Showing papers on "Household hazardous waste published in 2001"

Solid Waste Engineering

Abstract: 1. Integrated Solid-Waste Management. Historical Background. Materials Flow. Legislation and Regulations. The Need for Integrated Solid-Waste Management. Life Cycle Assessment. Special Problems (white goods, construction rubble, tires, household hazardous waste, paint and batteries). The European Experience. 2. Solid-Waste Characteristics and Quantities. Definitions. Solid-Waste Generation. Solid-Waste Composition. Estimating Refuse. Quantities and Composition. Characteristics of Refuse. Potential for Reclamation of Useful Materials and Energy from Solid-Waste. Obstacles to Recovery of Materials and Energy from Refuse. 3. Collection of Municipal Solid-Waste. Solid-Waste Collection Systems. Effectiveness of Solid-Waste Collection. Collection of Source-Separated Materials. Alternative Collection Strategies. Transfer Stations. Litter and Street Cleanliness. 4. Landfills. Planning, Siting, and Permitting of Landfills. Design of Landfills. Processes within a Landfill. Controlling Leachate and Gas. Operation of Landfills. Monitoring of Landfills. Closure of Landfills. Use of Old Landfill Sites. Landfill Mining. Hazardous Substances. 5. Processing of Mixed and Partially Separated Solid-Waste. Refuse Physical Characteristics. Storing. Conveying. Compacting. Shredding. Pulping. Roll Crushing. Plastic Granulating. 6. Materials Separation. General Expressions for Materials Separation. Picking (hand sorting). Screens. Air Classifiers. Jigs. Stoners. Sink/Float Separators. Inclined Tables. Shaking Tables. Flotation. Color Sorting. Magnets. Eddy Current Separators. Electrostatic Separators. Materials Recovery Systems. 7. Combustion and Energy Recovery. Heat Value of Refuse. Energy Production from MSW. Materials and Thermal Balances. Combustion Hardware Used for MSW. Waste Heat Recovery. Pyrolysis. Undesirable Effects of Combustion. 8. Biochemical Processes. Methane Generation by Anaerobic Digestion. Methane Generation from Landfills. Composting. Other Biochemical Processes. 9. Current Solid-Waste Issues. Flow Control. Public or Private Ownership and Operation. Procurement Issues. Financing Solid-Waste Facilities. The Role of the Solid-Waste Engineer.

Reducing Household Waste. Japan Learns from Germany.

Abstract: The Generation of solid waste is a serious proble, worldwide, particularly among industrialized nations where the amount of solid waste generated continues to increase in both absolute and per capita terms.1 For the most part, muncipal governments are the bodies that must grapple with the various aspects of solid waste, including waste collection, transfer, and disposal. The rising cost and decreasing availability of landfills, as well as citizen opposition to proposed landfill sites, are making disposal increasingly problematic. Waste incineration is often employed to reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills, but this practice is not without its environmental costs—including, increased air pollution and the creation of a potentially toxic end product (incinerator ash).

Chemicals and Waste

Abstract: Particularly in industrialized countries, many of the most pressing environmental problems are ultimately chemical in nature: air and water pollution, toxic and hazardous wastes, pesticides and herbicides, chemicals in food and ecosystems, and so on. Just as such problems have been the focus of much of the environmental policy activity of national governments, so they have been high on the EU environmental agenda. If all the laws adopted by the EU on air pollution, water pollution and the control of wastes are included, then just over half of all EU laws on the environment are directed at some element of the chemical problem: managing the use of chemicals; limiting the release of chemical substances that have a harmful effect on human, animal and plant life; and controlling the shipment and disposal of chemical wastes.

Occupational health & safety innovations in the hazardous waste remediation industry

Abstract: As the environmental technology aspects of hazardous waste remediation projects are becoming more innovative, the occupational health and safety aspects associated with these projects have not kept pace. This study was designed to examine a single, longterm remediation project's experiences with this dilemma. Although the project employed a number of traditional strategies to abate occupational health and safety hazards through most of its course, innovations concerning chemical protective clothing, air monitoring/sampling equipment, and the management of physical hazards at the last and perhaps most dangerous site lead to some interesting results. These results suggest that innovative yet practical solutions exist to improve occupational health and safety performance on remediation projects, which is a lesson learned that projects of the future should heed to achieve continuous improvement.

