic matter. It ingests sand at the same time and digests the biofilm on the sand grains before ejecting them through its anus.
TL;DR: Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) was recorded for the first time in northeastern Brazil, from reefs at Ponta Verde, Maceio Municipality, state of Alagoas, Brazil.
Abstract: Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) was recorded for the first time in northeastern Brazil, from reefs at Ponta Verde, Maceio Municipality, state of Alagoas, Brazil. The identified specimens are deposited in the Echinoderm Collection, Invertebrate Collection Paulo Young, Federal University of Paraiba.
15 Dec 2012
TL;DR: It is revealed that Holothuria leucospilota remain very consistent in their modes of evisceration, ejecting the same organs in every eviscers event.
Abstract: Defense mechanisms have been long recognized as an important factor in establishing the development of many organism life histories. As a result, many processes associated with ensuring survivability have been very well established in organisms that utilize defense mechanisms. How these defense mechanisms have shaped the evisceration and regenerative processes of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota still remain largely unstudied. In this study it is revealed that Holothuria leucospilota remain very consistent in their modes of evisceration, ejecting the same organs in every evisceration event. The consistency is compounded by the finding that approximately 28% of their body mass is eviscerated regardless of organism size. In terms of organ regeneration, the thickening of the mesentery tissues is apparent at Day 4 and regeneration of the digestive tract at Day 16. Sediment feeding also resumes at Day 16 along with the regeneration of the digestive tract. No regeneration of the left respiratory tree or gonads is observed within the 28-day study.