Method of recycling household waste

Abstract: The household waste treatment requires neither incineration nor disposal in landfills. Two processing sub-systems, first one for combustibles and the other or second one for incombustibles, cooperate with each other as a single system for recycling the waste. The first sub-system deals with combustible waste to yields products for fertilizing and/or conditioning soil. In the process, what are inappropriate to the production of the soil fertilizing and/or conditioning products are sent to the second sub-system, which deals with incombustible waste. This sub-system sorts the incombustible waste materials into various kinds of recyclable products. Combustibles among the incombustible waste materials are sent to the first sub-system.

Treatment of Heavy Metal Contaminated Waste

Abstract: : Heavy metal (HM) contaminated waste is a major concern to Army and Department of Defense (DoD) installations due to the total volume and number of sites with this type of waste. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strictly regulates the disposal and treatment of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), which classifies the HM-contaminated waste as hazardous by either definition (e.g., listed) or characteristic. By performing the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), wastes are tested to determine the leachable contaminant content to decide whether the samples fall within the strict EPA requirements for treatment of hazardous wastes. The vendor products in this testing were used as received for stabilization of standard wastes with the generic procedure provided by the manufacturer. These tests showed that the stabilization can depend on a number of factors, including the initial amount of free metal available to leach, the form of the solid matrix, the total amount of all metals (co-contaminants), and the pH, stressing the need for complete testing of a stabilization product with a particular waste to evaluate the product's performance.

Hazardous goods. in: handbook of logistics and supply-chain management

Abstract: The global economic viability requires an effective and efficient transport of goods, some of which can be hazardous if not handled correctly. Hazardous materials are defined as substances or materials that may pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported, and which have been so designated. Hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants and elevated temperature materials belong to one of the existing nine hazard classes.

Hazardous waste compliance

Abstract: Hazardous waste compliance , Hazardous waste compliance , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

Assessment, management, and minimization

Abstract: Regulations and public attitudes remain a focus of hazardous waste management. McManus (1996) presented the voluntary, external environmental audit as a useful method for managing risk and keeping up with regulations. Partnerships among envi ronmental organizations and businesses were evaluated by Wal ton (1996). He emphasized that regulations focus on "paper" compliance instead of "real world" performance and that a market-driven paradigm is required to integrate environment and business, which relies on economic incentives. Niemeyer (1996) conducted a survey to profile Nebraskans' attitudes to ward household hazardous-waste-management practices. She found that the majority reported that they had no community household hazardous-waste-collection programs, and many re ported they were disposing of household hazardous waste in potentially harmful ways, such as pouring on the ground, down the drain, or burning. James et al (1996) discussed an economic risk-cost-benefit analysis in hazardous waste management using a specific case study and stressed the usefulness of such analyses even in the absence of quality data. Databases, software, and surveys have provided important information for hazardous waste management personnel. Clarke et al (1996) developed a database that includes nearly 2 000 values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concen trations and toxicity equivalencies for fish in the U.S. and inter national waterways. They found that there are quantifiable amounts of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and poly chlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) for fish in waterways throughout the world and in the U.S., regardless of habitat and feeding habits. Currently available process simulator software packages were reviewed by Hilaly and Sikdar (1996), who con cluded that the simulation packages currently available need to be augmented with pollution-prevention models. Cailas et al (1996) proposed an indicator of solid waste generation potential (SWGP), based on socioeconomic variables, as a means of as sisting in the development of integrated solid waste manage ment plans. The use of geographic information systems (GISs) to depict the spatial distribution of the SWGP will help planners visualize the expected overall refuse generation pattern and identify critical regions. McCaulon et al (1996) reviewed the literature to develop a chemical compatibility table for 73 chemicals and 28 commonly used sampling well materials. Common compatibility problems were discussed. A screening model was presented by Spriggs and Smith (1996) for the selection of alternative technologies for solving environmental problems. The screening model can be applied quickly and is compatible with the more rigorous models in detailed environmental assessments. Elemental solu bility limits have extremely large ranges; therefore, the recom mendation of a set of procedures was presented by McKinley and Savage (1996) that would aid in the comparison of solubility databases for hazardous waste site and facility assessments. Peer reviews involving cross-comparison between different solubil ity studies and fully traceable and reproducible database selec tions were considered important components.